基于问题解决视角的企业市场进入的战略决策模式研究
|
摘要
当前商业环境中新产品市场的不断涌现对于所有企业的生存和发展来说既是机遇又是挑战,即无论是在位企业还是潜在的创业型企业都需要考虑如何在适当的时间进入到相应的市场中,而这些战略决策的制定将是企业获取竞争优势的重要来源。以往研究在资源基础观的视角下关注于市场进入者战略决策的具体内容,即进入时机的选择和对先前经验的运用如何导致各种不同类型的市场进入者的绩效差异,这些研究的局限性在于涉及过多的研究变量而使得实证结果往往缺乏一般性。基于此,本文选择了行为决策理论作为整合和拓展市场进入研究的理论基础,以市场进入者的战略决策制定过程对组织绩效的影响为研究的分析主线,并将与先前经验有关的企业知识基础和与进入时机有关的市场环境特征分别作为这一作用关系的前因变量和调节变量,逐步开展从理论探索到实证检验的一系列相互依存的研究。
在行为决策理论的问题解决视角下,本文提出的理论框架借助于人类问题解决中的核心概念“启发式”来阐释市场进入者的战略决策制定过程,即依据认知理学中的各项研究范式界定了两种类别的启发式,继而在组织层面将其分别与遵循“习惯逻辑”和“理性逻辑”的决策制定过程相关联,并且假定这些过程会受到企业基于先前经验的陈述性记忆和程序性记忆的作用以及相应的知识类型的影响。
子研究一是一项仿真研究,在上述理论框架的基础上将市场进入者按照不同的问题解决方式划分为四种类型,并通过借鉴和拓展Gavetti和Levinthal (2000)的仿真模型模拟了组织层面的陈述性记忆、程序性记忆以及由这两种记忆系统驱动的启发式决策制定过程,仿真实验结果显示不同类型的市场进入者会在同一市场中获得不同的绩效水平,在短期按照绩效高低依次是专家、理论家、熟手和新手,而在长期则是理论家、专家、新手和熟手。
子研究二是一项案例研究,进一步将市场进入者的战略决策制定过程看作是由问题表征和解决方案搜索两个阶段构成,以此利用探索性案例研究方法对两家企业进行深度访谈而获取了七项市场进入的案例样本,并通过多案例的比较和分析刻画了战略决策制定过程中与不同类别启发式相关的各项过程维度即知觉性表征、分析性表征、直觉性搜索和系统性搜索,从而将这些过程维度两两组合形成的战略决策制定过程界定为以不同的问题解决方式为特征的四种战略决策模式。
子研究三是一项问卷调查研究,首先,出于研究整合的目的,从以上两个子研究中提取相关的研究变量构建了一项检验市场进入者知识基础、战略决策模式、市场环境特征和组织绩效之间影响关系的实证模型,并提出了相应的研究假设；接着,开发设计了基于本文理论框架的市场进入者战略决策模式的测量量表,结合其它变量的成熟量表对259家企业的市场进入行为进行了问卷调查和数据分析。研究结果表明,市场进入者知识基础的宽度、深度和集中度会通过作用于战略决策模式的选择而影响其在市场中的组织绩效,而市场环境的动态性、复杂性和宽松性则在战略决策模式和组织绩效之间具有一定的调节效应。
In the context of current business environment, the increasingly emerging new markets bring both opportunities and challenges for the survival and development of all types of firms that how to entry the corresponding market at the right time should be considered by both incumbent firms or potential start-up firms, while these strategic decisions are important source of the competitive advantages for them. The previous studies using the RBV perspective have focused on the specific content of market entrants'strategic decisions that how the performance differences of different types of market entrants are caused by the selection of entry timing and the use of pre-entry experience. However, there are so many variables involved that the empirical results of these studies are lack of universality. As a result, this article made the behavioral decision theory (BDT) as the theoretical foundation to integrate and expand the research of market entry, while took the effect on organizational performance by strategic decision making process of entrants as the main line of analysis. Meanwhile, the firm's knowledge base associated with pre-entry experience and the environmental characteristics related to entry timing were used as the antecedent variable and the moderate variable of this interaction respectively. Then we gradually conducted a series of interdependence studies from theoretical exploration to empirical verification.
Under the problem-solving perspective of behavioral decision theory, the theoretical framework proposed in this article interpret the strategic decision making process of market entrants with the "heuristics" which is the core concept of human problem solving. Accordingly, two classifications of heuristics were identified based on the research paradigms of cognitive psychology, and then respectively related to the decision making processes based on "habit-centered logic" and "rational logic" at the organizational level. And these processes were assumed to be affected by both the declarative memory and procedural memory based on firms' pre-entry experience as well as the corresponding types of knowledge.
Study1was a simulation study that based on the theoretical framework above. The author divided the market entrants into four categories according to different processes of problem solving, and used Gavetti and Levinthal's(2000) model to simulate the declarative memory and procedural memory of organizational level as well as the heuristic decision making processes driven by these two memory systems. The results showed that different type of market entrants would achieve different performance level in the same market. In the short term, the order is expert, theorist, veteran and novice according to the performance from high to low; while in the long term, the order is theorist, expert, novice and veteran.
Study2was a case study that viewed the strategic decision making of market entrants as a two stages'process which is composed of problem representing and solution searching. The author used the exploratory case study method to make the in-depth interviews with two firms and obtain seven case samples of market entry. Through the comparison and analysis of these multiple cases, it revealed the dimensions of the strategic decision making process, including perceptual representing, analytical representing, intuitive searching and systematic searching, which were related to different classifications of heuristics. This article thus identified four strategic decision making patterns each of which was made up of two dimensions mentioned above.
Study3was a questionnaire study. Firstly, for the purpose of integrating studies, an empirical model was established to verify the relationship among market entrants' knowledge base, strategic decision making patterns, characteristics of market environment and organizational performance by extracting related variables from the two studies above, and corresponding theoretical hypotheses were then proposed. Secondly, the author designed the scales of market entrants'strategic decision making patterns based on the theoretical framework of this article, and combined with the mature scales of other variables to conduct the questionnaire survey and data analysis of the market entry behavior of259firms. The result showed that the width, depth and concentration of market entrants'knowledge base would influence their organizational performance in the market by acting on the selection of strategic decision making patterns, while the dynamic, complexity and munificence of the market environment had a moderating effect between strategic decision making patterns and organizational performance.
在行为决策理论的问题解决视角下,本文提出的理论框架借助于人类问题解决中的核心概念“启发式”来阐释市场进入者的战略决策制定过程,即依据认知理学中的各项研究范式界定了两种类别的启发式,继而在组织层面将其分别与遵循“习惯逻辑”和“理性逻辑”的决策制定过程相关联,并且假定这些过程会受到企业基于先前经验的陈述性记忆和程序性记忆的作用以及相应的知识类型的影响。
子研究一是一项仿真研究,在上述理论框架的基础上将市场进入者按照不同的问题解决方式划分为四种类型,并通过借鉴和拓展Gavetti和Levinthal (2000)的仿真模型模拟了组织层面的陈述性记忆、程序性记忆以及由这两种记忆系统驱动的启发式决策制定过程,仿真实验结果显示不同类型的市场进入者会在同一市场中获得不同的绩效水平,在短期按照绩效高低依次是专家、理论家、熟手和新手,而在长期则是理论家、专家、新手和熟手。
子研究二是一项案例研究,进一步将市场进入者的战略决策制定过程看作是由问题表征和解决方案搜索两个阶段构成,以此利用探索性案例研究方法对两家企业进行深度访谈而获取了七项市场进入的案例样本,并通过多案例的比较和分析刻画了战略决策制定过程中与不同类别启发式相关的各项过程维度即知觉性表征、分析性表征、直觉性搜索和系统性搜索,从而将这些过程维度两两组合形成的战略决策制定过程界定为以不同的问题解决方式为特征的四种战略决策模式。
子研究三是一项问卷调查研究,首先,出于研究整合的目的,从以上两个子研究中提取相关的研究变量构建了一项检验市场进入者知识基础、战略决策模式、市场环境特征和组织绩效之间影响关系的实证模型,并提出了相应的研究假设；接着,开发设计了基于本文理论框架的市场进入者战略决策模式的测量量表,结合其它变量的成熟量表对259家企业的市场进入行为进行了问卷调查和数据分析。研究结果表明,市场进入者知识基础的宽度、深度和集中度会通过作用于战略决策模式的选择而影响其在市场中的组织绩效,而市场环境的动态性、复杂性和宽松性则在战略决策模式和组织绩效之间具有一定的调节效应。
In the context of current business environment, the increasingly emerging new markets bring both opportunities and challenges for the survival and development of all types of firms that how to entry the corresponding market at the right time should be considered by both incumbent firms or potential start-up firms, while these strategic decisions are important source of the competitive advantages for them. The previous studies using the RBV perspective have focused on the specific content of market entrants'strategic decisions that how the performance differences of different types of market entrants are caused by the selection of entry timing and the use of pre-entry experience. However, there are so many variables involved that the empirical results of these studies are lack of universality. As a result, this article made the behavioral decision theory (BDT) as the theoretical foundation to integrate and expand the research of market entry, while took the effect on organizational performance by strategic decision making process of entrants as the main line of analysis. Meanwhile, the firm's knowledge base associated with pre-entry experience and the environmental characteristics related to entry timing were used as the antecedent variable and the moderate variable of this interaction respectively. Then we gradually conducted a series of interdependence studies from theoretical exploration to empirical verification.
Under the problem-solving perspective of behavioral decision theory, the theoretical framework proposed in this article interpret the strategic decision making process of market entrants with the "heuristics" which is the core concept of human problem solving. Accordingly, two classifications of heuristics were identified based on the research paradigms of cognitive psychology, and then respectively related to the decision making processes based on "habit-centered logic" and "rational logic" at the organizational level. And these processes were assumed to be affected by both the declarative memory and procedural memory based on firms' pre-entry experience as well as the corresponding types of knowledge.
Study1was a simulation study that based on the theoretical framework above. The author divided the market entrants into four categories according to different processes of problem solving, and used Gavetti and Levinthal's(2000) model to simulate the declarative memory and procedural memory of organizational level as well as the heuristic decision making processes driven by these two memory systems. The results showed that different type of market entrants would achieve different performance level in the same market. In the short term, the order is expert, theorist, veteran and novice according to the performance from high to low; while in the long term, the order is theorist, expert, novice and veteran.
Study2was a case study that viewed the strategic decision making of market entrants as a two stages'process which is composed of problem representing and solution searching. The author used the exploratory case study method to make the in-depth interviews with two firms and obtain seven case samples of market entry. Through the comparison and analysis of these multiple cases, it revealed the dimensions of the strategic decision making process, including perceptual representing, analytical representing, intuitive searching and systematic searching, which were related to different classifications of heuristics. This article thus identified four strategic decision making patterns each of which was made up of two dimensions mentioned above.
Study3was a questionnaire study. Firstly, for the purpose of integrating studies, an empirical model was established to verify the relationship among market entrants' knowledge base, strategic decision making patterns, characteristics of market environment and organizational performance by extracting related variables from the two studies above, and corresponding theoretical hypotheses were then proposed. Secondly, the author designed the scales of market entrants'strategic decision making patterns based on the theoretical framework of this article, and combined with the mature scales of other variables to conduct the questionnaire survey and data analysis of the market entry behavior of259firms. The result showed that the width, depth and concentration of market entrants'knowledge base would influence their organizational performance in the market by acting on the selection of strategic decision making patterns, while the dynamic, complexity and munificence of the market environment had a moderating effect between strategic decision making patterns and organizational performance.
引文
[1]Agarwal, R. Survival of Firms over the Product Life Cycle. Southern Economic Journal 1997.63(3),571-584.
[2]Agarwal, R., Echambadi, R., Franco, A. M.& Sarkar, M. B. Knowledge transfer through inheritance:Spinout generation, development, and survival. Academy of Management Journal,2004,47(4),501-522.
[3]Aldrich, H. Organizations Evolving. Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage,1999.
[4]Aldrich, H. E.& Fiol, C. M. Fools Rush in? The Institutional Context of Industry Creation. The Academy of Management Review,1994,19(4),645-670.
[5]Amason, A. C. Distinguishing the Effects of Functional and Dysfunctional Conflict on Strategic Decision Making:Resolving a Paradox for Top Management Teams. Academy of Management Journal,1996,39(1).123-148.
[6]Amason, A. C.& Sapienza, H. J. The Effects of Top Management Team Size and interaction Norms on Cognitive and Affective Conflict. Journal of Management. 1997,23(4).495-516.
[7]Amit, R.& Schoemaker. P. J. H. Strategic assets and organizational rent. Strategic Management Journal.1993.14(1).33-46.
[8]Anand. B.& Khanna. T. Do firms learn to create value? The case of alliances. Strategic Management Journal,2000,21(3).295-315.
[9]Andersen. T. J. Integrating Decentralized Strategy Making and Strategic Planning Processes in Dynamic Environments. Journal of Management Studies.2004. 41(8),1271-1299.
[10]Anderson, P.& Tushman, M. L. Technological Discontinuities and Dominant Designs:A Cyclical Model of Technological Change. Administrative Science Quarterly,1990.35(4).604-633.
[11]Andrews. K. R. The Concept of Corporate Strategy. Homewood. IL:Dow-Jones Irwin.1971.
[12]Argote. L.& Greve. H. R. A Behavioral Theory of the Firm-40 Years and Counting:Introduction and Impact. Organization Science.2007.18(3).337-349.
[13]Argote. L.& Miron-Spektor. E. Organizational Learning:From Experience to Knowledge. Organization Science,2011, orsc.1100.0621.
[14]Argyres. N. Capabilities. Technological Diversification and Divisionalization. Strategic Management Journal,1996,17(5),395-410.
[15]Arthur, W. B. Increasing returns and the new world of business. Harvard Business Review,1996,74(4),100-109.
[16]Ashmos, D. P., Duchon, D.& McDaniel, R. R., Jr. Participation in strategic decision making:The role of organizational predisposition and issue interpretation. Decision Sciences,1998,29(1),25-51.
[17]Ashmos, D. P.& McDaniel, R. R., Jr. Understanding the participation of critical task specialists in strategic decision making. Decision Sciences,1996,27(1), 103.
[18]Atuahene-Gima, K.& Li, H. Strategic Decision Comprehensiveness and New Product Development Outcomes in New Technology Ventures. The Academy of Management Journal,2004,47(4),583-597.
[19]Audia, P. G, Locke, E. A.& Smith, K. G. The Paradox of Success:An Archival and a Laboratory Study of Strategic Persistence Following Radical Environmental Change. Academy of Management Journal,2000,43(5), 837-853.
[20]Bain, J. S. Barriers to New Competition:Their Character and Consequences in Manufacturing Industries. Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press,1956.
[21]Baker Jr, F. E. Strategic planning in a U.S. Federal Agency. Long Range Planning, 1992,25(5),73-79.
[22]Balakrishnan, R., Hansen, S.& Labro, E. Evaluating Heuristics Used When Designing Product Costing Systems. Management Science,2011,57(3), 520-541.
[23]Bamford, C. E., Dean, T. J.& McDougall, P. P. An examination of the impact of initial founding conditions and decisions upon the performance of new bank start-ups. Journal of Business Venturing,2000,15(3),253-277.
[24]Barnes, J. H., Jr. Cognitive Biases and Their Impact on Strategic Planning. Strategic Management Journal,1984,5(2),129-137.
[25]Barnett, W. P.& Carroll, G. R. Modeling Internal Organizational Change. Annual Review of Sociology,1995,21(ArticleType:research-article/Full publication date:1995/Copyright(?)1995 Annual Reviews),217-236.
[26]Barnett, W. P.& Freeman, J. Too Much of a Good Thing? Product Proliferation and Organizational Failure. Organization Science,2001,12(5),539-558.
[27]Barnett, W. P.& Hansen, M. T. The Red Queen in Organizational Evolution. Strategic Management Journal,1996,17(ArticleType:research-article/Issue Title:Special Issue:Evolutionary Perspectives on Strategy/Full publication date:Summer,1996/Copyright(?)1996 Wiley),139-157.
[28]Barney, J. Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management.1991,17(1).99-120.
[29]Barney, J., Wright, M.& Ketchen, D. J. The resource-based view of the firm:Ten years after 1991. Journal of Management,2001,27(6),625-641.
[30]Baron, R. M.& Kenny, D. A. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research:conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology,1986,51(6),1173-1182.
[31]Barr, P. S. Adapting to Unfamiliar Environmental Events:A Look at the Evolution of Interpretation and Its Role in Strategic Change. Organization Science,1998,9(6),644-669.
[32]Barry, L. B.& Rajshree, A. The Role of Pre-Entry Experience, Entry Timing, and Product Technology Strategies in Explaining Firm Survival. Management Science,2007.53(12).1887-1902.
[33]Baum. J. A. C. Li, S. X.& Usher, J. M. Making the Next Move:How Experiential and Vicarious Learning Shape the Locations of Chains'Acquisitions. Administrative Science Quarterly.2000,45(4).766-801.
[34]Baum. J. R.& Wally, S. Strategic Decision Speed and Firm Performance. Strategic Management Journal,2003,24(11),1107-1129.
[35]Becker. M. C.& Knudsen. T. The role of routines in reducing pervasive uncertainty. Journal of Business Research,2005,58(6).746-757.
[36]Beckman, C. M.& Burton, M. D. Founding the Future:Path Dependence in the Evolution of Top Management Teams from Founding to IPO. Organization Science,2008,19(1).3-24.
[37]Bhide, A. The Origin and Evolution of New Businesses. New York:Oxford University Press,2000.
[38]Benner, M. J.& Tripsas, M. The influence of prior industry affiliation on framing in nascent industries:the evolution of digital cameras. Strategic Management Journal.2012.33(3).277-302.
[39]Berg. B. L. Qualitative research methods for the social scienee.Thousand Oaks. CA:Sage.2005.
[40]Berry, M. Strategic planning in small high tech companies. Long Range Planning. 1998,31(3),455-466.
