农业科研机构科技创新能力评价的理论与方法研究
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摘要
在知识经济全球化的背景下，科技创新能力已经成为国家经济发展的源泉和动力，并逐渐成为决定国家前途和命运的主导因素之一。只有提高自主创新能力，才有机会在国际科技竞争中占据战略制高点。国家科技创新体系是支撑其创新能力建设的重要力量，而科研机构又是重要的科技创新体系主体。农业科技创新则必然成为农业经济快速发展的主导力量。
农业科研机构自主创新能力的强弱，直接关乎国家农业科技进步水平和现代农业发展的方式，而农业科技创新能力是一个由多种能力子系统组和而成的复杂系统。本文立足系统科学和管理科学理论，分析了农业科技创新过程，确定了创新要素，构建了适合农业科研机构的评价指标体系和评价模型。运用系统分析的思路，充分灵活采用层析分析法、专家估测法、德尔菲法等，创建了适合我国农业科研机构的“综合指数评价法”。采用现代信息技术，研发了基于多源数据的农业科技创新评价分析平台，为决策者提供一个科学、便捷的软件工具。最后利用该平台将评价指标体系应用于国家级农业科研机构的评价，并根据评价结果将科研机构划分为科技创新型、科学创新型、技术创新型、基础实力型等四种类型，最后针对每种类型提出了相应的管理措施。
本论文在以下几个方面进行了创新性探索研究：
综合分析了农业科技创新的概念和内涵。这是本文的理论基础和逻辑起点，将对有关科技创新、农业科技创新、农业科技创新要素以及农业科技创新活动进行分析，从而为本文提供一个分析研究的基础。
①研究构建了农业科技创新能力评价指标体系。基于指标体系的设计原则和内涵诠释，构建了三级指标，兼顾了指标间定性和定量、过程与结果、静态与动态的关系，能够灵活反映各农业科研机构的科技创新能力、成果产出绩效、人才队伍建设以及成果转化效果。
②研发了基于多源数据的农业科技创新能力综合评价平台。结合目前农业科研机构知识资产组织、保存和管理的现状，根据科研工作流程特点，联系客观实际提出了自顶而下和自底而上相结合的建设模式，研究开发了农业科技创新能力综合评价平台，主要包括：数据采集、指标体系管理、权限管理、科研资源管理和综合评价分析等功能。
③研究创建了用于评价农业科研机构的“综合评价法”。基于建立的指标体系，依次实施数据采集—标准化处理—权重确定—建立模型—指数计算—比较分析等步骤，通过综合评价和分类排序能够突出评价对象之间的可比性，为决策部门提供可靠的数据支持和技术手段，进而提升科研管理的效率和质量。
In the context of knowledgeeconomic globalization, innovation capacity of science and technologyhas become the dominant factors of economic development of a country. At the same time, it hasbecome one of the main factors of deciding the country’s future and destiny gradually. Only byimproving the independent innovation capacity strategic commanding heights can be captured in thecompetition of international science and technology. The national science and technology innovationsystem is the important supporting power of the construction of national innovation capacity, and theresearch instituation is one of the main bodies of this system. Turthernore, agricultural technologicalinnovation is the driving force of agricultural rapid development.
The level of independent innovation capacity of agricultural research instituations pertains to theadvancement of national agricultural science and technology and the approaches for modern agriculturaldevelopment. The system of dependent innovation capability of agricultural research instituations is ahuge complex with multiple subsystems regerring to different categories of capability. In light ofscientific theories on system and management, the process of agricultural science and technologyinnovation is analyzed, and the innovation factors are explicated, and an evaluation index system modelon independent innovation capability based on a comprehensive analysis on current situation inagricultural research instituations in China. Using the analysis of system, analytic hierarchy process,expert eatimate method and Delphi method and so on are adopted sufficiently and flexibly to constructthe “comprehensive index evaluation method” to evaluste the agricultural research instituations. Moderninformation technologies are used to develop a platform to evaluate the innovation capability which is ascientific and easy softwarte tool suppting the decision makers. At last, the national-level agriculturalscientific research instituations are evaluated and according the results, the instituations are divided intofive types which are science and technology innovation style, science innovation style, technologyinnovation style, and management dominated style and comparative inferiority style. Finally, a lot ofmanagements and measures aimed at every style insituation are put forward which offered adecision-making basis fot the government.
This paper studies on the innovation explorative in the following respects:
（1）The distinction of definitions of agricultural science and technology innovation is put forward.This is the theoretical base and logical starting point. Science and technology innovation, agriculturalscience and technology innovation, agricultural innovation factors and the process of innovation areanalyzed which are the study basis of this paper.
（2）The evaluation index system of indeopendent innovation capability for agricultural researchinstituations is illustrated. The paper builds a three-level evaluation system for scientific researchperformance to scientific innovation ability, achievement performance, talent team developemt andachievement transformation in absolute balues. The evaluation system gives consideration to therelations between qualification and quantification, process and results, sTableility and dynamics.
