以太网在工业控制中的应用研究
摘要
工业网络经过近30年的发展，从基于模拟信号的DCS系统到数字化的现场总线系统，给工业自动化带来了一场革命，但现场总线的国际标准推出缓慢，并且同时有十来种总线成为国际标准，不同总线之间不能互连、互操作，实际等于没有现场总线标准。随着Internet等信息技术的发展，要求企业从管理层到现场控制层能实现全面的无缝信息集成，提供一个开放的基础构架，由于以太网的广泛应用，原本用于办公室和商业的以太网逐渐进入了控制领域，有即将成为工业控制领域统一标准的趋势。本文根据工业控制系统的要求，研究并讨论了将传统以太网移植到工业控制领域所必须解决的实时控制性、网络安全性等关键技术问题，并设计了一个用于工业现场的低功耗现场设备平台。
本文的主要内容包括：
1．介绍了以太网的发展历程，以及以太网用于工业控制领域的优势及其发展趋势。
2．通过对当前工业控制系统的研究，结合工业控制现场的实际情况，设计了具有双冗余环结构的现场以太网结构，能够在较短时间内完成故障探测和修复。
3．对以太网的实时能力和影响实时性的因素进行了分析，并提出了改善和解决实时性的一些措施，针对工业控制网络的安全性要求，给出了实现网络安全的一些初步方法。
4．根据现场设备的要求，设计了低功耗并具有以太网通信功能的现场设备硬件平台，利用功能强大的处理器，还具有modem通讯、SPI总线和数据采集功能，并介绍了uClinux的移植过程。
5．详细介绍了嵌入式系统的软硬件调试方法，本电路系统引导程序的编写和操作系统的移植以及初始化代码的步骤。
工业以太网以其开放的特性和结构化的设计，在工业控制领域必有很好的应用前景，嵌入式系统的开发和应用正在工业领域不断开展，相信随着一些关键问题的解决，结合这两者的研究成果将会在工业控制领域广泛应用，并产生良好的经济效益。
In the past 30 years,industrial network has been developed from analog-signal-based DCS system to Fieldbus control system (PCS) which is digital. Fieldbus indeed had brought a revolution in industrial automation. But the international standards of fieldbus were carried out so slowly,and about ten kinds of fieldbuses became international standards at the same time. The diversity of communication protocols of fieldbus makes it impossible to interconnection and inter operation among different kinds of fieldbus products,so many international standards are as no international standards. With the development of information technology such as Internet,the ability of seamless integration between management layer and field control layer is required as well as an open infrastructure. Ethernet,which is used in office and commercial environment,has gradually entered the industrial control field,and will become the international standard of industrial control field. According to the requirement of industrial control syst
em,we discuss the key technical problems that must be solved in porting the traditional Ethernet to industrial control field such as real-time control and network security,at last,design a device platform that may be used in industrial fields.
The main contents of this thesis is as follows:
1. This thesis introduces the history of the development of Ethernet,the advantage and develop trends of application of Ethernet in industrial control field."
2. Through the study of current industrial control system and the actual status of industrial control field,design an Ethernet structure used in industrial field with double redundancy ring.
3. Analysis the real-time attribution and factors that affect the real-time attribution,provide some method to improve or solve the real-time attribution,also put forward some method to implement network security for the requirement of security of the industrial control network.
4. Design the field device platform with low power and Ethernet,make use of the powerful CPU this hardware also has some other functions such as communication with modem' s bus and collect field data.
5. The method of debug hardware/software of embedded system is described in detail,discuss the steps of booting code,the porting of operate system,initial code.
We believe that industrial Ethernet will have a bright future in industrial control field,the development and application of embedded system will more deeply. Along with the resolve of key technology problems,the products combine with these two technologies will be used more and more broadly.