[41]Bettis, R. A.& Prahalad, C. K. The Dominant Logic:Retrospective and Extension. Strategic Management Journal,1995,16(1),5-14.
[42]Bhide, A. How entrepreneurs craft strategies that work. Harvard Business Review,1994,72(2),150-161.
[43]Bierly, P.& Chakrabarti, A. Generic Knowledge Strategies in the U.S. Pharmaceutical Industry. Strategic Management Journal,1996,17(ArticleType: research-article/Issue Title:Special Issue:Knowledge and the Firm/Full publication date:Winter,1996/Copyright (?) 1996 Wiley),123-135.
[44]Bingham, C. B.& Eisenhardt, K. M. Rational heuristics:the'simple rules'that strategists learn from process experience. Strategic Management Journal,2011, 32(13),1437-1464.
[45]Binmore, K. Rational Decisions. Princeton, NJ:Princeton University Press, 2009.
[46]Boeker, W. Strategic Change:The Effects of Founding and History. The Academy of Management Journal,1989,32(3),489-515.
[47]Bogner, W. C.& Barr, P. S. Making Sense in Hypercompetitive Environments:A Cognitive Explanation for the Persistence of High Velocity Competition. Organization Science,2000,11(2),212-226.
[48]Bolton, M. K. Imitation versus innovation:Lessons to be learned from the Japanese. Organizational Dynamics,1993,21(3),30-45.
[49]Boulding, W.& Christen, M. Sustainable Pioneering Advantage? Profit Implications of Market Entry Order. Marketing Science,2003,22(3),371-392.
[50]Bourgeois, L. J., Ⅲ & Eisenhardt, K. M. Strategic Decision Processes in High Velocity Environments:Four Cases in the Microcomputer Industry. Management Science,1988,34(7),816-835.
[51]Bower G. H.& Hilgard E. R. Theories of learning. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall,1981.
[52]Brandenburger, A.& Stuart, H. W. Value-based business strategy. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy,1996,5(1),5-24.
[53]Brittain, J.& Freeman, J. H. Organizational proliferation and density dependent selection. In Kimberly, J.& Miles, M. (Eds.). Organizational life cycles. SanFrancisco:Jossey-Bass,1980.
[54]Bromiley, P. The behavioral foundations of strategic management. Oxford, UK: Blackwell,2005.
[55]Brouthers, K. D., Brouthers, L. E.& Werner, S. Influences on Strategic Decision-making in the Dutch Financial Services Industry. Journal of Management.2000,26(5).863-883.
[56]Bruderl. J., Preisendorfer, P.& Ziegler, R. Survival Chances of Newly Founded Business Organizations. American Sociological Review,1992,57(2).227-242.
[57]Bruderl, J.& Schussler, R. Organizational Mortality:The Liabilities of Newness and Adolescence. Administrative Science Quarterly,1990,35(3),530-547.
[58]Bryman, A. Animating the Pioneer versus Late Entrant Debate:An Historic Case Study. Journal of Management Studies,1997,34(3),415-438.
[59]Burgelman, R. A. Intraorganizational Ecology of Strategy Making and Organizational Adaptation:Theory and Field Research. Organization Science, 1991,2(3),239-262.
[60]Burgelman, R. A. Fading Memories:A Process Theory of Strategic Business Exit in Dynamic Environments. Administrative Science Quarterly,1994,39(1), 24-56.
[61]Busenitz, L. W.& Barney. J. B. Differences between entrepreneurs and managers in large organizations:Biases and heuristics in strategic decision-making. Journal of Business Venturing.1997.12(1).9-30.
[62]Butler. A. B.& Scherer. L. L. The Effects of Elicitation Aids. Knowledge, and Problem Content on Option Quantity and Quality. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes.1997.72(2).184-202.
[63]Cardinal, L. B., Sitkin, S. B.& Long, C. P. Balancing and Rebalancing in the Creation and Evolution of Organizational Control. Organization Science,2004. 15(4),411-431.
[64]Carroll, G. R., Bigelow. L. S., Seidel, M. D. L.& Tsai. L. B. The fates of De Novo and De Alio producers in the American Automobile Industry 1885-1981. Strategic Management Journal,1996,17(S1).117-137.
[65]Castrogiovanni. G. J. Environmental Munihcence; A Theoretical Assessment. Academy of Management Review.1991.16(3).542-565.
[66]Chacar. A. S.& Lieberman. M. B. Organizing for technological innovation in the U.S. pharmaceutical industry. Advances in Strategic Management.2003.20. 299-322.
[67]Chaiken, S.& Trope. Y.(Eds). Dual-process theories in social psychology. New York:Guilford,1999.
[68]Chandler, A. Strategy and Structure. Cambridge, MA:MIT Press,1962.
[69]Chandler, G. N.& Jansen, E. The founder's self-assessed competence and venture performance. Journal of Business Venturing,1992,7(3),223-236.
[70]Chang, S. J. An Evolutionary Perspective on Diversification and Corporate Restructuring:Entry, Exit, and Economic Performance During 1981-89. Strategic Management Journal,1996,17(8),587-611.
[71]Chatterjee, S.& Wernerfelt, B. The Link between Resources and Type of Diversification:Theory and Evidence. Strategic Management Journal,1991, 12(1),33-48.
[72]Chatterji, A. K. Spawned with a silver spoon? Entrepreneurial performance and innovation in the medical device industry. Strategic Management Journal,2009, 30(2),185-206.
[73]Chattopadhyay, P., Glick, W. H.& Huber, G. P. Organizational Actions in Response to Threats and Opportunities. Academy of Management Journal,2001, 44(5),937-955.
[74]Check-Teck, F., Grinyer, P. H.& McKiernan, P. Strategic planning in the ASEAN region. Long Range Planning,1992,25(5),80-90.
[75]Chen, P.-L., Williams, C.& Agarwal, R. Growing pains:Pre-entry experience and the challenge of transition to incumbency. Strategic Management Journal, 2012,33(3),252-276.
[76]Chesbrough, H. W. Environmental influences upon firm entry into new sub-markets:Evidence from the worldwide hard disk drive industry conditionally. Research Policy,2003,32(4),659-678.
[77]Chi, M. T. H., Feltovich, P. J.& Glaser, R. Categorization and Representation of Physics Problems by Experts and Novices*. Cognitive Science,1981,5(2), 121-152.
[78]Child, J. Organizational Structure, Environment and Performance:The Role of Strategic Choice. Sociology,1972,6(1),1-22.
[79]Cho, D.-S., Kim, D.-J.& Rhee, D. K. Latecomer Strategies:Evidence from the Semiconductor Industry in Japan and Korea. Organization Science,1998,9(4), 489-505.
[80]Christensen, C. M. The Innovator's Dilemma. Boston, MA:Harvard Business School Press,1997.
[81]Christensen, C. M.& Bower. J. L. Customer power, strategic investment, and the failure of leading firms. Strategic Management Journal,1996.17(3),197-218.
[82]Christensen, C. M. The Rigid Disk Drive Industry:A History of Commercial and Technological Turbulence. The Business History Review,1993,67(4),531-588.
[83]Clark, K. B.& Fujimoto T. Product Development in the World Automobile Industry. Boston. MA:Harvard Business School Press,1991.
[84]Cockburn, I. M., Henderson, R. M.& Stern, S. Untangling the origins of competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal.2000,21(10-11), 1123-1145.
[85]Cohen, M. D. Reading Dewey:Reflections on the Study of Routine. Organization Studies,2007,28(5),773-786.
[86]Cohen, M. D.& Bacdayan, P. Organizational Routines Are Stored As Procedural Memory:Evidence from a Laboratory Study. Organization Science,1994,5(4), 554-568.
[87]Cohen, J., Cohen, P., et al. Applied regression/correlation analysis for behavioral science. Mahwah. New Jersey:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers,2003.
[88]Cohen, W. M.& Levinthal, D. A. Absorptive Capacity:A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly,1990,35(1). 128-152.
[89]Collier, N., Fishwick, F.& Floyd, S. W. Managerial Involvement and Perceptions of Strategy Process. Long Range Planning,2004,37(1),67-83.
[90]Covin, J. G.& Slevin, D. P. Strategic Management of Small Firms in Hostile and Benign Environments. Strategic Management Journal,1989,10(1),75-87.
[91]Covin, J. G.. Slevin. D. P.& Schultz. R. L. Implementing strategic missions: effective strategic, structural and tactical choices. Journal of Management Studies.1994.31(4),481-505.
[92]Cyert. R. M.& March. J. G. A Behavioral Theory of the Firm. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall.1963.
[93]D'Este, P. How do firms' knowledge bases affect intra-industry heterogeneity?: An analysis of the Spanish pharmaceutical industry. Research Policy.2005. 34(1),33-45.
[94]Daft. R. Organizational Theory and Design. St. Paul, MN:West Publishing, 1989.
[95]Daft, R. L.& Weick. K. E. Toward a Model of Organizations as Interpretation Systems. Academy of Management Review,1984,9(2),284-295.
[96]Dane, E.& Pratt, M. G. Exploring intuition and its role in managerial decision making. Academy of Management Review,2007,32(1),33-54.
[97]Das, T. K.& Teng, B.-S. Cognitive Biases and Strategic Decision Processes:An Integrative Perspective. Journal of Management Studies,1999,36(6),757-778.
[98]Dean, J. W.& Sharfman, M. P. Procedural rationality in the strategic decision-making process. Journal of Management Studies,1993,30(4),587-610.
[99]Dean, J. W., Jr.& Sharfman, M. P. Does Decision Process Matter? A Study of Strategic Decision-Making Effectiveness. The Academy of Management Journal, 1996,39(2),368-396.
[100]Delmar, F.& Shane, S. Does experience matter? The effect of founding team experience on the survival and sales of newly founded ventures. Strategic Organization,2006,4(3),215-247.
[101]Demsetz, H. Barriers to Entry. The American Economic Review,1982,72(1), 47-57.
[102]Dencker, J. C., Gruber, M.& Shah, S. K. Pre-Entry Knowledge, Learning, and the Survival of New Firms. Organization Science,2009,20(3),516-537.
[103]Dess, G. G.& Beard, D. W. Dimensions of Organizational Task Environments. Administrative Science Quarterly,1984,29(1),52-73.
[104]Dooley, R. S.& Fryxell, G. E. Attaining Decision Quality and Commitment From Dissent:The Moderating Effects of Loyalty and Competence in Strategic Decision-Making Teams. Academy of Management Journal,1999,42(4), 389-402.
[105]Dooley, R. S., Fryxell, G. E.& Judge, W. Q. Belaboring the Not-So-Obvious: Consensus, Commitment, and Strategy Implementation Speed and Success. Journal of Management,2000,26(6),1237-1257.
[106]Dosi. G. Technological paradigms and technological trajectories:A suggested interpretation of the determinants and directions of technical change. Research Policy,1982,11(3),147-162.
[107]Do well, G. Product line strategies of new entrants in an established industry: Evidence from the US bicycle industry. Strategic Management Journal,2006, 27(10),959-979.
[108]Do well, G.& Swaminathan, A. Entry timing, exploration, and firm survival in the early US bicycle industry. Strategic Management Journal,2006,27(12), 1159-1182.
[109]Duncan, R. B. Characteristics of Organizational Environments and Perceived Environmental Uncertainty. Administrative Science Quarterly,1972,17(3), 313-327.
[110]Durand. R.& Coeurderoy, R. Age, order of entry, strategic orientation, and organizational performance. Journal of Business Venturing,2001,16(5), 471-494.
[111]Dutton, J. E. Interpretations on automatic:A different view of strategic issue diagnosis. Journal of Management Studies,1993,30(3),339-357.
[112]Dutton, J. E., Fahey, L.& Narayanan, V. K. Toward Understanding Strategic Issue Diagnosis. Strategic Management Journal,1983,4(4),307-323.
[113]Edmondson, A. C.& Mcmanus, S. E. Methodological fit in management field research. Academy of Management Review,2007,32(4),1246-1264.
[114]Edmondson, A. C., Winslow, A. B., Bohmer, R. M. J.& Pisano, G. P. Learning How and Learning What:Effects of Tacit and Codified Knowledge on Performance Improvement Following Technology Adoption. Decision Sciences. 2003.34(2),197-224.
[115]Eisenhardt, K.& Martin, J. Dynamic Capabilities:What Are They? Strategic Management Journal,2000,21(10/11),1105-1121.
[116]Eisenhardt. K. M. Making Fast Strategic Decisions in High-Velocity Environments. The Academy of Management Journal,1989a,32(3),543-576.
[117]Eisenhardt. K. M. Building Theories from Case Study Research. The Academy of Management Review.1989b,14(4).532-550.
[118]Eisenhardt, K. M.& Schoonhoven, C. B. Organizational Growth:Linking Founding Team, Strategy, Environment, and Growth Among U.S. Semiconductor Ventures.1978-1988. Administrative Science Quarterly,1990, 35(3).504-529.
[119]Eisenhardt, K. M.& Tabrizi, B. N. Accelerating Adaptive Processes:Product Innovation in the Global Computer Industry. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1995.40(1).84-110.
[120]Eisenhardt. K. M.& Zbaracki. M. J. Strategic decision making. Strategic Management Journal,1992.13(S2).17-37.
[121]Elbanna. S. Strategic decision-making:Process perspectives. International Journal of Management Reviews.2006.8(1),1-20.
[122]Elbanna, S.& Child, J. Influences on strategic decision effectiveness: Development and test of an integrative model. Strategic Management Journal, 2007,28(4),431-453.
[123]Elenkov, D. S. Strategic Uncertainty and Environmental Scanning:The Case for Institutional Influences on Scanning Behavior. Strategic Management Journal, 1997,18(4),287-302.
[124]Ernst, H. Patent applications and subsequent changes of performance:evidence from time-series cross-section analyses on the firm level. Research Policy,2001, 30(1),143-157.
[125]Evans, D. S. Leighton, L.S. Some empirical aspects of entrepreneurship. American Economic Review,1989,79,519-535.
[126]Evans, J. S. B. T. Dual-Processing Accounts of Reasoning, Judgment, and Social Cognition. Annual Review of Psychology,2008,59(1),255-278.
[127]Farjoun, M.& Lai, L. Similarity Judgments in Strategy Formulation:Role, Process and Implications. Strategic Management Journal,1997,18(4),255-273.
[128]Feeser, H. R.& Willard, G. E. Founding Strategy and Performance:A Comparison of High and Low Growth High Tech Firms. Strategic Management Journal,1990,11(2),87-98.
[129]Feldman, M. S. Order without design. Stanford, CA:Stanford Univeresity Press, 1989.
[130]Feldman, M. S.& Pentland, B. T. Reconceptualizing Organizational Routines as a Source of Flexibility and Change. Administrative Science Quarterly,2003, 48(1),94-118.
[131]Feldman, M. S.& Rafaeli, A. Organizational Routines as Sources of Connections and Understandings. Journal of Management Studies,2002,39(3), 309-331.
[132]Fern, M. J., Cardinal, L. B.& O'Neill, H. M. The genesis of strategy in new ventures:escaping the constraints of founder and team knowledge. Strategic Management Journal,2012,33(4),427-447.
[133]Ferrier, W. J. Navigating the Competitive Landscape:The Drivers and Consequences of Competitive Aggressiveness. Academy of Management Journal, 2001,44(4),858-877.
[134]Finkelstein, S.& Hambrick, D. C. Top-Management-Team Tenure and Organizational Outcomes:The Moderating Role of Managerial Discretion. Administrative Science Quarterly,1990,35(3),484-503.
[135]Finney, R. Z., Lueg, J. E.& Campbell, N. D. Market pioneers, late movers, and the resource-based view (RBV):A conceptual model. Journal of Business Research,2008,61(9),925-932.
[136]Fiol, C. M.& Huff, A. S. Maps for managers:where are we? where do we go from here? Journal of Management Studies,1992,29(3),267-285.
[137]Fiske, S. T.& Taylor, S. E. Social Cognition. New York:McGraw-Hill,1991.
[138]Fleming, L.& Sorenson, O. Technology as a complex adaptive system: evidence from patent data. Research Policy,2001,30(7),1019-1039.
[139]Forbes, D. P. Managerial Determinants of Decision Speed in New Ventures. Strategic Management Journal,2005,26(4),355-366.
[140]Forbes, D. P.& Milliken, F. J. Cognition and Corporate Governance: Understanding Boards of Directors as Strategic Decision-Making Groups. Academy of Management Review,1999,24(3),489-505.
[141]Ford, C. M.& Gioia, D. A. Factors Influencing Creativity in the Domain of Managerial Decision Making. Journal of Management,2000,26(4),705-732.
[142]Ford, J. D.& Baucus, D. A. Organizational Adaptation to Performance Downturns:An Interpretation-Based Perspective. Academy of ManagementReview，1987，12(2).366-380.
[143]Foss, N. J.& Langlois, R. N. Capabilities and governance:The rebirth of production in the theory of economic organization. Druid working paper 97-2, Aalborg University,1997.
[144]Fredrickson, J. W. The Comprehensiveness of Strategic Decision Processes: Extension, Observations, Future Directions. Academy of Management Journal, 1984,27(3),445-466.
[145]Fredrickson, J. W. Effects of Decision Motive and Organizational Performance Level on Strategic Decision Processes. Academy of Management Journal,1985, 28(4),821-843.
[146]Fredrickson, J. W. An Exploratory Approach to Measuring Perceptions of Strategic Decision Process Constructs. Strategic Management Journal,1986, 7(5),473-483.
[147]Fredrickson, J. W.& Iaquinto, A. L. Inertia And Creeping Rationality In Strategic Decision Processes. Academy of Management Journal,1989,32(3), 516-542.
[148]Fredrickson, J. W.& Mitchell, T. R. Strategic Decision Processes: Comprehensiveness and Performance in an Industry with an Unstable Environment. Academy of Management Journal,1984,27(2),399-423.
[149]Frentzel Ii, W. Y, Bryson, J. M.& Crosby, B. C Strategic Planning in the Military:The US Naval Security Group changes its strategy,1992-1998. Long Range Planning,2000,33(3),402-429.