（3）The comprehensive index evaluation method is put forward to evaluate the innovationcapability of agricultural research instituations. In view of illusted index system, the process of datacollection-normalization-weight definition-model building-index calculation-comparative analysis isdone in turn. Through comprehensive evaluation and classification of sorting can highlight thecomparability between the evaluation objects, supporting reliable data support for the decision-makingdepartments and technical means and raising the efficiency and quality of scientific researchmanagement.
农业科研机构自主创新能力的强弱，直接关乎国家农业科技进步水平和现代农业发展的方式，而农业科技创新能力是一个由多种能力子系统组和而成的复杂系统。本文立足系统科学和管理科学理论，分析了农业科技创新过程，确定了创新要素，构建了适合农业科研机构的评价指标体系和评价模型。运用系统分析的思路，充分灵活采用层析分析法、专家估测法、德尔菲法等，创建了适合我国农业科研机构的“综合指数评价法”。采用现代信息技术，研发了基于多源数据的农业科技创新评价分析平台，为决策者提供一个科学、便捷的软件工具。最后利用该平台将评价指标体系应用于国家级农业科研机构的评价，并根据评价结果将科研机构划分为科技创新型、科学创新型、技术创新型、基础实力型等四种类型，最后针对每种类型提出了相应的管理措施。
本论文在以下几个方面进行了创新性探索研究：
综合分析了农业科技创新的概念和内涵。这是本文的理论基础和逻辑起点，将对有关科技创新、农业科技创新、农业科技创新要素以及农业科技创新活动进行分析，从而为本文提供一个分析研究的基础。
①研究构建了农业科技创新能力评价指标体系。基于指标体系的设计原则和内涵诠释，构建了三级指标，兼顾了指标间定性和定量、过程与结果、静态与动态的关系，能够灵活反映各农业科研机构的科技创新能力、成果产出绩效、人才队伍建设以及成果转化效果。
②研发了基于多源数据的农业科技创新能力综合评价平台。结合目前农业科研机构知识资产组织、保存和管理的现状，根据科研工作流程特点，联系客观实际提出了自顶而下和自底而上相结合的建设模式，研究开发了农业科技创新能力综合评价平台，主要包括：数据采集、指标体系管理、权限管理、科研资源管理和综合评价分析等功能。
③研究创建了用于评价农业科研机构的“综合评价法”。基于建立的指标体系，依次实施数据采集—标准化处理—权重确定—建立模型—指数计算—比较分析等步骤，通过综合评价和分类排序能够突出评价对象之间的可比性，为决策部门提供可靠的数据支持和技术手段，进而提升科研管理的效率和质量。
In the context of knowledgeeconomic globalization, innovation capacity of science and technologyhas become the dominant factors of economic development of a country. At the same time, it hasbecome one of the main factors of deciding the country’s future and destiny gradually. Only byimproving the independent innovation capacity strategic commanding heights can be captured in thecompetition of international science and technology. The national science and technology innovationsystem is the important supporting power of the construction of national innovation capacity, and theresearch instituation is one of the main bodies of this system. Turthernore, agricultural technologicalinnovation is the driving force of agricultural rapid development.
The level of independent innovation capacity of agricultural research instituations pertains to theadvancement of national agricultural science and technology and the approaches for modern agriculturaldevelopment. The system of dependent innovation capability of agricultural research instituations is ahuge complex with multiple subsystems regerring to different categories of capability. In light ofscientific theories on system and management, the process of agricultural science and technologyinnovation is analyzed, and the innovation factors are explicated, and an evaluation index system modelon independent innovation capability based on a comprehensive analysis on current situation inagricultural research instituations in China. Using the analysis of system, analytic hierarchy process,expert eatimate method and Delphi method and so on are adopted sufficiently and flexibly to constructthe “comprehensive index evaluation method” to evaluste the agricultural research instituations. Moderninformation technologies are used to develop a platform to evaluate the innovation capability which is ascientific and easy softwarte tool suppting the decision makers. At last, the national-level agriculturalscientific research instituations are evaluated and according the results, the instituations are divided intofive types which are science and technology innovation style, science innovation style, technologyinnovation style, and management dominated style and comparative inferiority style. Finally, a lot ofmanagements and measures aimed at every style insituation are put forward which offered adecision-making basis fot the government.
This paper studies on the innovation explorative in the following respects:
（1）The distinction of definitions of agricultural science and technology innovation is put forward.This is the theoretical base and logical starting point. Science and technology innovation, agriculturalscience and technology innovation, agricultural innovation factors and the process of innovation areanalyzed which are the study basis of this paper.
（2）The evaluation index system of indeopendent innovation capability for agricultural researchinstituations is illustrated. The paper builds a three-level evaluation system for scientific researchperformance to scientific innovation ability, achievement performance, talent team developemt andachievement transformation in absolute balues. The evaluation system gives consideration to therelations between qualification and quantification, process and results, sTableility and dynamics.
（3）The comprehensive index evaluation method is put forward to evaluate the innovationcapability of agricultural research instituations. In view of illusted index system, the process of datacollection-normalization-weight definition-model building-index calculation-comparative analysis isdone in turn. Through comprehensive evaluation and classification of sorting can highlight thecomparability between the evaluation objects, supporting reliable data support for the decision-makingdepartments and technical means and raising the efficiency and quality of scientific researchmanagement.
引文
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