本文的主要内容包括：
1．介绍了以太网的发展历程，以及以太网用于工业控制领域的优势及其发展趋势。
2．通过对当前工业控制系统的研究，结合工业控制现场的实际情况，设计了具有双冗余环结构的现场以太网结构，能够在较短时间内完成故障探测和修复。
3．对以太网的实时能力和影响实时性的因素进行了分析，并提出了改善和解决实时性的一些措施，针对工业控制网络的安全性要求，给出了实现网络安全的一些初步方法。
4．根据现场设备的要求，设计了低功耗并具有以太网通信功能的现场设备硬件平台，利用功能强大的处理器，还具有modem通讯、SPI总线和数据采集功能，并介绍了uClinux的移植过程。
5．详细介绍了嵌入式系统的软硬件调试方法，本电路系统引导程序的编写和操作系统的移植以及初始化代码的步骤。
工业以太网以其开放的特性和结构化的设计，在工业控制领域必有很好的应用前景，嵌入式系统的开发和应用正在工业领域不断开展，相信随着一些关键问题的解决，结合这两者的研究成果将会在工业控制领域广泛应用，并产生良好的经济效益。
In the past 30 years,industrial network has been developed from analog-signal-based DCS system to Fieldbus control system (PCS) which is digital. Fieldbus indeed had brought a revolution in industrial automation. But the international standards of fieldbus were carried out so slowly,and about ten kinds of fieldbuses became international standards at the same time. The diversity of communication protocols of fieldbus makes it impossible to interconnection and inter operation among different kinds of fieldbus products,so many international standards are as no international standards. With the development of information technology such as Internet,the ability of seamless integration between management layer and field control layer is required as well as an open infrastructure. Ethernet,which is used in office and commercial environment,has gradually entered the industrial control field,and will become the international standard of industrial control field. According to the requirement of industrial control syst
em,we discuss the key technical problems that must be solved in porting the traditional Ethernet to industrial control field such as real-time control and network security,at last,design a device platform that may be used in industrial fields.
The main contents of this thesis is as follows:
1. This thesis introduces the history of the development of Ethernet,the advantage and develop trends of application of Ethernet in industrial control field."
2. Through the study of current industrial control system and the actual status of industrial control field,design an Ethernet structure used in industrial field with double redundancy ring.
3. Analysis the real-time attribution and factors that affect the real-time attribution,provide some method to improve or solve the real-time attribution,also put forward some method to implement network security for the requirement of security of the industrial control network.
4. Design the field device platform with low power and Ethernet,make use of the powerful CPU this hardware also has some other functions such as communication with modem' s bus and collect field data.
5. The method of debug hardware/software of embedded system is described in detail,discuss the steps of booting code,the porting of operate system,initial code.
We believe that industrial Ethernet will have a bright future in industrial control field,the development and application of embedded system will more deeply. Along with the resolve of key technology problems,the products combine with these two technologies will be used more and more broadly.
引文
[1]Andrew S. Tanenbaum. 熊桂喜，王小虎译．计算机网络北京：清华大学出版社，1998．
[2]张绍诚．计算机通信网络北京：北京理大学出版社，1990．
[3]沈鑫剡．交换式以太网原理、技术及实现北京：人民邮电出版社，1999．
[4]阳宪惠．现场总线技术及应用北京：清华大学出版社，1999．
[5]陈积明等．工业以太网的研究现状及展望 化工自动化及仪表，2001，12．
[6]冯永红，朱善君．裁剪 linux 技术分析 沈绪榜2001嵌入式系统及单片机国际学术交流会论文集 北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2001
[7]刘燕英．嵌入式 linux 的实现及应用沈绪榜2001嵌入式系统及单片机国际学术流会论文集 北京：航空航天大学出版社，2001
[8]马忠梅，马广云等．ARM嵌入式处理器结构与应用基础 北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2002．1
[9]张星烨，须文波．基于 LINUX 的嵌入式系统在测控系统中的设计与应用
[10]徐皑冬，王宏，杨志家，基于以太网的工业控制网络，信息与控制，2000．04
[11]李嘉，杨佃福，引入以太网技术是现场总线技术发展的一个必然趋势，自动化仪表，2001．5
[12]Jonas Berge, Ethernet in Process Control, Industry Ethernet Book, Issue 3, http://www. industrial-networking. com
[13]Tony Kinsella, Richard Hirschmann Electronics UK, Ethernet in Industrial Automation - Today and Tomorrow
[14]IAONA-Industrial Automation Networking Alliance, USA, http://www. iaona. com/
[15]um_s3c44box_rev, pdf http://www. samaungsemiconductor. com
[16]D3241100. pdf http://www. samaungsemiconductor. com
[17]汪叶斌，赵继敏．ARM CPU S3C44BOX 在水表智能抄表系统中的应用．电子技术应用，2001，27(9)：28～30
[18]ARM Limited. ARMTTDMI(ReV4) Technical Reference Manual.