[150]Fuentelsaz, L., Gomez, J.& Polo, Y. Followers'entry timing:evidence from the Spanish banking sector after deregulation. Strategic Management Journal,2002, 23(3),245-264.
[151]Ganco, M.& Agarwal, R. Performance Differentials between Diversifying Entrants and Entrepreneurial Start-Ups:A Complexity Approach. Academy of Management Review,2009,34(2),228-252.
[152]Garud, R.& Rappa, M. A. A Socio-Cognitive Model of Technology Evolution: The Case of Cochlear Implants. Organization Science,1994,5(3),344-362.
[153]Garvin, D. A. Spin-offs and the new firm formation process. California Management Review,1983,25(2),3-20.
[154]Gary, M. S.& Wood, R. E. Mental models, decision rules, and performance heterogeneity. Strategic Management Journal,2011,32(6),569-594.
[155]Gary, M. S., Wood, R. E.& Pillinger, T. Enhancing mental models, analogical transfer, and performance in strategic decision making. Strategic Management Journal,2012,33(11),1229-1246.
[156]Gavetti, G. PERSPECTIVE-Toward a Behavioral Theory of Strategy. Organization Science,2011,22(5),1359-1367.
[157]Gavetti, G.& Levinthal, D. Looking forward and looking backward:Cognitive and experiential search. Administrative Science Quarterly,2000,45(1),113-137.
[158]Gavetti, G., Levinthal, D.& Ocasio, W. Neo-carnegie:The carnegie school's past, present, and reconstructing for the future. Organization Science,2007, 18(3),523-536.
[159]Gavetti, G, Levinthal, D. A.& Rivkin, J. W. Strategy making in novel and complex worlds:The power of analogy. Strategic Management Journal,2005, 26(8),691-712.
[160]Gavetti, G.& Rivkin, J. W. On the origin of strategy:Action and cognition over time. Organization Science,2007,18(3),420-439.
[161]Georg von, K.& Roos, J. A Tale of the Unfinished. Strategic Management Journal,1996,17(9),729-737.
[162]George, E., Chattopadhyay, P., Sitkin, S. B.& Barden, J. Cognitive Underpinnings of Institutional Persistence and Change:A Framing Perspective. The Academy of Management Review,2006.31(2).347-365.
[163]Gerbing, D. W., Hamilton, J. G.& Freeman, E. B. A Large-scale Second-order Structural Equation Model of the Influence of Management Participation on Organizational Planning Benefits. Journal of Management,1994,20(4), 859-885.
[164]Ghemawat, P. Commitment:The Dynamics of Strategy. New York:Free Press, 1991.
[165]Giarratana, M. S. Missing the starting gun:de alio entry order in new markets, inertia and real option capabilities. European Management Review,2008,5(2), 115-124.
[166]Gigerenzer, G. Adaptive thinking:Rationality in the real world. New York: Oxford University Press,2000.
[167]Gigerenzer, G.& Gaissmaier, W. Heuristic Decision Making. Annual Review of Psychology,2011.62(1).451-482.
[168]Gigerenzer, G.& Goldstein. D. G. Reasoning the fast and frugal way:Models of bounded rationality. Psychological Review,1996.103(4),650-669.
[169]Gigerenzer. G, Todd. P. M..& the ABC Group. Simple heuristics that make us smart. New York:Oxford University Press.1999.
[170]Gilbert. D. T. Thinking lightly about others:Automatic components of the social inference process. In Uleman J.& Bargh J. A.(Eds). Unintended thought. Englewood Cliffs. NJ:Prentice-Hall.1989.
[171]Gilovich, T., Griffith, D.& Kahneman, D.(Eds). Heuristics and biases:The psychology of intuitive judgment. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press. 2002.
[172]Gimeno, J.. Folta. T. B., Cooper, A. C.& Woo. C. Y. Survival of the Fittest? Entrepreneurial Human Capital and the Persistence of Underperforming Firms. Administrative Science Quarterly,1997.42(4).750-783.
[173]Ginsberg. A. Measuring and Modelling Changes in Strategy:Theoretical Foundations and Empirical Directions. Strategic Management Journal.1988. 9(6).559-575.
[174]Goel, R. K. Innovation, market structure, and welfare:a Stackelberg model. Quarterly Review of Economics and Business,1990,30(1),40-54.
[175]Golden, B. R.& Zajac, E. J. When Will Boards Influence Strategy? Inclination x Power= Strategic Change. Strategic Management Journal,2001,22(12), 1087-1111.
[176]Golder, P. N.& Tellis, G. J. Pioneer Advantage:Marketing Logic or Marketing Legend? Journal of Marketing Research,1993,30(2),158-170.
[177]Goll, I.& Rasheed, A. M. A. Rational decision-making and firm performance: the moderating role of the environment. Strategic Management Journal,1997, 18(7),583-591.
[178]Gompers, P., Lerner, J.& Scharfstein, D. Entrepreneurial Spawning:Public Corporations and the Genesis of New Ventures,1986 to 1999. The Journal of Finance,2005,60(2),577-614.
[179]Goodwin, V. L.& Ziegler, L. A Test of Relationships in a Model of Organizational Cognitive Complexity. Journal of Organizational Behavior,1998, 19(4),371-386.
[180]Gort, M.& Klepper, S. Time Paths in the Diffusion of Product Innovations. The Economic Journal,1982,92(367),630-653.
[181]Grant, R. Toward a Knowledge-Based Theory of the Firm. Strategic Management Journal,1996,17,109-122.
[182]Grant, R. M. Strategic Planning in a Turbulent Environment:Evidence from the Oil Majors. Strategic Management Journal,2003,24(6),491-517.
[183]Hambrick, D. C.& Mason, P. A. Upper Echelons:The Organization as a Reflection of Its Top Managers. Academy of Management Review,1984,9(2), 193-206.
[184]Hamel, G.& Prahalad, C.K. Competing for the future:Breakthrough strategies for seizing control of your industry and creating the markets of tomorrow. Boston, MA:Harvard Business School Press,1994.
[185]Hannan, M. T., Carroll, G. R., Dobrev, S. D.& Joon, H. Organizational Mortality in European and American Automobile Industries. Part I:Revisiting the Effects of Age and Size. European Sociological Review,1998,14(3), 279-302.
[186]Hannan, M. T.& Freeman, J. The Population Ecology of Organizations. American Journal of Sociology,1977,82(5),929-964.
[187]Hannan, M. T.& Freeman, J. Structural Inertia and Organizational Change. American Sociological Review,1984,49(2),149-164.
[188]Hannan, M. T.& Freeman, J. Where Do Organizational Forms Come from? Sociological Forum,1986,1(1),50-72.
[189]Hannan. M. T.& Freeman, J. The Ecology of Organizational Mortality: American Labor Unions,1836-1985. American Journal of Sociology,1988, 94(1),25-52.
[190]Hargadon, A.& Sutton, R. I. Technology Brokering and Innovation in a Product Development Firm. Administrative Science Quarterly,1997,42(4),716-749.
[191]Harrison, J., Lin, Z., Carroll, G.& Carley, K. Simulation Modeling in Organizational and Management Research. The Academy of Management Review ARCHIVE,2007,32(4),1229-1245.
[192]Hart, S. L. An Integrative Framework for Strategy-Making Processes. Academy of Management Review,1992,17(2),327-351.
[193]Hayes, J.& Allinson, C. W. Cognitive Style and its Relevance for Management Practice. British Journal of Management,1994,5(1),53.
[194]Helfat, C. E.& Lieberman, M. B. The birth of capabilities:market entry and the importance of pre-history. Industrial and Corporate Change,2002.11(4). 725-760.
[195]Helfat. C. E.& Raubitschek. R. S. Product Sequencing:Co-Evolution of Knowledge. Capabilities and Products. Strategic Management Journal,2000, 21(10/11).961-979.
[196]Helfat. C. E.& Raubitschek. R. S. Product Sequencing:Co-Evolution of Knowledge. Capabilities and Products. Strategic Management Journal,2000. 21(10/11),961-979.
[197]Henderson. R.& Cockburn. I. Measuring Competence? Exploring Firm Effects in Pharmaceutical Research. Strategic Management Journal.1994.15.63-84.
[198]Henderson. R. M.& Clark. K. B. Architectural Innovation:The Reconfiguration of Existing Product Technologies and the Failure of Established Firms. Administrative Science Quarterly,1990,35(1),9-30.
[199]Hickson, D., Butler. R., Cray, D., Mallory, G.& Wilson. D. Top decisions: Strategic decision making in organizations. San Francisco. CA:Jossey-Bass. 1986.
[200]Hiller. N. J.& Hambrick. D. C. Conceptualizing Executive Hubris:The Role of (Hyper-)Core Self-Evaluations in Strategic Decision-Making. Strategic Management Journal,2005,26(4),297-319.
[201]Hitt, M. A., Dacin, M. T., Tyler, B. B.& Park, D. Understanding the Differences in Korean and U.S. Executives' Strategic Orientations. Strategic Management Journal,1997,18(2),159-167.
[202]Hitt, M. A., Keats, B. W.& DeMarie, S. M. Navigating in the new competitive landscape:Building strategic flexibility and competitive advantage in the 21st century. The Academy of Management Executive,1998,12(4),22-42.
[203]Hodgkinson, G. P., Bown, N. J., Maule, A. J., Glaister, K. W.& Pearman, A. D. Breaking the frame:an analysis of strategic cognition and decision making under uncertainty. Strategic Management Journal,1999,20(10),977-985.
[204]Hodgkinson, G. P.& Healey, M. P. Cognition in Organizations. Annual Review of Psychology,2008,59(1),387-417.
[205]Hodgkinson, G. P.& Johnson, G. Exploring the mental models of competitive strategists:The case for a processual approach. Journal of Management Studies, 1994,31(4),525-552.
[206]Hodgkinson, G. P.& Thomas, A. B. Editorial introduction to the special issue: Thinking in organizations. Journal of Management Studies,1997,34(6), 845-850.
[207]Holbrook, D., Cohen, W. M., Hounshell, D. A.& Klepper, S. The nature, sources, and consequences of firm differences in the early history of the semiconductor industry. Strategic Management Journal,2000,21(10-11), 1017-1041.
[208]Holcomb, T. R., Ireland, R. D., Holmes Jr, R. M.& Hitt, M. A. Architecture of Entrepreneurial Learning:Exploring the Link Among Heuristics, Knowledge, and Action. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2009,33(1),167-192.
[209]Hopkins, W. E.& Hopkins, S. A. Strategic Planning-Financial Performance Relationships in Banks:A Causal Examination. Strategic Management Journal, 1997,18(8),635-652.
[210]Hough, J. R.& White, M. A. Environmental dynamism and strategic decision-making rationality:an examination at the decision level. Strategic Management Journal,2003,24(5),481-489.
[211]Howell, W. C. Representation of frequency in memory. Psychological Bulletin, 1973,80(1),44-53.
[212]Hsu, D. H. What Do Entrepreneurs Pay for Venture Capital Affiliation? The Journal of Finance,2004,59(4),1805-1844.
[213]Huff, A. S. Industry Influences on Strategy Reformulation. Strategic Management Journal,1982,3(2),119-131.
[214]Huff, A. S. Managerial and organizational cognition:Islands of coherence. In K. G. Smith & M. A. Hitt (Eds.). Great minds in management:The process of theory development. Oxford, UK:Oxford University Press,2006.
[215]Huff, A. S.& Jenkins. M. Mapping Strategic Knowledge. Thousand Oaks, London. CA:Sage,2002.
[216]Hutzschenreuter, T.& Kleindienst, I. Strategy-Process Research:What Have We Learned and What Is Still to Be Explored. Journal of Management,2006, 32(5),673-720.
[217]Iaquinto, A. L.& Fredrickson, J. W. Top Management Team Agreement about the Strategic Decision Process:A Test of Some of Its Determinants and Consequences. Strategic Management Journal,1997,18(1),63-75.
[218]Ingram, P.& Baum, J. A. C. Opportunity and Constraint:Organizations' Learning from the Operating and Competitive Experience of Industries. Strategic Management Journal,1997,18,75-98.
[219]Isabella, L. A.& Waddock. S. A. Top Management Team Certainty: Environmental Assessments. Teamwork, and Performance Implications. Journal of Management,1994.20(4).835-858.
[220]Itami, H.& Numagami, T. Dynamic Interaction between Strategy and Technology. Strategic Management Journal,1992.13.119-135.
[221]Ito. K. Japanese Spinoffs:Unexplored Survival Strategies. Strategic Management Journal,1995.16(6),431-446.
[222]Jackson, S. E.& Dutton, J. E. Discerning Threats and Opportunities. Administrative Science Quarterly,1988,33(3).370-387.
[223]Jacoby. L. L. A process dissociation framework:Separating automatic from intentional uses of memory. Journal of Memory and Language.1991.30(5), 513-541.
[224]Jenkins. M.& Johnson, G. Entrepreneurial intentions and outcomes:A comparative causal mapping study. Journal of Management Studies,1997,34(6), 895-920.
[225]Joshi. Y. V.. Reibstein. D. J.& Zhang. Z. J. Optimal Entry Timing in Markets with Social Influence. Management Science,2009,55(6),926-939.
[226]Judge, W. Q.& Miller, A. Antecedents and Outcomes of Decision Speed in Different Environmental Context. Academy of Management Journal,1991,34(2), 449-463.
[227]Kaghan, W. N., Strauss, A. L., Barley, S. R., Brannen, M. Y.& Thomas, R. J. The Practice and Uses of Field Research in the 21st Century Organization. Journal of Management Inquiry,1999,8(1),67-81.
[228]Kaghan, W. N., Strauss, A. L., Barley, S. R., Brannen, M. Y.& Thomas, R. J. The Practice and Uses of Field Research in the 21st Century Organization. Journal of Management Inquiry,1999,8(1),67-81.
[229]Kahneman, D. A perspective on judgment and choice-Mapping bounded rationality. American Psychologist,2003,58(9),697-720.
[230]Kahneman, D.& Frederick, S. Representativeness revisited:Attribute substitution in intuitive judgment. In T. Gilovich, D. Griffin,& Kahneman D.(Eds). Heuristics and biases. New York:Cambridge University Press,2002.
[231]Kale, P.& Singh, H. Building Firm Capabilities through Learning:The Role of the Alliance Learning Process in Alliance Capability and Firm-Level Alliance Success. Strategic Management Journal,2007,28(10),981-1000.
[232]Kamel, M.& Michael, J. Does it pay to be a first mover in e.commerce? The case ofAmazon.com. Management Decision,2000,38(7),445-452.
[233]Kaplan, S. Research in Cognition and Strategy:Reflections on Two Decades of Progress and a Look to the Future. Journal of Management Studies,2011,48(3), 665-695.
[234]Katila, R.& Ahuja, G. Something Old, Something New:A Longitudinal Study of Search Behavior and New Product Introduction. The Academy of Management Journal,2002,45(6),1183-1194.
[235]Kauffman, S., Lobo, J.& Macready, W. G. Optimal search on a technology landscape. Journal of Economic Behavior& Organization,2000,43(2), 141-166.
[236]Kauffman, S. A.& Weinberger, E. D. The NK model of rugged fitness landscapes and its application to maturation of the immune response. Journal of Theoretical Biology,1989,141(2),211-245.
[237]Kerin, R. A., Kalyanaram, G.& Howard, D. J. Product Hierarchy and Brand Strategy Influences on the Order of Entry Effect for Consumer Packaged Goods. Journal of Product Innovation Management,1996,13(1),21-34.
[238]Kerin, R. A., Varadarajan, P. R.& Peterson, R. A. First-Mover Advantage:A Synthesis, Conceptual Framework, and Research Propositions. The Journal of Marketing,1992,56(4),33-52.
[239]Khatri, N.& Ng, H. A. The Role of Intuition in Strategic Decision Making. Human Relations,2000,53(1).57-86.
[240]Khessina, O. M. Effects of entry mode and incumbency status on the rates of firm product innovation in the worldwide optical disk drive industry,1983-1999. Working paper, University of California, Berkeley,2002.
[241]Khessina, O. M.& Carroll, G. R. Product demography of de novo and de alio firms in the optical disk drive industry,1983-1999. Organization Science,2008, 19(1),25-38.
[242]Kim, W. C.& Mauborgne, R. Procedural Justice, Strategic Decision Making, and the Knowledge Economy. Strategic Management Journal,1998,19(4), 323-338.
[243]Kimberly, J. R. Issues in the Creation of Organizations:Initiation, Innovation. and Institutionalization. Academy of Management Journal,1979,22(3). 437-457.
[244]Kimberly. J. R.& Bouchikhi, H. The Dynamics of Organizational Development and Change:How the Past Shapes the Present and Constrains the Future. Organization Science,1995,6(1).9-18.
[245]King, A. A.& Tucci, C. L. Incumbent Entry into New Market Niches:The Role of Experience and Managerial Choice in the Creation of Dynamic Capabilities. Management Science,2002,48(2).171-186.
[246]Klepper, S. Employee Startups in High-Tech Industries. Industrial and Corporate Change,2001,10(3),639-674.
[247]Klepper, S. Firm Survival and the Evolution of Oligopoly. The RAND Journal of Economics,2002a,33(1).37-61.
[248]Klepper, S. The capabilities of new firms and the evolution of the US automobile industry. Ind Corp Change,2002b,11(4),645-666.
[249]Klepper, S.& Graddy, E. The Evolution of New Industries and the Determinants of Market Structure. The RAND Journal of Economics.1990. 21(1),27-44.
[250]Klepper. S.& Simons. K. L. Dominance by Birthright:Entry of Prior Radio Producers and Competitive Ramifications in the U.S. Television Receiver Industry. Strategic Management Journal,2000,21(10/11),997-1016.
[251]Klepper, S.& Sleeper, S. Entry by spinoffs. Management Science,2005,51(8), 1291-1306.
[252]Kopel, M.& Loffler, C. Commitment, first-mover-, and second-mover advantage. Journal of Economics,2008,94(2),143-166.
[253]Kunc, M. H.& Morecroft, J. D. W. Managerial decision making and firm performance under a resource-based paradigm. Strategic Management Journal, 2010,31(11),1164-1182.
[254]Lambkin, M. Order of entry and performance in new markets. Strategic Management Journal,1988,9(S1),127-140.
[255]Lampel, J.& Shamsie, J. Probing the Unobtrusive Link:Dominant Logic and the Design of Joint Ventures at General Electric. Strategic Management Journal, 2000,21(5),593-602.
[256]Lant, T. K., Milliken, F. J.& Batra, B. The Role of Managerial Learning and Interpretation in Strategic Persistence and Reorientation:An Empirical Exploration. Strategic Management Journal,1992,13(8),585-608.
[257]Lazear, E. P. Balanced Skills and Entrepreneurship. The American Economic Review,2004,94(2),208-211.
[258]Lee, H.& Shin, H.-D. Which subfield to enter first?:The role of a firm's pre-entry experiences. Journal of Business Research,2010,63(12),1310-1316.
[259]Leiponen, A.& Helfat. C. E. Innovation objectives, knowledge sources, and the benefits of breadth. Strategic Management Journal,2010,31(2),224-236.
[260]Levinthal, D.& March, J. The Myopia of Learning. Strategic Management Journal,1993,14,95-112.
[261]Levinthal, D. A. Adaptation on Rugged Landscapes. Management Science, 1997,43(7),934-950.
[262]Levitt, B.& March, J. G. Organizational Learning. Annual Review of Sociology, 1988,14(1988),319-340.
[263]Lieberman, M. B.& Montgomery, D. B. First-mover advantages. Strategic Management Journal,1988,9(S1),41-58.
[264]Lieberman, M. B.& Montgomery, D. B. First-mover (dis)advantages: retrospective and link with the resource-based view. Strategic Management Journal,1998,19(12),1111-1125.
[265]-Lilien, G. L.& Yoon, E. The Timing of Competitive Market Entry:An Exploratory Study of New Industrial Products. Management Science,1990, 36(5),568-585.
[266]Lopez, L. E.& Roberts, E. B. First-mover advantages in regimes of weak appropriability:the case of financial services innovations. Journal of Business Research.2002,55(12),997-1005.
[267]Louis, M. R.& Sutton, R. I. Switching Cognitive Gears:From Habits of Mind to Active Thinking. Human Relations,1991,44(1),55-76.
[268]Lurigio, A. J.& Carroll, J. S. Probation officers'schemata of offenders:content, development, and impact on treatment decisions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1985,48,1112-1126.
[269]Mahajan, V.& Muller, E. Timing, diffusion, and substitution of successive generations of technological innovations:The IBM mainframe case. Technological Forecasting and Social Change,1996,51(2),109-132.
[270]March, J. G. Rationality, foolishness, and adaptive intelligence. Strategic Management Journal.2006,27(3),201-214.
[271]March, J. G. Schultz. M.& Zhou. X. The Dynamics of Rules. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press,2000.
[272]March. J. G.& Shapira. Z. Managerial Perspectives on Risk and Risk Taking. Management Science.1987.33(11).1404-1418.
[273]March. J. G.& Simon. H. A. Organizations. New York:Wiley.1958.
[274]Marginson, D. E. W. Management Control Systems and Their Effects on Strategy Formation at Middle-Management Levels:Evidence from a U.K. Organization. Strategic Management Journal,2002,23(11).1019-1031.
[275]Markoczy, L. Measuring Beliefs:Accept no Substitutes. Academy of Management Journal,1997,40(5),1228-1242.
[276]Martins, L. L.& Kambil, A. Looking Back and Thinking Ahead:Effects of Prior Success on Managers'Interpretations of New Information Technologies. The Academy of Management Journal,1999,42(6),652-661.
[277]McGahan. A. M.& Porter. M.E. How much does industry matter, really? Strategic Management Journal,1997.18,15-30.
[278]Merino, F.& Rodriguez. D. R. A Consistent Analysis of Diversification Decisions with Non-Observable Firm Effects. Strategic Management Journal. 1997,18(9).733-743.
[279]Miller. C. C. Burke. L. M.& Glick. W. H. Cognitive diversity among upper-echelon executives:implications for strategic decision processes. Strategic Management Journal,1998,19(1),39-58.
[280]Miller, C. C.& Cardinal, L. B. Strategic Planning and Firm Performance:A Synthesis of More Than Two Decades of Research. Academy of Management Journal,1994,37(6),1649-1665.
[281]Miller, C. C., Cardinal, L. B.& Glick, W. H. Retrospective Reports In Organizational Research:A Reexamination Of Recent Evidence. Academy of Management Journal,1997,40(1),189-204.
[282]Miller, C. C.& Ireland, R. D. Intuition in strategic decision making:Friend or foe in the fast-paced 21st century? The Academy of Management Executive, 2005,19(1),19-30.
[283]Miller, D. Strategy Making and Structure:Analysis and Implications for Performance. The Academy of Management Journal,1987,30(1),7-32.
[284]Miller, D. Relating Porter's Business Strategies to Environment and Structure: Analysis and Performance Implications. Academy of Management Journal,1988, 31(2),280-308.
[285]Miller, D. Stale in the Saddle:CEO Tenure and the Match between Organization and Environment. Management Science,1991,37(1),34-52.
[286]Miller, D.& Friesen, P. H. Strategy-making and environment:The third link. Strategic Management Journal,1983,4(3),221-235.
[287]Mintzberg, H. Crafting strategy. Harvard Business Review,1987,65(4),66-75.
[288]Mintzberg, H. Strategy-Making in Three Modes. California Management Review,1973,16(2),44-53.
[289]Mintzberg, H., Raisinghani, D.& Theoret, A. The Structure of "Unstructured" Decision Processes. Administrative Science Quarterly,1976,21(2),246-275.
[290]Mintzberg, H.& Waters, J. A. Of Strategies, Deliberate and Emergent. Strategic Management Journal,1985,6(3),257-272.
[291]Mitchell, W. Whether and When? Probability and Timing of Incumbents'Entry into Emerging Industrial Subfields. Administrative Science Quarterly,1989, 34(2),208-230.
[292]Mitchell, W. Dual Clocks:Entry Order Influences on Incumbent and Newcomer Market Share and Survival When Specialized Assets Retain Their Value. Strategic Management Journal,1991,12(2),85-100.
[293]Mol, M. J.& Birkinshaw, J. The sources of management innovation:When firms introduce new management practices. Journal of Business Research,2009, 62(12),1269-1280.
[294]Mol, M. J.& Birkinshaw, J. The sources of management innovation:When firms introduce new management practices. Journal of Business Research,2009, 62(12),1269-1280.
[295]Molloy, S.& Schwenk. C. R. The effects of information technology on strategic decision making. Journal of Management Studies,1995.32(3).283-311.
[296]Montgomery, C. A.& Hariharan, S. Diversified expansion by large established firms. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization,1991,15(1),71-89.
[297]Moorman, C.& Miner, A. S. Organizational Improvisation and Organizational Memory. The Academy of Management Review,1998,23(4),698-723.
[298]Moorthy, S.& Polley, D. E. Technological knowledge breadth and depth: performance impacts. Journal of Knowledge Management,2010,14(3), 359-377.
[299]Mueller. D. C. First-mover advantages and path dependence. International Journal of Industrial Organization,1997,15(6).827-850.
[300]Murthi, B. P. S., Srinivasan, K.& Kalyanaram, G. Controlling for Observed and Unobserved Managerial Skills in Determining First-Mover Market Share Advantages. Journal of Marketing Research.1996.33(3).329-336.
[301]Nadkarni. S.& Barr. P. S. Environmental context, managerial cognition, and strategic action:an integrated view. Strategic Management Journal.2008,29(13). 1395-1427.
[302]Nadkarni, S.& Narayanan, V. K. The Evolution of Collective Strategy Frames in High-and Low-Velocity Industries. Organization Science,2007,18(4), 688-710.
[303]Nadkarni. S.& Narayanan. V. K. Strategic schemas. strategic flexibility, and firm performance:the moderating role of industry clockspeed. Strategic Management Journal,2007,28(3),243-270.
[304]Nakata. C.& Sivakumar. K. Emerging market conditions and their impact on first mover advantages:An integrative review. International Marketing Review. 1997,14(6).461-485.
[305]Narayanan. V. K.. Zane, L. J.& Kemmerer. B. The Cognitive Perspective in Strategy:An Integrative Review. Journal of Management.2011.37(1).305-351.
[306]Nehrt, C. Maintainability of First Mover Advantages When Environmental Regulations Differ between Countries. The Academy of Management Review, 1998,23(1),77-97.
[307]Nelson, R. R.& Winter, S. G An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press,1982.
[308]Nerkar, A.& Roberts, P. W. Technological and product-market experience and the success of new product introductions in the pharmaceutical industry. Strategic Management Journal,2004,25(8-9),779-799.
[309]Newell, A., Shaw, J. C.& Simon, H. A. Elements of a theory of human problem solving. Psychological Review,1958,65(3),151-166.
[310]Newell, A.& Simon, H. A. Human problem solving. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall,1972.
[311]Nickerson, J. A.& Zenger, T. R. A Knowledge-Based Theory of the Firm-The Problem-Solving Perspective. Organization Science,2004,15(6),617-632.
[312]Nisbett, R.& Ross, L. Human inference:Strategies and shortcomings of social judgment. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall,1980.
[313]Nonaka, I. A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation. Organization Science,1994,5(1),14-37.
[314]Nonaka, I.& von Krogh, G Perspective-Tacit Knowledge and Knowledge Conversion:Controversy and Advancement in Organizational Knowledge Creation Theory. Organization Science,2009,20(3),635-652.
[315]Nordman, E. R.& Melen, S. The impact of different kinds of knowledge for the internationalization process of Born Globals in the biotech business. Journal of World Business,2008,43(2),171-185.
[316]Nonaka, I.& Takeuchi, H. The Knowledge-Creating Company:How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation. Oxford, UK:Oxford University Press,1995.
[317]Nunnally, J. C. Psychometric Theory. New York:McGraw Hill Book Company, 1994.
[318]Nutt, P. C. The Formulation Processes and Tactics Used in Organizational Decision Making. Organization Science,1993,4(2),226-251.
[319]Nutt, P. C. How Decision Makers Evaluate Alternatives and the Influence of Complexity. Management Science,1998,44(8),1148-1166.
[320]Nutt, P. C. Expanding the Search for Alternatives during Strategic Decision-Making. The Academy of Management Executive (1993-2005),2004, 18(4),13-28.
[321]Osborne, J. D., Charles, I. S.& Arkalgud, R. Strategic groups and competitive enactment:a study of dynamic relationships between mental models and performance. Strategic Management Journal,2001,22(5).435-454.
[322]Pant, P. N.& Lachman. R. A. N. Value incongruity and strategic choice. Journal of Management Studies,1998.35(2).195-212.
[323]Pant, P. N.& Lachman, R. A. N. Value incongruity and strategic choice. Journal of Management Studies,1998,35(2).195-212.
[324]Panzar, J. C.& Willig, R. D. Economies of Scope. The American Economic Review,1981,71(2),268-272.
[325]Papadakis, V.& Barwise, P. (1998). Research on Strategic Decisions:Where Do We Go from Here? Strategic Decisions. V. Papadakis and P. Barwise, Springer US:289-302.
[326]Papadakis, V. M., Lioukas, S.& Chambers, D. Strategic decision-making processes:the role of management and context. Strategic Management Journal. 1998,19(2).115-147.
[327]Pearce. J. A., Freeman. E. B.& Robinson, R. B. The Tenuous Link Between Formal Strategic Planning and Financial Performance. Academy of Management Review,1987,12(4).658-675.
[328]Perlow. L. A., Okhuysen. G. A.& Repenning. N. P. The Speed Trap:Exploring the Relationship Between Decision Making and Temporal Context. Academy of Management Journal,2002,45(5),931-955.
[329]Peteraf, M. The Cornerstones of Competitive Advantage:A Resource-Based View. Strategic Management Journal,1993,14,179-191.
[330]Pettigrew, A. M. On Studying Managerial Elites. Strategic Management Journal, 1992,13.163-182.
[331]Pettigrew. A. M. What is a processual analysis? Scandinavian Journal of Management,1997,13(4),337-348.
[332]Patton, M. Q. Qualitative research and evaluation method. Thousand Oaks. CA: Sage.2002.
[333]Pennings. J. M. Organizational strategy and change. San Francisco:Jossey-Bass. 1985.
[334]Penrose, E. T. The Theory of the Growth of the Firm. New York:Oxford Universitv Press.1995.
[335]Piattelli-Palmarini, M. Ever since language and learning:afterthoughts on the Piaget-Chomsky debate. Cognition,1994,50(1-3),315-346.
[336]Pol, H.& Deepak, K. D. CEO Experiences:Effects on the Choice of FDI Entry Mode. Journal of Management Studies,2006,43(4),755-778.
[337]Porac, J. F., Thomas, H.& Baden-Fuller, C. Competitive groups as cognitive communities:the case of scottish knitwear manufacturers. Journal of Management Studies,1989,26(4),397-416.
[338]Porac, J.F.& Thomas, H. Managing cognition and strategy:Issues, trends and future directions. In Pettigrew, A.M., Thomas, H.& Whittington R.(Eds.). Handbook of strategy and management. London:Sage,2002.
[339]Porter, M. E. Competitive Strategy. New York:The Free Press,1980.
[340]Porter, M. E. Competitive advantage:Creating and sustaining superior performance. New York:The Free Press,1985.
[341]Powell, T. C., Lovallo, D.& Fox, C. R. Behavioral strategy. Strategic Management Journal,2011,32(13),1369-1386.
[342]Prabhu, J. C., Chandy, R. K.& Ellis, M. E. The Impact of Acquisitions on Innovation:Poison Pill, Placebo, or Tonic? Journal of Marketing,2005,69(1), 114-130.
[343]Prahalad, C. K.& Bettis, R. A. The Dominant Logic:A New Linkage between Diversity and Performance. Strategic Management Journal,1986,7(6),485-501.
[344]Prencipe, A. Breadth and depth of technological capabilities in CoPS:the case of the aircraft engine control system. Research Policy,2000,29(7-8),895-911.
[345]Priem, R. L., Rasheed, A. M. A.& Kotulic, A. G. Rationality in strategic decision processes, environmental dynamism and firm performance. Journal of Management,1995,21(5),913-929.
[346]Quinn, J. B. Strategic change:logical incrementalism. Sloan Management Review,1978,20(1):7-23.
[347]Quinn, J. B. Strategies for change:Logical incrementalism. Homewood, IL Irwin,1980.
[348]Raisch, S., Birkinshaw, J., Probst, G.& Tushman, M. L. Organizational Ambidexterity:Balancing Exploitation and Exploration for Sustained Performance. Organization Science,2009,20(4),685-695.
[349]Rajagopalan, N., Rasheed, A. M. A.& Datta, D. K. Strategic decision processes: Critical review and future directions. Journal of Management,1993,19(2), 349-384.
[350]Rajagopalan, N.& Spreitzer, G. M. Toward a theory of strategic change:a multi-lens perspective and integrative framework. Academy of Management Review,1997.22(1),48-79.
[351]Rao, H. The Social Construction of Reputation:Certification Contests. Legitimation, and the Survival of Organizations in the American Automobile Industry:1895-1912. Strategic Management Journal,1994,15(S1),29-44.
[352]Reger, R. K.& Huff. A. S. Strategic Groups:A Cognitive Perspective. Strategic Management Journal,1993,14(2),103-123.
[353]Rindova, V. P. What Corporate Boards have to do with Strategy:A Cognitive Perspective. Journal of Management Studies,1999,36(7),953-975.
[354]Rindova, V. P.& Petkova, A. P. When Is a New Thing a Good Thing? Technological Change, Product Form Design, and Perceptions of Value for Product Innovations. Organization Science,2007,18(2),217-232.
[355]Rivkin, J. W.& Siggelkow, N. Balancing search and stability: Interdependencies among elements of organizational design. Management Science,2003.49(3),290-311.
[356]Robertson. I. T. Human information-processing strategies and style. Behaviour & Information Technology,1985.4(1).19-29.
[357]Robertson, S.Ian著，张奇译.问题解决心理学.北京：中国轻工业出版社,2004.
[358]Robinson. J. The Economics of Imperfect Competition. London:Macmilla. 1933.
[359]Robinson. W. T.& Chiang. J. Product development strategies for established market pioneers, early followers, and late entrants. Strategic Management Journal,2002,23(9),855-866.
[360]Robinson. W. T.& Fornell, C. Sources of Market Pioneer Advantages in Consumer Goods Industries. Journal of Marketing Research.1985.22(3). 305-317.
[361]Robinson. W. T., Fornell. C.& Sullivan. M. Are market pioneers intrinsically stronger than later entrants? Strategic Management Journal.1992.13(8). 609-624.
[362]Robinson, W. T.& Min. S. Is the First to Market the First to Fail? Empirical Evidence for Industrial Goods Businesses. Journal of Marketing Research,2002. 39(1),120-128.
[363]Rogers, P. R., Miller, A.& Judge, W. Q. Using Information-Processing Theory to Understand Planning/Performance Relationships in the Context of Strategy. Strategic Management Journal,1999,20(6),567-577.
[364]Roland, C., Johnson, G.& Sarnin, P. CEOs'Cognitive Maps and the Scope of the Organization. Strategic Management Journal,1994,15(6),437-457.
[365]Ron, A.& Helfat, C. E. Corporate Effects and Dynamic Managerial Capabilities. Strategic Management Journal,2003,24(10),1011-1025.
[366]Ruder, M.& Bless, H. Mood and the reliance on the ease of retrieval heuristic. Journal of personality and social psychology,2003,85(1),20-32.
[367]Rumelt, R. P. How much does industry matter? Strategic Management Journal, 1991,12(3),167-185.
[368]Salancik, G. R.& Pfeffer, J. Who gets power-and how they hold on to it:A strategic-contingency model of power. Organizational Dynamics,1977,5(3), 3-21.