[19]王京林，岳春生，张海英．ARM7 在嵌入式应用中启动程序的实现．计算机与信息技术，2000．10
[20]华恒公司网站 http://www.hhcn.org
[21)王学龙．嵌入式linux系统设计与应用 北京：清华大学出版社，2001
[22]邹思轶．嵌入式linux设计与应用 北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[23]Rajesh palani．LINUX Porting Guide
[24]Daniel P. Bovet, Marco Cesati, Understanding the Linux Kernel, 1st Edition, October 2000
[25]Alessandro Rubini. Kernel Configuration: dealing with the unexpected
[26]陈莉君．Linux 操作系统内核分析 北京：人民邮电出版社 2000
作者在硕士期间发表的论文：
叶丰桥，黄海 UC/OS-Ⅱ在 51XA 上的移植应用，工业控制计算机，2002—10
叶丰桥，冯冬芹，黄海 FF 的系统管理内核及实现，自动化仪表，2002—02
[2]张绍诚．计算机通信网络北京：北京理大学出版社，1990．
[3]沈鑫剡．交换式以太网原理、技术及实现北京：人民邮电出版社，1999．
[4]阳宪惠．现场总线技术及应用北京：清华大学出版社，1999．
[5]陈积明等．工业以太网的研究现状及展望 化工自动化及仪表，2001，12．
[6]冯永红，朱善君．裁剪 linux 技术分析 沈绪榜2001嵌入式系统及单片机国际学术交流会论文集 北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2001
[7]刘燕英．嵌入式 linux 的实现及应用沈绪榜2001嵌入式系统及单片机国际学术流会论文集 北京：航空航天大学出版社，2001
[8]马忠梅，马广云等．ARM嵌入式处理器结构与应用基础 北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2002．1
[9]张星烨，须文波．基于 LINUX 的嵌入式系统在测控系统中的设计与应用
[10]徐皑冬，王宏，杨志家，基于以太网的工业控制网络，信息与控制，2000．04
[11]李嘉，杨佃福，引入以太网技术是现场总线技术发展的一个必然趋势，自动化仪表，2001．5
[12]Jonas Berge, Ethernet in Process Control, Industry Ethernet Book, Issue 3, http://www. industrial-networking. com
[13]Tony Kinsella, Richard Hirschmann Electronics UK, Ethernet in Industrial Automation - Today and Tomorrow
[14]IAONA-Industrial Automation Networking Alliance, USA, http://www. iaona. com/
[15]um_s3c44box_rev, pdf http://www. samaungsemiconductor. com
[16]D3241100. pdf http://www. samaungsemiconductor. com
[17]汪叶斌，赵继敏．ARM CPU S3C44BOX 在水表智能抄表系统中的应用．电子技术应用，2001，27(9)：28～30
[18]ARM Limited. ARMTTDMI(ReV4) Technical Reference Manual.
[19]王京林，岳春生，张海英．ARM7 在嵌入式应用中启动程序的实现．计算机与信息技术，2000．10
[20]华恒公司网站 http://www.hhcn.org
[21)王学龙．嵌入式linux系统设计与应用 北京：清华大学出版社，2001
[22]邹思轶．嵌入式linux设计与应用 北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[23]Rajesh palani．LINUX Porting Guide
[24]Daniel P. Bovet, Marco Cesati, Understanding the Linux Kernel, 1st Edition, October 2000
[25]Alessandro Rubini. Kernel Configuration: dealing with the unexpected
[26]陈莉君．Linux 操作系统内核分析 北京：人民邮电出版社 2000
作者在硕士期间发表的论文：
叶丰桥，黄海 UC/OS-Ⅱ在 51XA 上的移植应用，工业控制计算机，2002—10
叶丰桥，冯冬芹，黄海 FF 的系统管理内核及实现，自动化仪表，2002—02
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