[369]Sampson, R. C. Experience Effects and Collaborative Returns in R&D Alliances. Strategic Management Journal,2005,26(11),1009-1031.
[370]Sanderson, S. W. Uzumeri, M. The Innovation Imperative:Strategies for Managing Product Models and Families. Richard D. Irwin:Chicago, IL,1997.
[371]Sastry, M. A. Problems and Paradoxes in a Model of Punctuated Organizational Change. Administrative Science Quarterly,1997,42(2),237-275.
[372]Savage, L. J. The Foundations of Statistics. New York:Dover,1954.
[373]Schnaars, S. P. Managing imitation strategies:How late entrants seize marketing from pioneers. New York:The Free Press,1994.
[374]Schendel, D. Introduction to the Summer 1992 Special Issue on'Strategy Process Research'. Strategic Management Journal,1992,13,1-4.
[375]Schoenecker, T. S.& Cooper, A. C. The role of firm resources and organizational attributes in determining entry timing:a cross-industry study. Strategic Management Journal,1998,19(12),1127-1143.
[376]Schumpeter, J. A. The theory of economic development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press,1934.
[377]Schwenk, C. R. Cognitive simplification processes in strategic decision-making. Strategic Management Journal,1984,5(2),111-128.
[378]Schwenk, C. R. Management illusions and biases:Their impact on strategic decisions. Long Range Planning,1985,18(5),74-80.
[379]Shamsie, J., Phelps, C.& Kuperman, J. Better Late than Never:A Study of Late Entrants in Household Electrical Equipment. Strategic Management Journal, 2004,25(1),69-84.
[380]Shane. S. Prior Knowledge and the Discovery of Entrepreneurial Opportunities. Organization Science,2000,11(4),448-469.
[381]Shane, S.& Toby, S. Organizational Endowments and the Performance of University Start-Ups. Management Science,2002,48(1),154-170.
[382]Shankar, V., Carpenter, G. S.& Krishnamurthi, L. Late Mover Advantage:How Innovative Late Entrants Outsell Pioneers. Journal of Marketing Research,1998, 35(1),54-70.
[383]Shanteau, J. How much information does an expert use? Is it relevant? Acta Psychologica,1992,81(1),75-86.
[384]Shapira, Z. Risk Taking:A Managerial Perspective. New York:Russell Sage Foundation,1995.
[385]Shapiro, C.& Varian H. R. Information Rules. Boston. MA:Harvard Business School Press.1998.
[386]Sharfman. M. P.& Dean. J. W. Conceptualizing and Measuring the Organizational Environment:A Multidimensional Approach. Journal of Management.1991.17(4).681-700.
[387]Shepherd, D. The new direct marketing. Glencoe. MO:McGraw-Hill Publishing,1999.
[388]Shrader. C. B., Taylor. L.& Dalton, D. R. Strategic Planning and Organizational Performance:A Critical Appraisal. Journal of Management,1984,10(2), 149-171.
[389]Siggelkow. N. Evolution toward Fit. Administrative Science Quarterly.2002. 47(1).125-159.
[390]Silverman, B. S. Technological Resources and the Direction of Corporate Diversification:Toward an Integration of the Resource-Based View and Transaction Cost Economics. Management Science,1999.45(8),1109-1124.
[391]Simon. H. A. A Behavioral Model of Rational Choice. The Quarterly Journal of Economics,1955,69(1).99-118.
[392]Simon, H. A. Invariants of Human Behavior. Annual Review of Psychology. 1990,41(1),1-20.
[393]Simon, H. A. Bounded Rationality and Organizational Learning. Organization Science,1991,2(1),125-134.
[394]Simon, H. A. What Is an "Explanation" of Behavior? Psychological Science, 1992,3(3),150-161.
[395]Simon, H. A., Dantzig, G. B., Hogarth, R., Plott, C. R., Raiffa, H., Schelling, T. C., Shepsle, K. A., Thaler, R., Tversky, A.& Winter, S. Decision Making and Problem Solving. Interfaces,1987,17(5),11-31.
[396]Simon, H. A.& Newell, A. Human problem solving:The state of the theory in 1970. American Psychologist,1971,26(2),145-159.
[397]Simons, T.& Roberts, P. W. Local and non-local pre-founding experience and new organizational form penetration:The case of the Israeli wine industry. Administrative Science Quarterly,2008,53(2),235-265.
[398]Sinclair, M.& Ashkanasy, N. M. Intuition:Myth or a Decision-making Tool? Management Learning,2005,36(3),353-370.
[399]Sine, W. D., Haveman, H. A.& Tolbert, P. S. Risky Business? Entrepreneurship in the New Independent-Power Sector. Administrative Science Quarterly,2005, 50(2),200-232.
[400]Sine, W. D., Mitsuhashi, H.& Kirsch, D. A. Revisiting Burns And Stalker: Formal Structure And New Venture Performance In Emerging Economic Sectors. Academy of Management Journal,2006,49(1),121-132.
[401]Smircich, L.& Stubbart, C. Strategic Management in an Enacted World. Academy of Management Review,1985,10(4),724-736.
[402]Smith, K. G., Collins, C. J.& Clark, K. D. Existing Knowledge, Knowledge Creation Capability, and the Rate of New Product Introduction in High-Technology Firms. The Academy of Management Journal,2005,48(2), 346-357.
[403]Song, M., Calantone, R. J.& Benedetto, C. A. D. Competitive Forces and Strategic Choice Decisions:An Experimental Investigation in the United States and Japan. Strategic Management Journal,2002,23(10),969-978.
[404]Sorenson, O. Letting the market work for you:an evolutionary perspective on product strategy. Strategic Management Journal,2000,21(5),577-592.
[405]Sorros, G. The Crash of 2008 and What It Means:The New Paradigm for Financial Markets. New York:Public Affairs,2009.
[406]Spencer, B. J.& Brander, J. A. International R & D Rivalry and Industrial Strategy. The Review of Economic Studies,1983,50(4),707-722.
[407]Spender, J. C. Making Knowledge the Basis of a Dynamic Theory of the Firm. Strategic Management Journal,1996,17,45-62.
[408]Stanovich, K. E.& West, R. F. Individual differences in reasoning:Implications for the rationality debate? Behavioral and Brain Sciences,2000,23(5),645-665.
[409]Starbuck, W. H. Learning by knowledge-intensive firms. Journal of Management Studies,1992,29(6),713-740.
[410]Starbuck, W. H.& Milliken, F. J. Challenger:Fine-tuning the odds until something breaks. Journal of Management Studies,1988,25(4),319-340.
[411]Staw, B. M. Dressing Up Like an Organization:When Psychological Theories Can Explain Organizational Action. Journal of Management,1991,17(4), 805-819.
[412]Sternberg, Robert J著,杨炳钧,陈燕,邹枝玲译.认知心理学.北京：中国轻工业出版社,2006.
[413]Stinchcombe, A. Social structure and organizations. In March J.G. (Ed.). Handbook of organizations. Chicago:Rand McNally,1965.
[414]Stuart, R. W.& Abetti, P. A. Impact of entrepreneurial and management experience on early performance. Journal of Business Venturing.1990,5(3), 151-162.
[415]Suarez, F. F.& Lanzolla. G. The role of environmental dynamics in building a first mover advantage theory. Academy of Management Review,2007,32(2), 377-392.
[416]Sull. D. N. The Dynamics of Standing Still:Firestone Tire & Rubber and the Radial Revolution. Business History Review,1999,73(03).430-464.
[417]Sutcliffe, K. M. What Executives Notice:Accurate Perceptions in Top Management Teams. The Academy of Management Journal,1994,37(5), 1360-1378.
[418]Sutcliffe, K. M. Organizational environments and organizational information processing. In Jablin, F.M.& Putnam, L.L. (Eds.). The New Handbook of Organizational Communication. Thousand Oaks. CA:Sage.2000.
[419]Szymanski. D. M., Troy. L. C.& Bharadwaj. S. G. Order of Entry and Business Performance:An Empirical Synthesis and Reexamination. The Journal of Marketing,1995,59(4),17-33.
[420]Tan, J. J.& Litschert. R. J. Environment-Strategy Relationship and Its Performance Implications:An Empirical Study of the Chinese Electronics Industry. Strategic Management Journal,1994,15(1),1-20.
[421]Teece, D.& Pisano, G The Dynamic Capabilities of Firms:an Introduction. Industrial and Corporate Change,1994,3(3),537-556.
[422]Teece, D. J. Profiting from technological innovation:Implications for integration, collaboration, licensing and public policy. Research Policy,1986, 15(6),285-305.
[423]Teece, D. J., Pisano, G.& Shuen, A. Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal,1997,18(7),509-533.
[424]Tellis, G J.& Golder, P. N. First to market, first to fail? Real causes of enduring market leadership. MIT Sloan Management Review,1996,37(2),65-75.
[425]Tihanyi, L., Ellstrand, A. E., Daily, C. M.& Dalton, D. R. Composition of the Top Management Team and Firm International Diversification. Journal of Management,2000,26(6),1157-1177.
[426]Tordesillas, R. S.& Chaiken, S. Thinking too Much or too Little? The Effects of Introspection on the Decision-Making Process. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,1999,25(5),625-631.
[427]Tripsas, M. Unraveling the Process of Creative Destruction:Complementary Assets and Incumbent Survival in the Typesetter Industry. Strategic Management Journal,1997,18,119-142.
[428]Tripsas, M.& Gavetti, G. Capabilities, Cognition, and Inertia:Evidence from Digital Imaging. Strategic Management Journal,2000,21(10/11),1147-1161.
[429]Tsai, W. Knowledge Transfer in Intraorganizational Networks:Effects of Network Position and Absorptive Capacity on Business Unit Innovation and Performance. Academy of Management Journal,2001,44(5),996-1004.
[430]Tversky, A.& Kahneman, D. Judgment under Uncertainty:Heuristics and Biases. Science,1974,185(4157),1124-1131.
[431]Tversky, A.& Kahneman, D. Judgment under Uncertainty:Heuristics and Biases. Science,1974,185(4157),1124-1131.
[432]Urban, G. L., Carter, T., Gaskin, S.& Mucha, Z. Market Share Rewards to Pioneering Brands:An Empirical Analysis and Strategic Implications. Management Science,1986,32(6),645-659.
[433]Utterback, J. M. Mastering the Dynamics of Innovation. Boston:HBS Press, 1994.
[434]Utterback, J. M.& Abernathy, W. J. A dynamic model of process and product innovation. Omega,1975,3(6),639-656.
[435]Utterback, J. M.& Suarez, F. F. Innovation, competition, and industry structure. Research Policy,1993,22(1),1-21.
[436]VanderWerf, P. A.& Mahon, J. F. Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Research Methods on Findings of First-Mover Advantage. Management Science,1997, 43(11),1510-1519.
[437]Veliyath. R. Strategic planning:Balancing short-run performance and longer term prospects. Long Range Planning,1992,25(3),86-97.
[438]Veliyath, R.& Shortell, S. M. Strategic orientation, strategic planning system characteristics and performance. Journal of Management Studies, 1993,30(3),359-381.
[439]Venkatraman, N.& Grant, J. H. Construct Measurement in Organizational Strategy Research:A Critique and Proposal. Academy of Management Review, 1986,11(1),71-87.
[440]Walsh, J. P. Managerial and Organizational Cognition:Notes from a Trip Down Memory Lane. Organization Science,1995,6(3),280-321.
[441]Wan. W. P.& Hoskisson, R. E. Home Country Environments. Corporate Diversification Strategies. and Firm Performance. Academy of Management Journal,2003,46(1),27-45.
[442]Wang, J.-C. Investigating market value and intellectual capital for S&P 500. Journal of Intellectual Capital,2008,9(4),546-563.
[443]Ward, T. B. Cognition, creativity, and entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing,2004,19(2),173-188.
[444]Washington, M.& Ventresca, M. J. How Organizations Change:The Role of Institutional Support Mechanisms in the Incorporation of Higher Education Visibility Strategies,1874-1995. Organization Science,2004,15(1),82-97.
[445]Weick, K. E. Sensemaking in organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage,1995.
[446]Wernerfelt, B. A Resource-Based View of the Finn. Strategic Management Journal,1984,5(2),171-180.
[447]Wiersema, M. F.& Bird, A. Organizational Demography in Japanese Firms: Group Heterogeneity. Individual Dissimilarity, and Top Management Team Turnover. Academy of Management Journal,1993.36(5).996-1025.
[448]Wiley. J. Expertise as mental set:The effects of domain knowledge in creative problem solving. Memory & Cognition (pre-2011),1998,26(4),716-730.
[449]Wilson, L. O.& Norton, J. A. Optimal Entry Timing for a Product Line Extension. Marketing Science,1989,8(1),1-17.
[450]Winter, S. G.& Szulanski, G Replication as Strategy. Organization Science, 2001,12(6),730-743.
[451]Withane, S. How strategy changes through the public sector growth cycle. Long Range Planning,1997,30(5),689-698.
[452]Woolhouse, L. S.& Bayne, R. Personality and the use of intuition:individual differences in strategy and performance on an implicit learning task. European Journal of Personality,2000,14(2),157-169.
[453]Woolridge, J. R.& Snow, C. C. Stock Market Reaction to Strategic Investment Decisions. Strategic Management Journal,1990,11(5),353-363.
[454]Wu, J.& Shanley, M. T. Knowledge stock, exploration, and innovation: Research on the United States electromedical device industry. Journal of Business Research,2009,62(4),474-483.
[455]Yasai-Ardekani, M.& Nystrom, P. C. Designs for Environmental Scanning Systems:Tests of a Contingency Theory. Management Science,1996,42(2), 187-204.
[456]Yonelinas, A. Recognition memory ROCs for item and associative information: The contribution of recollection and familiarity. Memory & Cognition,1997, 25(6),747-763.
[457]Zahra, S. A.& Bogner, W. C. Technology strategy and software new ventures' performance:Exploring the moderating effect of the competitive environment. Journal of Business Venturing,2000,15(2),135-173.
[458]Zahra, S. A.& George, G Absorptive Capacity:A Review, Reconceptualization, and Extension. Academy of Management Review.2002,27(2),185-203.
[459]Zahra, S. A., Ireland, R. D.& Hitt, M. A. International Expansion by New Venture Firms:International Diversity, Mode of Market Entry, Technological Learning, and Performance. The Academy of Management Journal,2000,43(5), 925-950.
[460]Zahra, S. A., Neubaum, D. O.& El-Hagrassey, G. M. Competitive Analysis and New Venture Performance:Understanding the Impact of Strategic Uncertainty and Venture Origin*. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2002,27(1),1-28.
[461]Zhang, J., Baden-Fuller, C.& Mangematin, V. Technological knowledge base, R&D organization structure and alliance formation:Evidence from the biopharmaceutical industry. Research Policy,2007,36(4),515-528.
[462]Zhang, S.& Markman, A. B. Overcoming the Early Entrant Advantage:The Role of Alignable and Nonalignable Differences. Journal of Marketing Research, 1998,35(4),413-426.
[463]Zhou, K. Z.& Li, C. B. How knowledge affects radical innovation:Knowledge base, market knowledge acquisition, and internal knowledge sharing. Strategic Management Journal,2012.33(9),1090-1102.
[464]艾肯鲍姆著，周仁来等译.记忆的认知神经科学——导论.北京：北京师范大学出版社,2008.
[465]安德森著,秦裕林等译.认知心理学及其启示.北京：人民邮电出版社，2012.
[466]陈禹.复杂性研究的新动向——基于主体的建模方法及其启迪.系统辩证学学报,2003，11(1),43-50.
[467]丹尼尔·卡尼曼，保罗·斯洛维奇和阿莫斯·特沃斯基著,方文，吴新利和张擎译.不确定状况下的判断：启发式和偏差.北京：中国人民大学出版社,2007.
[468]德维利斯著，魏勇刚，席仲恩，龙长权译.量表编制：理论与应用.重庆：重庆大学出版社.2010.
[469]福勒著，蒋逸民译.调查问卷的设计与评估.重庆：重庆大学出版社，2010.
[470]高鸿业.西方经济学.北京：中国人民大学出版社.2000.
[471]哥德·吉戈伦尔等著.刘永芳译.简捷启发式——让我们更精明.上海：华东师范大学出版社.2002.
[472]郭力平，杨治良.关于再认双加工机制的实验——反应速度的影响研究心理科学,2000，23(5).567-570.
[473]黄芳铭.结构方程模式理论与应用.北京：中国税务出版社，2005.
[474]侯杰泰.结构方程模型及其应用.北京：教育科学出版社,2005.
[475]李岩松，周仁来.再认记忆双加工的理论模型及研究方法.北京师范大学学报(自然科学版)，2008，44(3)，243-246.
[476]罗伯特·殷(Robert K.Yin)著，周海涛译.案例研究方法的应用.重庆：重庆大学出版社.2009.
[477]罗伯特·殷(Robert K.Yin)著.周海涛、李永贤、李虔译.案例研究：设计与方法.重庆：重庆大学出版社，2010.
[478]罗胜强.姜嫫.单维构念与多维构念的测量.In陈晓萍，徐淑英和攀景立主编.组织与管理研究的实证方法.北京：北京大学出版社.2008.
[479]吉仁泽著,刘永芳译.适应性思维：现实世界中的理性.上海：上海教育出版社,2006.
[480]奥利弗·E·威廉姆森著,姚海鑫,邢源源译.企业的性质：起源演变和发展.北京：商务印书馆,2007.
[481]彭学兵.基于知识观的技术创业组织方式选择研究.博士学位论文,浙江大学,2008.
[482]邱皓政,林碧芳.结构方程模型的原理与应用.北京：中国轻工业出版社,2009.
[483]司马贺著,荆其诚,张厚粲译.人类的认知——思维的信息加工理论.北京：科学出版社,1986.
[484]苏东水.产业经济学.北京：高等教育出版社,2000.
[485]温忠麟,刘红云和侯杰泰著.调节效应和中介效应分析.北京：教育科学出版社,2012.
[486]吴明隆.问卷统计分析实务：SPSS操作与应用.重庆：重庆大学出版社,2010.
[487]约翰-H.霍兰(JohnH.Holland)著,周晓牧,韩晖译.隐秩序.上海：上海科技教育出版社,2000.
[488]张钢,薄秋实.问题解决中的启发式：一个整合性的理论框架.自然辨证法通讯,2012,34(6),55-67.
[489]张钢,薄秋实.产业进入时机研究述评.科技进步与对策,2012,29(8),149-154.
[490]张文彤.SPSS统计分析高级教程.北京：高等教育出版社,2004.
[2]Agarwal, R., Echambadi, R., Franco, A. M.& Sarkar, M. B. Knowledge transfer through inheritance:Spinout generation, development, and survival. Academy of Management Journal,2004,47(4),501-522.
[3]Aldrich, H. Organizations Evolving. Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage,1999.
[4]Aldrich, H. E.& Fiol, C. M. Fools Rush in? The Institutional Context of Industry Creation. The Academy of Management Review,1994,19(4),645-670.
[5]Amason, A. C. Distinguishing the Effects of Functional and Dysfunctional Conflict on Strategic Decision Making:Resolving a Paradox for Top Management Teams. Academy of Management Journal,1996,39(1).123-148.
[6]Amason, A. C.& Sapienza, H. J. The Effects of Top Management Team Size and interaction Norms on Cognitive and Affective Conflict. Journal of Management. 1997,23(4).495-516.
[7]Amit, R.& Schoemaker. P. J. H. Strategic assets and organizational rent. Strategic Management Journal.1993.14(1).33-46.
[8]Anand. B.& Khanna. T. Do firms learn to create value? The case of alliances. Strategic Management Journal,2000,21(3).295-315.
[9]Andersen. T. J. Integrating Decentralized Strategy Making and Strategic Planning Processes in Dynamic Environments. Journal of Management Studies.2004. 41(8),1271-1299.
[10]Anderson, P.& Tushman, M. L. Technological Discontinuities and Dominant Designs:A Cyclical Model of Technological Change. Administrative Science Quarterly,1990.35(4).604-633.
[11]Andrews. K. R. The Concept of Corporate Strategy. Homewood. IL:Dow-Jones Irwin.1971.
[12]Argote. L.& Greve. H. R. A Behavioral Theory of the Firm-40 Years and Counting:Introduction and Impact. Organization Science.2007.18(3).337-349.
[13]Argote. L.& Miron-Spektor. E. Organizational Learning:From Experience to Knowledge. Organization Science,2011, orsc.1100.0621.
[14]Argyres. N. Capabilities. Technological Diversification and Divisionalization. Strategic Management Journal,1996,17(5),395-410.
[15]Arthur, W. B. Increasing returns and the new world of business. Harvard Business Review,1996,74(4),100-109.
[16]Ashmos, D. P., Duchon, D.& McDaniel, R. R., Jr. Participation in strategic decision making:The role of organizational predisposition and issue interpretation. Decision Sciences,1998,29(1),25-51.
[17]Ashmos, D. P.& McDaniel, R. R., Jr. Understanding the participation of critical task specialists in strategic decision making. Decision Sciences,1996,27(1), 103.
[18]Atuahene-Gima, K.& Li, H. Strategic Decision Comprehensiveness and New Product Development Outcomes in New Technology Ventures. The Academy of Management Journal,2004,47(4),583-597.
[19]Audia, P. G, Locke, E. A.& Smith, K. G. The Paradox of Success:An Archival and a Laboratory Study of Strategic Persistence Following Radical Environmental Change. Academy of Management Journal,2000,43(5), 837-853.
[20]Bain, J. S. Barriers to New Competition:Their Character and Consequences in Manufacturing Industries. Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press,1956.
[21]Baker Jr, F. E. Strategic planning in a U.S. Federal Agency. Long Range Planning, 1992,25(5),73-79.
[22]Balakrishnan, R., Hansen, S.& Labro, E. Evaluating Heuristics Used When Designing Product Costing Systems. Management Science,2011,57(3), 520-541.
[23]Bamford, C. E., Dean, T. J.& McDougall, P. P. An examination of the impact of initial founding conditions and decisions upon the performance of new bank start-ups. Journal of Business Venturing,2000,15(3),253-277.
[24]Barnes, J. H., Jr. Cognitive Biases and Their Impact on Strategic Planning. Strategic Management Journal,1984,5(2),129-137.
[25]Barnett, W. P.& Carroll, G. R. Modeling Internal Organizational Change. Annual Review of Sociology,1995,21(ArticleType:research-article/Full publication date:1995/Copyright(?)1995 Annual Reviews),217-236.
[26]Barnett, W. P.& Freeman, J. Too Much of a Good Thing? Product Proliferation and Organizational Failure. Organization Science,2001,12(5),539-558.
[27]Barnett, W. P.& Hansen, M. T. The Red Queen in Organizational Evolution. Strategic Management Journal,1996,17(ArticleType:research-article/Issue Title:Special Issue:Evolutionary Perspectives on Strategy/Full publication date:Summer,1996/Copyright(?)1996 Wiley),139-157.
[28]Barney, J. Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management.1991,17(1).99-120.
[29]Barney, J., Wright, M.& Ketchen, D. J. The resource-based view of the firm:Ten years after 1991. Journal of Management,2001,27(6),625-641.
[30]Baron, R. M.& Kenny, D. A. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research:conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology,1986,51(6),1173-1182.
[31]Barr, P. S. Adapting to Unfamiliar Environmental Events:A Look at the Evolution of Interpretation and Its Role in Strategic Change. Organization Science,1998,9(6),644-669.
[32]Barry, L. B.& Rajshree, A. The Role of Pre-Entry Experience, Entry Timing, and Product Technology Strategies in Explaining Firm Survival. Management Science,2007.53(12).1887-1902.
[33]Baum. J. A. C. Li, S. X.& Usher, J. M. Making the Next Move:How Experiential and Vicarious Learning Shape the Locations of Chains'Acquisitions. Administrative Science Quarterly.2000,45(4).766-801.
[34]Baum. J. R.& Wally, S. Strategic Decision Speed and Firm Performance. Strategic Management Journal,2003,24(11),1107-1129.
[35]Becker. M. C.& Knudsen. T. The role of routines in reducing pervasive uncertainty. Journal of Business Research,2005,58(6).746-757.
[36]Beckman, C. M.& Burton, M. D. Founding the Future:Path Dependence in the Evolution of Top Management Teams from Founding to IPO. Organization Science,2008,19(1).3-24.
[37]Bhide, A. The Origin and Evolution of New Businesses. New York:Oxford University Press,2000.
[38]Benner, M. J.& Tripsas, M. The influence of prior industry affiliation on framing in nascent industries:the evolution of digital cameras. Strategic Management Journal.2012.33(3).277-302.
[39]Berg. B. L. Qualitative research methods for the social scienee.Thousand Oaks. CA:Sage.2005.
[40]Berry, M. Strategic planning in small high tech companies. Long Range Planning. 1998,31(3),455-466.
[41]Bettis, R. A.& Prahalad, C. K. The Dominant Logic:Retrospective and Extension. Strategic Management Journal,1995,16(1),5-14.
[42]Bhide, A. How entrepreneurs craft strategies that work. Harvard Business Review,1994,72(2),150-161.
[43]Bierly, P.& Chakrabarti, A. Generic Knowledge Strategies in the U.S. Pharmaceutical Industry. Strategic Management Journal,1996,17(ArticleType: research-article/Issue Title:Special Issue:Knowledge and the Firm/Full publication date:Winter,1996/Copyright (?) 1996 Wiley),123-135.
[44]Bingham, C. B.& Eisenhardt, K. M. Rational heuristics:the'simple rules'that strategists learn from process experience. Strategic Management Journal,2011, 32(13),1437-1464.
[45]Binmore, K. Rational Decisions. Princeton, NJ:Princeton University Press, 2009.
[46]Boeker, W. Strategic Change:The Effects of Founding and History. The Academy of Management Journal,1989,32(3),489-515.
[47]Bogner, W. C.& Barr, P. S. Making Sense in Hypercompetitive Environments:A Cognitive Explanation for the Persistence of High Velocity Competition. Organization Science,2000,11(2),212-226.
[48]Bolton, M. K. Imitation versus innovation:Lessons to be learned from the Japanese. Organizational Dynamics,1993,21(3),30-45.
[49]Boulding, W.& Christen, M. Sustainable Pioneering Advantage? Profit Implications of Market Entry Order. Marketing Science,2003,22(3),371-392.
[50]Bourgeois, L. J., Ⅲ & Eisenhardt, K. M. Strategic Decision Processes in High Velocity Environments:Four Cases in the Microcomputer Industry. Management Science,1988,34(7),816-835.
[51]Bower G. H.& Hilgard E. R. Theories of learning. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall,1981.
[52]Brandenburger, A.& Stuart, H. W. Value-based business strategy. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy,1996,5(1),5-24.
[53]Brittain, J.& Freeman, J. H. Organizational proliferation and density dependent selection. In Kimberly, J.& Miles, M. (Eds.). Organizational life cycles. SanFrancisco:Jossey-Bass,1980.
[54]Bromiley, P. The behavioral foundations of strategic management. Oxford, UK: Blackwell,2005.
[55]Brouthers, K. D., Brouthers, L. E.& Werner, S. Influences on Strategic Decision-making in the Dutch Financial Services Industry. Journal of Management.2000,26(5).863-883.
[56]Bruderl. J., Preisendorfer, P.& Ziegler, R. Survival Chances of Newly Founded Business Organizations. American Sociological Review,1992,57(2).227-242.
[57]Bruderl, J.& Schussler, R. Organizational Mortality:The Liabilities of Newness and Adolescence. Administrative Science Quarterly,1990,35(3),530-547.
[58]Bryman, A. Animating the Pioneer versus Late Entrant Debate:An Historic Case Study. Journal of Management Studies,1997,34(3),415-438.
[59]Burgelman, R. A. Intraorganizational Ecology of Strategy Making and Organizational Adaptation:Theory and Field Research. Organization Science, 1991,2(3),239-262.
[60]Burgelman, R. A. Fading Memories:A Process Theory of Strategic Business Exit in Dynamic Environments. Administrative Science Quarterly,1994,39(1), 24-56.
[61]Busenitz, L. W.& Barney. J. B. Differences between entrepreneurs and managers in large organizations:Biases and heuristics in strategic decision-making. Journal of Business Venturing.1997.12(1).9-30.
[62]Butler. A. B.& Scherer. L. L. The Effects of Elicitation Aids. Knowledge, and Problem Content on Option Quantity and Quality. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes.1997.72(2).184-202.
[63]Cardinal, L. B., Sitkin, S. B.& Long, C. P. Balancing and Rebalancing in the Creation and Evolution of Organizational Control. Organization Science,2004. 15(4),411-431.
[64]Carroll, G. R., Bigelow. L. S., Seidel, M. D. L.& Tsai. L. B. The fates of De Novo and De Alio producers in the American Automobile Industry 1885-1981. Strategic Management Journal,1996,17(S1).117-137.
[65]Castrogiovanni. G. J. Environmental Munihcence; A Theoretical Assessment. Academy of Management Review.1991.16(3).542-565.
[66]Chacar. A. S.& Lieberman. M. B. Organizing for technological innovation in the U.S. pharmaceutical industry. Advances in Strategic Management.2003.20. 299-322.
[67]Chaiken, S.& Trope. Y.(Eds). Dual-process theories in social psychology. New York:Guilford,1999.
[68]Chandler, A. Strategy and Structure. Cambridge, MA:MIT Press,1962.
[69]Chandler, G. N.& Jansen, E. The founder's self-assessed competence and venture performance. Journal of Business Venturing,1992,7(3),223-236.
[70]Chang, S. J. An Evolutionary Perspective on Diversification and Corporate Restructuring:Entry, Exit, and Economic Performance During 1981-89. Strategic Management Journal,1996,17(8),587-611.
[71]Chatterjee, S.& Wernerfelt, B. The Link between Resources and Type of Diversification:Theory and Evidence. Strategic Management Journal,1991, 12(1),33-48.
[72]Chatterji, A. K. Spawned with a silver spoon? Entrepreneurial performance and innovation in the medical device industry. Strategic Management Journal,2009, 30(2),185-206.
[73]Chattopadhyay, P., Glick, W. H.& Huber, G. P. Organizational Actions in Response to Threats and Opportunities. Academy of Management Journal,2001, 44(5),937-955.
[74]Check-Teck, F., Grinyer, P. H.& McKiernan, P. Strategic planning in the ASEAN region. Long Range Planning,1992,25(5),80-90.
[75]Chen, P.-L., Williams, C.& Agarwal, R. Growing pains:Pre-entry experience and the challenge of transition to incumbency. Strategic Management Journal, 2012,33(3),252-276.
[76]Chesbrough, H. W. Environmental influences upon firm entry into new sub-markets:Evidence from the worldwide hard disk drive industry conditionally. Research Policy,2003,32(4),659-678.
[77]Chi, M. T. H., Feltovich, P. J.& Glaser, R. Categorization and Representation of Physics Problems by Experts and Novices*. Cognitive Science,1981,5(2), 121-152.
[78]Child, J. Organizational Structure, Environment and Performance:The Role of Strategic Choice. Sociology,1972,6(1),1-22.
[79]Cho, D.-S., Kim, D.-J.& Rhee, D. K. Latecomer Strategies:Evidence from the Semiconductor Industry in Japan and Korea. Organization Science,1998,9(4), 489-505.
[80]Christensen, C. M. The Innovator's Dilemma. Boston, MA:Harvard Business School Press,1997.
[81]Christensen, C. M.& Bower. J. L. Customer power, strategic investment, and the failure of leading firms. Strategic Management Journal,1996.17(3),197-218.
[82]Christensen, C. M. The Rigid Disk Drive Industry:A History of Commercial and Technological Turbulence. The Business History Review,1993,67(4),531-588.
[83]Clark, K. B.& Fujimoto T. Product Development in the World Automobile Industry. Boston. MA:Harvard Business School Press,1991.
[84]Cockburn, I. M., Henderson, R. M.& Stern, S. Untangling the origins of competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal.2000,21(10-11), 1123-1145.
[85]Cohen, M. D. Reading Dewey:Reflections on the Study of Routine. Organization Studies,2007,28(5),773-786.
[86]Cohen, M. D.& Bacdayan, P. Organizational Routines Are Stored As Procedural Memory:Evidence from a Laboratory Study. Organization Science,1994,5(4), 554-568.
[87]Cohen, J., Cohen, P., et al. Applied regression/correlation analysis for behavioral science. Mahwah. New Jersey:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers,2003.
[88]Cohen, W. M.& Levinthal, D. A. Absorptive Capacity:A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly,1990,35(1). 128-152.
[89]Collier, N., Fishwick, F.& Floyd, S. W. Managerial Involvement and Perceptions of Strategy Process. Long Range Planning,2004,37(1),67-83.
[90]Covin, J. G.& Slevin, D. P. Strategic Management of Small Firms in Hostile and Benign Environments. Strategic Management Journal,1989,10(1),75-87.
[91]Covin, J. G.. Slevin. D. P.& Schultz. R. L. Implementing strategic missions: effective strategic, structural and tactical choices. Journal of Management Studies.1994.31(4),481-505.
[92]Cyert. R. M.& March. J. G. A Behavioral Theory of the Firm. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall.1963.
[93]D'Este, P. How do firms' knowledge bases affect intra-industry heterogeneity?: An analysis of the Spanish pharmaceutical industry. Research Policy.2005. 34(1),33-45.
[94]Daft. R. Organizational Theory and Design. St. Paul, MN:West Publishing, 1989.
[95]Daft, R. L.& Weick. K. E. Toward a Model of Organizations as Interpretation Systems. Academy of Management Review,1984,9(2),284-295.
[96]Dane, E.& Pratt, M. G. Exploring intuition and its role in managerial decision making. Academy of Management Review,2007,32(1),33-54.
[97]Das, T. K.& Teng, B.-S. Cognitive Biases and Strategic Decision Processes:An Integrative Perspective. Journal of Management Studies,1999,36(6),757-778.
[98]Dean, J. W.& Sharfman, M. P. Procedural rationality in the strategic decision-making process. Journal of Management Studies,1993,30(4),587-610.
[99]Dean, J. W., Jr.& Sharfman, M. P. Does Decision Process Matter? A Study of Strategic Decision-Making Effectiveness. The Academy of Management Journal, 1996,39(2),368-396.
[100]Delmar, F.& Shane, S. Does experience matter? The effect of founding team experience on the survival and sales of newly founded ventures. Strategic Organization,2006,4(3),215-247.
[101]Demsetz, H. Barriers to Entry. The American Economic Review,1982,72(1), 47-57.
[102]Dencker, J. C., Gruber, M.& Shah, S. K. Pre-Entry Knowledge, Learning, and the Survival of New Firms. Organization Science,2009,20(3),516-537.
[103]Dess, G. G.& Beard, D. W. Dimensions of Organizational Task Environments. Administrative Science Quarterly,1984,29(1),52-73.
[104]Dooley, R. S.& Fryxell, G. E. Attaining Decision Quality and Commitment From Dissent:The Moderating Effects of Loyalty and Competence in Strategic Decision-Making Teams. Academy of Management Journal,1999,42(4), 389-402.
[105]Dooley, R. S., Fryxell, G. E.& Judge, W. Q. Belaboring the Not-So-Obvious: Consensus, Commitment, and Strategy Implementation Speed and Success. Journal of Management,2000,26(6),1237-1257.
[106]Dosi. G. Technological paradigms and technological trajectories:A suggested interpretation of the determinants and directions of technical change. Research Policy,1982,11(3),147-162.
[107]Do well, G. Product line strategies of new entrants in an established industry: Evidence from the US bicycle industry. Strategic Management Journal,2006, 27(10),959-979.
[108]Do well, G.& Swaminathan, A. Entry timing, exploration, and firm survival in the early US bicycle industry. Strategic Management Journal,2006,27(12), 1159-1182.
[109]Duncan, R. B. Characteristics of Organizational Environments and Perceived Environmental Uncertainty. Administrative Science Quarterly,1972,17(3), 313-327.
[110]Durand. R.& Coeurderoy, R. Age, order of entry, strategic orientation, and organizational performance. Journal of Business Venturing,2001,16(5), 471-494.
[111]Dutton, J. E. Interpretations on automatic:A different view of strategic issue diagnosis. Journal of Management Studies,1993,30(3),339-357.
[112]Dutton, J. E., Fahey, L.& Narayanan, V. K. Toward Understanding Strategic Issue Diagnosis. Strategic Management Journal,1983,4(4),307-323.
[113]Edmondson, A. C.& Mcmanus, S. E. Methodological fit in management field research. Academy of Management Review,2007,32(4),1246-1264.
[114]Edmondson, A. C., Winslow, A. B., Bohmer, R. M. J.& Pisano, G. P. Learning How and Learning What:Effects of Tacit and Codified Knowledge on Performance Improvement Following Technology Adoption. Decision Sciences. 2003.34(2),197-224.
[115]Eisenhardt, K.& Martin, J. Dynamic Capabilities:What Are They? Strategic Management Journal,2000,21(10/11),1105-1121.
[116]Eisenhardt. K. M. Making Fast Strategic Decisions in High-Velocity Environments. The Academy of Management Journal,1989a,32(3),543-576.
[117]Eisenhardt. K. M. Building Theories from Case Study Research. The Academy of Management Review.1989b,14(4).532-550.
[118]Eisenhardt, K. M.& Schoonhoven, C. B. Organizational Growth:Linking Founding Team, Strategy, Environment, and Growth Among U.S. Semiconductor Ventures.1978-1988. Administrative Science Quarterly,1990, 35(3).504-529.
[119]Eisenhardt, K. M.& Tabrizi, B. N. Accelerating Adaptive Processes:Product Innovation in the Global Computer Industry. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1995.40(1).84-110.
[120]Eisenhardt. K. M.& Zbaracki. M. J. Strategic decision making. Strategic Management Journal,1992.13(S2).17-37.
[121]Elbanna. S. Strategic decision-making:Process perspectives. International Journal of Management Reviews.2006.8(1),1-20.
[122]Elbanna, S.& Child, J. Influences on strategic decision effectiveness: Development and test of an integrative model. Strategic Management Journal, 2007,28(4),431-453.
[123]Elenkov, D. S. Strategic Uncertainty and Environmental Scanning:The Case for Institutional Influences on Scanning Behavior. Strategic Management Journal, 1997,18(4),287-302.
[124]Ernst, H. Patent applications and subsequent changes of performance:evidence from time-series cross-section analyses on the firm level. Research Policy,2001, 30(1),143-157.
[125]Evans, D. S. Leighton, L.S. Some empirical aspects of entrepreneurship. American Economic Review,1989,79,519-535.
[126]Evans, J. S. B. T. Dual-Processing Accounts of Reasoning, Judgment, and Social Cognition. Annual Review of Psychology,2008,59(1),255-278.
[127]Farjoun, M.& Lai, L. Similarity Judgments in Strategy Formulation:Role, Process and Implications. Strategic Management Journal,1997,18(4),255-273.
[128]Feeser, H. R.& Willard, G. E. Founding Strategy and Performance:A Comparison of High and Low Growth High Tech Firms. Strategic Management Journal,1990,11(2),87-98.
[129]Feldman, M. S. Order without design. Stanford, CA:Stanford Univeresity Press, 1989.
[130]Feldman, M. S.& Pentland, B. T. Reconceptualizing Organizational Routines as a Source of Flexibility and Change. Administrative Science Quarterly,2003, 48(1),94-118.
[131]Feldman, M. S.& Rafaeli, A. Organizational Routines as Sources of Connections and Understandings. Journal of Management Studies,2002,39(3), 309-331.
[132]Fern, M. J., Cardinal, L. B.& O'Neill, H. M. The genesis of strategy in new ventures:escaping the constraints of founder and team knowledge. Strategic Management Journal,2012,33(4),427-447.
[133]Ferrier, W. J. Navigating the Competitive Landscape:The Drivers and Consequences of Competitive Aggressiveness. Academy of Management Journal, 2001,44(4),858-877.
[134]Finkelstein, S.& Hambrick, D. C. Top-Management-Team Tenure and Organizational Outcomes:The Moderating Role of Managerial Discretion. Administrative Science Quarterly,1990,35(3),484-503.
[135]Finney, R. Z., Lueg, J. E.& Campbell, N. D. Market pioneers, late movers, and the resource-based view (RBV):A conceptual model. Journal of Business Research,2008,61(9),925-932.
[136]Fiol, C. M.& Huff, A. S. Maps for managers:where are we? where do we go from here? Journal of Management Studies,1992,29(3),267-285.
[137]Fiske, S. T.& Taylor, S. E. Social Cognition. New York:McGraw-Hill,1991.
[138]Fleming, L.& Sorenson, O. Technology as a complex adaptive system: evidence from patent data. Research Policy,2001,30(7),1019-1039.
[139]Forbes, D. P. Managerial Determinants of Decision Speed in New Ventures. Strategic Management Journal,2005,26(4),355-366.
[140]Forbes, D. P.& Milliken, F. J. Cognition and Corporate Governance: Understanding Boards of Directors as Strategic Decision-Making Groups. Academy of Management Review,1999,24(3),489-505.
[141]Ford, C. M.& Gioia, D. A. Factors Influencing Creativity in the Domain of Managerial Decision Making. Journal of Management,2000,26(4),705-732.
[142]Ford, J. D.& Baucus, D. A. Organizational Adaptation to Performance Downturns:An Interpretation-Based Perspective. Academy of ManagementReview，1987，12(2).366-380.
[143]Foss, N. J.& Langlois, R. N. Capabilities and governance:The rebirth of production in the theory of economic organization. Druid working paper 97-2, Aalborg University,1997.
[144]Fredrickson, J. W. The Comprehensiveness of Strategic Decision Processes: Extension, Observations, Future Directions. Academy of Management Journal, 1984,27(3),445-466.
[145]Fredrickson, J. W. Effects of Decision Motive and Organizational Performance Level on Strategic Decision Processes. Academy of Management Journal,1985, 28(4),821-843.
[146]Fredrickson, J. W. An Exploratory Approach to Measuring Perceptions of Strategic Decision Process Constructs. Strategic Management Journal,1986, 7(5),473-483.
[147]Fredrickson, J. W.& Iaquinto, A. L. Inertia And Creeping Rationality In Strategic Decision Processes. Academy of Management Journal,1989,32(3), 516-542.
[148]Fredrickson, J. W.& Mitchell, T. R. Strategic Decision Processes: Comprehensiveness and Performance in an Industry with an Unstable Environment. Academy of Management Journal,1984,27(2),399-423.
[149]Frentzel Ii, W. Y, Bryson, J. M.& Crosby, B. C Strategic Planning in the Military:The US Naval Security Group changes its strategy,1992-1998. Long Range Planning,2000,33(3),402-429.
[150]Fuentelsaz, L., Gomez, J.& Polo, Y. Followers'entry timing:evidence from the Spanish banking sector after deregulation. Strategic Management Journal,2002, 23(3),245-264.
[151]Ganco, M.& Agarwal, R. Performance Differentials between Diversifying Entrants and Entrepreneurial Start-Ups:A Complexity Approach. Academy of Management Review,2009,34(2),228-252.
[152]Garud, R.& Rappa, M. A. A Socio-Cognitive Model of Technology Evolution: The Case of Cochlear Implants. Organization Science,1994,5(3),344-362.
[153]Garvin, D. A. Spin-offs and the new firm formation process. California Management Review,1983,25(2),3-20.
[154]Gary, M. S.& Wood, R. E. Mental models, decision rules, and performance heterogeneity. Strategic Management Journal,2011,32(6),569-594.
[155]Gary, M. S., Wood, R. E.& Pillinger, T. Enhancing mental models, analogical transfer, and performance in strategic decision making. Strategic Management Journal,2012,33(11),1229-1246.
[156]Gavetti, G. PERSPECTIVE-Toward a Behavioral Theory of Strategy. Organization Science,2011,22(5),1359-1367.
[157]Gavetti, G.& Levinthal, D. Looking forward and looking backward:Cognitive and experiential search. Administrative Science Quarterly,2000,45(1),113-137.
[158]Gavetti, G., Levinthal, D.& Ocasio, W. Neo-carnegie:The carnegie school's past, present, and reconstructing for the future. Organization Science,2007, 18(3),523-536.
[159]Gavetti, G, Levinthal, D. A.& Rivkin, J. W. Strategy making in novel and complex worlds:The power of analogy. Strategic Management Journal,2005, 26(8),691-712.
[160]Gavetti, G.& Rivkin, J. W. On the origin of strategy:Action and cognition over time. Organization Science,2007,18(3),420-439.
[161]Georg von, K.& Roos, J. A Tale of the Unfinished. Strategic Management Journal,1996,17(9),729-737.
[162]George, E., Chattopadhyay, P., Sitkin, S. B.& Barden, J. Cognitive Underpinnings of Institutional Persistence and Change:A Framing Perspective. The Academy of Management Review,2006.31(2).347-365.
[163]Gerbing, D. W., Hamilton, J. G.& Freeman, E. B. A Large-scale Second-order Structural Equation Model of the Influence of Management Participation on Organizational Planning Benefits. Journal of Management,1994,20(4), 859-885.
[164]Ghemawat, P. Commitment:The Dynamics of Strategy. New York:Free Press, 1991.
[165]Giarratana, M. S. Missing the starting gun:de alio entry order in new markets, inertia and real option capabilities. European Management Review,2008,5(2), 115-124.
[166]Gigerenzer, G. Adaptive thinking:Rationality in the real world. New York: Oxford University Press,2000.
[167]Gigerenzer, G.& Gaissmaier, W. Heuristic Decision Making. Annual Review of Psychology,2011.62(1).451-482.
[168]Gigerenzer, G.& Goldstein. D. G. Reasoning the fast and frugal way:Models of bounded rationality. Psychological Review,1996.103(4),650-669.
[169]Gigerenzer. G, Todd. P. M..& the ABC Group. Simple heuristics that make us smart. New York:Oxford University Press.1999.
[170]Gilbert. D. T. Thinking lightly about others:Automatic components of the social inference process. In Uleman J.& Bargh J. A.(Eds). Unintended thought. Englewood Cliffs. NJ:Prentice-Hall.1989.
[171]Gilovich, T., Griffith, D.& Kahneman, D.(Eds). Heuristics and biases:The psychology of intuitive judgment. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press. 2002.
[172]Gimeno, J.. Folta. T. B., Cooper, A. C.& Woo. C. Y. Survival of the Fittest? Entrepreneurial Human Capital and the Persistence of Underperforming Firms. Administrative Science Quarterly,1997.42(4).750-783.
[173]Ginsberg. A. Measuring and Modelling Changes in Strategy:Theoretical Foundations and Empirical Directions. Strategic Management Journal.1988. 9(6).559-575.
[174]Goel, R. K. Innovation, market structure, and welfare:a Stackelberg model. Quarterly Review of Economics and Business,1990,30(1),40-54.
[175]Golden, B. R.& Zajac, E. J. When Will Boards Influence Strategy? Inclination x Power= Strategic Change. Strategic Management Journal,2001,22(12), 1087-1111.
[176]Golder, P. N.& Tellis, G. J. Pioneer Advantage:Marketing Logic or Marketing Legend? Journal of Marketing Research,1993,30(2),158-170.
[177]Goll, I.& Rasheed, A. M. A. Rational decision-making and firm performance: the moderating role of the environment. Strategic Management Journal,1997, 18(7),583-591.
[178]Gompers, P., Lerner, J.& Scharfstein, D. Entrepreneurial Spawning:Public Corporations and the Genesis of New Ventures,1986 to 1999. The Journal of Finance,2005,60(2),577-614.
[179]Goodwin, V. L.& Ziegler, L. A Test of Relationships in a Model of Organizational Cognitive Complexity. Journal of Organizational Behavior,1998, 19(4),371-386.
[180]Gort, M.& Klepper, S. Time Paths in the Diffusion of Product Innovations. The Economic Journal,1982,92(367),630-653.
[181]Grant, R. Toward a Knowledge-Based Theory of the Firm. Strategic Management Journal,1996,17,109-122.
[182]Grant, R. M. Strategic Planning in a Turbulent Environment:Evidence from the Oil Majors. Strategic Management Journal,2003,24(6),491-517.
[183]Hambrick, D. C.& Mason, P. A. Upper Echelons:The Organization as a Reflection of Its Top Managers. Academy of Management Review,1984,9(2), 193-206.
[184]Hamel, G.& Prahalad, C.K. Competing for the future:Breakthrough strategies for seizing control of your industry and creating the markets of tomorrow. Boston, MA:Harvard Business School Press,1994.
[185]Hannan, M. T., Carroll, G. R., Dobrev, S. D.& Joon, H. Organizational Mortality in European and American Automobile Industries. Part I:Revisiting the Effects of Age and Size. European Sociological Review,1998,14(3), 279-302.
[186]Hannan, M. T.& Freeman, J. The Population Ecology of Organizations. American Journal of Sociology,1977,82(5),929-964.
[187]Hannan, M. T.& Freeman, J. Structural Inertia and Organizational Change. American Sociological Review,1984,49(2),149-164.
[188]Hannan, M. T.& Freeman, J. Where Do Organizational Forms Come from? Sociological Forum,1986,1(1),50-72.
[189]Hannan. M. T.& Freeman, J. The Ecology of Organizational Mortality: American Labor Unions,1836-1985. American Journal of Sociology,1988, 94(1),25-52.
[190]Hargadon, A.& Sutton, R. I. Technology Brokering and Innovation in a Product Development Firm. Administrative Science Quarterly,1997,42(4),716-749.
[191]Harrison, J., Lin, Z., Carroll, G.& Carley, K. Simulation Modeling in Organizational and Management Research. The Academy of Management Review ARCHIVE,2007,32(4),1229-1245.
[192]Hart, S. L. An Integrative Framework for Strategy-Making Processes. Academy of Management Review,1992,17(2),327-351.
[193]Hayes, J.& Allinson, C. W. Cognitive Style and its Relevance for Management Practice. British Journal of Management,1994,5(1),53.
[194]Helfat, C. E.& Lieberman, M. B. The birth of capabilities:market entry and the importance of pre-history. Industrial and Corporate Change,2002.11(4). 725-760.
[195]Helfat. C. E.& Raubitschek. R. S. Product Sequencing:Co-Evolution of Knowledge. Capabilities and Products. Strategic Management Journal,2000, 21(10/11).961-979.
[196]Helfat. C. E.& Raubitschek. R. S. Product Sequencing:Co-Evolution of Knowledge. Capabilities and Products. Strategic Management Journal,2000. 21(10/11),961-979.
[197]Henderson. R.& Cockburn. I. Measuring Competence? Exploring Firm Effects in Pharmaceutical Research. Strategic Management Journal.1994.15.63-84.
[198]Henderson. R. M.& Clark. K. B. Architectural Innovation:The Reconfiguration of Existing Product Technologies and the Failure of Established Firms. Administrative Science Quarterly,1990,35(1),9-30.
[199]Hickson, D., Butler. R., Cray, D., Mallory, G.& Wilson. D. Top decisions: Strategic decision making in organizations. San Francisco. CA:Jossey-Bass. 1986.
[200]Hiller. N. J.& Hambrick. D. C. Conceptualizing Executive Hubris:The Role of (Hyper-)Core Self-Evaluations in Strategic Decision-Making. Strategic Management Journal,2005,26(4),297-319.
[201]Hitt, M. A., Dacin, M. T., Tyler, B. B.& Park, D. Understanding the Differences in Korean and U.S. Executives' Strategic Orientations. Strategic Management Journal,1997,18(2),159-167.
[202]Hitt, M. A., Keats, B. W.& DeMarie, S. M. Navigating in the new competitive landscape:Building strategic flexibility and competitive advantage in the 21st century. The Academy of Management Executive,1998,12(4),22-42.
[203]Hodgkinson, G. P., Bown, N. J., Maule, A. J., Glaister, K. W.& Pearman, A. D. Breaking the frame:an analysis of strategic cognition and decision making under uncertainty. Strategic Management Journal,1999,20(10),977-985.
[204]Hodgkinson, G. P.& Healey, M. P. Cognition in Organizations. Annual Review of Psychology,2008,59(1),387-417.
[205]Hodgkinson, G. P.& Johnson, G. Exploring the mental models of competitive strategists:The case for a processual approach. Journal of Management Studies, 1994,31(4),525-552.
[206]Hodgkinson, G. P.& Thomas, A. B. Editorial introduction to the special issue: Thinking in organizations. Journal of Management Studies,1997,34(6), 845-850.
[207]Holbrook, D., Cohen, W. M., Hounshell, D. A.& Klepper, S. The nature, sources, and consequences of firm differences in the early history of the semiconductor industry. Strategic Management Journal,2000,21(10-11), 1017-1041.
[208]Holcomb, T. R., Ireland, R. D., Holmes Jr, R. M.& Hitt, M. A. Architecture of Entrepreneurial Learning:Exploring the Link Among Heuristics, Knowledge, and Action. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2009,33(1),167-192.
[209]Hopkins, W. E.& Hopkins, S. A. Strategic Planning-Financial Performance Relationships in Banks:A Causal Examination. Strategic Management Journal, 1997,18(8),635-652.
[210]Hough, J. R.& White, M. A. Environmental dynamism and strategic decision-making rationality:an examination at the decision level. Strategic Management Journal,2003,24(5),481-489.
[211]Howell, W. C. Representation of frequency in memory. Psychological Bulletin, 1973,80(1),44-53.
[212]Hsu, D. H. What Do Entrepreneurs Pay for Venture Capital Affiliation? The Journal of Finance,2004,59(4),1805-1844.
[213]Huff, A. S. Industry Influences on Strategy Reformulation. Strategic Management Journal,1982,3(2),119-131.
[214]Huff, A. S. Managerial and organizational cognition:Islands of coherence. In K. G. Smith & M. A. Hitt (Eds.). Great minds in management:The process of theory development. Oxford, UK:Oxford University Press,2006.
[215]Huff, A. S.& Jenkins. M. Mapping Strategic Knowledge. Thousand Oaks, London. CA:Sage,2002.
[216]Hutzschenreuter, T.& Kleindienst, I. Strategy-Process Research:What Have We Learned and What Is Still to Be Explored. Journal of Management,2006, 32(5),673-720.
[217]Iaquinto, A. L.& Fredrickson, J. W. Top Management Team Agreement about the Strategic Decision Process:A Test of Some of Its Determinants and Consequences. Strategic Management Journal,1997,18(1),63-75.
[218]Ingram, P.& Baum, J. A. C. Opportunity and Constraint:Organizations' Learning from the Operating and Competitive Experience of Industries. Strategic Management Journal,1997,18,75-98.
[219]Isabella, L. A.& Waddock. S. A. Top Management Team Certainty: Environmental Assessments. Teamwork, and Performance Implications. Journal of Management,1994.20(4).835-858.
[220]Itami, H.& Numagami, T. Dynamic Interaction between Strategy and Technology. Strategic Management Journal,1992.13.119-135.
[221]Ito. K. Japanese Spinoffs:Unexplored Survival Strategies. Strategic Management Journal,1995.16(6),431-446.
[222]Jackson, S. E.& Dutton, J. E. Discerning Threats and Opportunities. Administrative Science Quarterly,1988,33(3).370-387.
[223]Jacoby. L. L. A process dissociation framework:Separating automatic from intentional uses of memory. Journal of Memory and Language.1991.30(5), 513-541.
[224]Jenkins. M.& Johnson, G. Entrepreneurial intentions and outcomes:A comparative causal mapping study. Journal of Management Studies,1997,34(6), 895-920.
[225]Joshi. Y. V.. Reibstein. D. J.& Zhang. Z. J. Optimal Entry Timing in Markets with Social Influence. Management Science,2009,55(6),926-939.
[226]Judge, W. Q.& Miller, A. Antecedents and Outcomes of Decision Speed in Different Environmental Context. Academy of Management Journal,1991,34(2), 449-463.
[227]Kaghan, W. N., Strauss, A. L., Barley, S. R., Brannen, M. Y.& Thomas, R. J. The Practice and Uses of Field Research in the 21st Century Organization. Journal of Management Inquiry,1999,8(1),67-81.
[228]Kaghan, W. N., Strauss, A. L., Barley, S. R., Brannen, M. Y.& Thomas, R. J. The Practice and Uses of Field Research in the 21st Century Organization. Journal of Management Inquiry,1999,8(1),67-81.
[229]Kahneman, D. A perspective on judgment and choice-Mapping bounded rationality. American Psychologist,2003,58(9),697-720.
[230]Kahneman, D.& Frederick, S. Representativeness revisited:Attribute substitution in intuitive judgment. In T. Gilovich, D. Griffin,& Kahneman D.(Eds). Heuristics and biases. New York:Cambridge University Press,2002.
[231]Kale, P.& Singh, H. Building Firm Capabilities through Learning:The Role of the Alliance Learning Process in Alliance Capability and Firm-Level Alliance Success. Strategic Management Journal,2007,28(10),981-1000.
[232]Kamel, M.& Michael, J. Does it pay to be a first mover in e.commerce? The case ofAmazon.com. Management Decision,2000,38(7),445-452.
[233]Kaplan, S. Research in Cognition and Strategy:Reflections on Two Decades of Progress and a Look to the Future. Journal of Management Studies,2011,48(3), 665-695.
[234]Katila, R.& Ahuja, G. Something Old, Something New:A Longitudinal Study of Search Behavior and New Product Introduction. The Academy of Management Journal,2002,45(6),1183-1194.
[235]Kauffman, S., Lobo, J.& Macready, W. G. Optimal search on a technology landscape. Journal of Economic Behavior& Organization,2000,43(2), 141-166.
[236]Kauffman, S. A.& Weinberger, E. D. The NK model of rugged fitness landscapes and its application to maturation of the immune response. Journal of Theoretical Biology,1989,141(2),211-245.
[237]Kerin, R. A., Kalyanaram, G.& Howard, D. J. Product Hierarchy and Brand Strategy Influences on the Order of Entry Effect for Consumer Packaged Goods. Journal of Product Innovation Management,1996,13(1),21-34.
[238]Kerin, R. A., Varadarajan, P. R.& Peterson, R. A. First-Mover Advantage:A Synthesis, Conceptual Framework, and Research Propositions. The Journal of Marketing,1992,56(4),33-52.
[239]Khatri, N.& Ng, H. A. The Role of Intuition in Strategic Decision Making. Human Relations,2000,53(1).57-86.
[240]Khessina, O. M. Effects of entry mode and incumbency status on the rates of firm product innovation in the worldwide optical disk drive industry,1983-1999. Working paper, University of California, Berkeley,2002.
[241]Khessina, O. M.& Carroll, G. R. Product demography of de novo and de alio firms in the optical disk drive industry,1983-1999. Organization Science,2008, 19(1),25-38.
[242]Kim, W. C.& Mauborgne, R. Procedural Justice, Strategic Decision Making, and the Knowledge Economy. Strategic Management Journal,1998,19(4), 323-338.
[243]Kimberly, J. R. Issues in the Creation of Organizations:Initiation, Innovation. and Institutionalization. Academy of Management Journal,1979,22(3). 437-457.
[244]Kimberly. J. R.& Bouchikhi, H. The Dynamics of Organizational Development and Change:How the Past Shapes the Present and Constrains the Future. Organization Science,1995,6(1).9-18.
[245]King, A. A.& Tucci, C. L. Incumbent Entry into New Market Niches:The Role of Experience and Managerial Choice in the Creation of Dynamic Capabilities. Management Science,2002,48(2).171-186.
[246]Klepper, S. Employee Startups in High-Tech Industries. Industrial and Corporate Change,2001,10(3),639-674.
[247]Klepper, S. Firm Survival and the Evolution of Oligopoly. The RAND Journal of Economics,2002a,33(1).37-61.
[248]Klepper, S. The capabilities of new firms and the evolution of the US automobile industry. Ind Corp Change,2002b,11(4),645-666.
[249]Klepper, S.& Graddy, E. The Evolution of New Industries and the Determinants of Market Structure. The RAND Journal of Economics.1990. 21(1),27-44.
[250]Klepper. S.& Simons. K. L. Dominance by Birthright:Entry of Prior Radio Producers and Competitive Ramifications in the U.S. Television Receiver Industry. Strategic Management Journal,2000,21(10/11),997-1016.
[251]Klepper, S.& Sleeper, S. Entry by spinoffs. Management Science,2005,51(8), 1291-1306.
[252]Kopel, M.& Loffler, C. Commitment, first-mover-, and second-mover advantage. Journal of Economics,2008,94(2),143-166.
[253]Kunc, M. H.& Morecroft, J. D. W. Managerial decision making and firm performance under a resource-based paradigm. Strategic Management Journal, 2010,31(11),1164-1182.
[254]Lambkin, M. Order of entry and performance in new markets. Strategic Management Journal,1988,9(S1),127-140.
[255]Lampel, J.& Shamsie, J. Probing the Unobtrusive Link:Dominant Logic and the Design of Joint Ventures at General Electric. Strategic Management Journal, 2000,21(5),593-602.
[256]Lant, T. K., Milliken, F. J.& Batra, B. The Role of Managerial Learning and Interpretation in Strategic Persistence and Reorientation:An Empirical Exploration. Strategic Management Journal,1992,13(8),585-608.
[257]Lazear, E. P. Balanced Skills and Entrepreneurship. The American Economic Review,2004,94(2),208-211.
[258]Lee, H.& Shin, H.-D. Which subfield to enter first?:The role of a firm's pre-entry experiences. Journal of Business Research,2010,63(12),1310-1316.
[259]Leiponen, A.& Helfat. C. E. Innovation objectives, knowledge sources, and the benefits of breadth. Strategic Management Journal,2010,31(2),224-236.
[260]Levinthal, D.& March, J. The Myopia of Learning. Strategic Management Journal,1993,14,95-112.
[261]Levinthal, D. A. Adaptation on Rugged Landscapes. Management Science, 1997,43(7),934-950.
[262]Levitt, B.& March, J. G. Organizational Learning. Annual Review of Sociology, 1988,14(1988),319-340.
[263]Lieberman, M. B.& Montgomery, D. B. First-mover advantages. Strategic Management Journal,1988,9(S1),41-58.
[264]Lieberman, M. B.& Montgomery, D. B. First-mover (dis)advantages: retrospective and link with the resource-based view. Strategic Management Journal,1998,19(12),1111-1125.
[265]-Lilien, G. L.& Yoon, E. The Timing of Competitive Market Entry:An Exploratory Study of New Industrial Products. Management Science,1990, 36(5),568-585.
[266]Lopez, L. E.& Roberts, E. B. First-mover advantages in regimes of weak appropriability:the case of financial services innovations. Journal of Business Research.2002,55(12),997-1005.
[267]Louis, M. R.& Sutton, R. I. Switching Cognitive Gears:From Habits of Mind to Active Thinking. Human Relations,1991,44(1),55-76.
[268]Lurigio, A. J.& Carroll, J. S. Probation officers'schemata of offenders:content, development, and impact on treatment decisions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1985,48,1112-1126.
[269]Mahajan, V.& Muller, E. Timing, diffusion, and substitution of successive generations of technological innovations:The IBM mainframe case. Technological Forecasting and Social Change,1996,51(2),109-132.
[270]March, J. G. Rationality, foolishness, and adaptive intelligence. Strategic Management Journal.2006,27(3),201-214.
[271]March, J. G. Schultz. M.& Zhou. X. The Dynamics of Rules. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press,2000.
[272]March. J. G.& Shapira. Z. Managerial Perspectives on Risk and Risk Taking. Management Science.1987.33(11).1404-1418.
[273]March. J. G.& Simon. H. A. Organizations. New York:Wiley.1958.
[274]Marginson, D. E. W. Management Control Systems and Their Effects on Strategy Formation at Middle-Management Levels:Evidence from a U.K. Organization. Strategic Management Journal,2002,23(11).1019-1031.
[275]Markoczy, L. Measuring Beliefs:Accept no Substitutes. Academy of Management Journal,1997,40(5),1228-1242.
[276]Martins, L. L.& Kambil, A. Looking Back and Thinking Ahead:Effects of Prior Success on Managers'Interpretations of New Information Technologies. The Academy of Management Journal,1999,42(6),652-661.
[277]McGahan. A. M.& Porter. M.E. How much does industry matter, really? Strategic Management Journal,1997.18,15-30.
[278]Merino, F.& Rodriguez. D. R. A Consistent Analysis of Diversification Decisions with Non-Observable Firm Effects. Strategic Management Journal. 1997,18(9).733-743.
[279]Miller. C. C. Burke. L. M.& Glick. W. H. Cognitive diversity among upper-echelon executives:implications for strategic decision processes. Strategic Management Journal,1998,19(1),39-58.
[280]Miller, C. C.& Cardinal, L. B. Strategic Planning and Firm Performance:A Synthesis of More Than Two Decades of Research. Academy of Management Journal,1994,37(6),1649-1665.
[281]Miller, C. C., Cardinal, L. B.& Glick, W. H. Retrospective Reports In Organizational Research:A Reexamination Of Recent Evidence. Academy of Management Journal,1997,40(1),189-204.
[282]Miller, C. C.& Ireland, R. D. Intuition in strategic decision making:Friend or foe in the fast-paced 21st century? The Academy of Management Executive, 2005,19(1),19-30.
[283]Miller, D. Strategy Making and Structure:Analysis and Implications for Performance. The Academy of Management Journal,1987,30(1),7-32.
[284]Miller, D. Relating Porter's Business Strategies to Environment and Structure: Analysis and Performance Implications. Academy of Management Journal,1988, 31(2),280-308.
[285]Miller, D. Stale in the Saddle:CEO Tenure and the Match between Organization and Environment. Management Science,1991,37(1),34-52.
[286]Miller, D.& Friesen, P. H. Strategy-making and environment:The third link. Strategic Management Journal,1983,4(3),221-235.
[287]Mintzberg, H. Crafting strategy. Harvard Business Review,1987,65(4),66-75.
[288]Mintzberg, H. Strategy-Making in Three Modes. California Management Review,1973,16(2),44-53.
[289]Mintzberg, H., Raisinghani, D.& Theoret, A. The Structure of "Unstructured" Decision Processes. Administrative Science Quarterly,1976,21(2),246-275.
[290]Mintzberg, H.& Waters, J. A. Of Strategies, Deliberate and Emergent. Strategic Management Journal,1985,6(3),257-272.
[291]Mitchell, W. Whether and When? Probability and Timing of Incumbents'Entry into Emerging Industrial Subfields. Administrative Science Quarterly,1989, 34(2),208-230.
[292]Mitchell, W. Dual Clocks:Entry Order Influences on Incumbent and Newcomer Market Share and Survival When Specialized Assets Retain Their Value. Strategic Management Journal,1991,12(2),85-100.
[293]Mol, M. J.& Birkinshaw, J. The sources of management innovation:When firms introduce new management practices. Journal of Business Research,2009, 62(12),1269-1280.
[294]Mol, M. J.& Birkinshaw, J. The sources of management innovation:When firms introduce new management practices. Journal of Business Research,2009, 62(12),1269-1280.
[295]Molloy, S.& Schwenk. C. R. The effects of information technology on strategic decision making. Journal of Management Studies,1995.32(3).283-311.
[296]Montgomery, C. A.& Hariharan, S. Diversified expansion by large established firms. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization,1991,15(1),71-89.
[297]Moorman, C.& Miner, A. S. Organizational Improvisation and Organizational Memory. The Academy of Management Review,1998,23(4),698-723.
[298]Moorthy, S.& Polley, D. E. Technological knowledge breadth and depth: performance impacts. Journal of Knowledge Management,2010,14(3), 359-377.
[299]Mueller. D. C. First-mover advantages and path dependence. International Journal of Industrial Organization,1997,15(6).827-850.
[300]Murthi, B. P. S., Srinivasan, K.& Kalyanaram, G. Controlling for Observed and Unobserved Managerial Skills in Determining First-Mover Market Share Advantages. Journal of Marketing Research.1996.33(3).329-336.
[301]Nadkarni. S.& Barr. P. S. Environmental context, managerial cognition, and strategic action:an integrated view. Strategic Management Journal.2008,29(13). 1395-1427.
[302]Nadkarni, S.& Narayanan, V. K. The Evolution of Collective Strategy Frames in High-and Low-Velocity Industries. Organization Science,2007,18(4), 688-710.
[303]Nadkarni. S.& Narayanan. V. K. Strategic schemas. strategic flexibility, and firm performance:the moderating role of industry clockspeed. Strategic Management Journal,2007,28(3),243-270.
[304]Nakata. C.& Sivakumar. K. Emerging market conditions and their impact on first mover advantages:An integrative review. International Marketing Review. 1997,14(6).461-485.
[305]Narayanan. V. K.. Zane, L. J.& Kemmerer. B. The Cognitive Perspective in Strategy:An Integrative Review. Journal of Management.2011.37(1).305-351.
[306]Nehrt, C. Maintainability of First Mover Advantages When Environmental Regulations Differ between Countries. The Academy of Management Review, 1998,23(1),77-97.
[307]Nelson, R. R.& Winter, S. G An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press,1982.
[308]Nerkar, A.& Roberts, P. W. Technological and product-market experience and the success of new product introductions in the pharmaceutical industry. Strategic Management Journal,2004,25(8-9),779-799.
[309]Newell, A., Shaw, J. C.& Simon, H. A. Elements of a theory of human problem solving. Psychological Review,1958,65(3),151-166.
[310]Newell, A.& Simon, H. A. Human problem solving. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall,1972.
[311]Nickerson, J. A.& Zenger, T. R. A Knowledge-Based Theory of the Firm-The Problem-Solving Perspective. Organization Science,2004,15(6),617-632.
[312]Nisbett, R.& Ross, L. Human inference:Strategies and shortcomings of social judgment. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall,1980.
[313]Nonaka, I. A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation. Organization Science,1994,5(1),14-37.
[314]Nonaka, I.& von Krogh, G Perspective-Tacit Knowledge and Knowledge Conversion:Controversy and Advancement in Organizational Knowledge Creation Theory. Organization Science,2009,20(3),635-652.
[315]Nordman, E. R.& Melen, S. The impact of different kinds of knowledge for the internationalization process of Born Globals in the biotech business. Journal of World Business,2008,43(2),171-185.
[316]Nonaka, I.& Takeuchi, H. The Knowledge-Creating Company:How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation. Oxford, UK:Oxford University Press,1995.
[317]Nunnally, J. C. Psychometric Theory. New York:McGraw Hill Book Company, 1994.
[318]Nutt, P. C. The Formulation Processes and Tactics Used in Organizational Decision Making. Organization Science,1993,4(2),226-251.
[319]Nutt, P. C. How Decision Makers Evaluate Alternatives and the Influence of Complexity. Management Science,1998,44(8),1148-1166.
[320]Nutt, P. C. Expanding the Search for Alternatives during Strategic Decision-Making. The Academy of Management Executive (1993-2005),2004, 18(4),13-28.
[321]Osborne, J. D., Charles, I. S.& Arkalgud, R. Strategic groups and competitive enactment:a study of dynamic relationships between mental models and performance. Strategic Management Journal,2001,22(5).435-454.
[322]Pant, P. N.& Lachman. R. A. N. Value incongruity and strategic choice. Journal of Management Studies,1998.35(2).195-212.
[323]Pant, P. N.& Lachman, R. A. N. Value incongruity and strategic choice. Journal of Management Studies,1998,35(2).195-212.
[324]Panzar, J. C.& Willig, R. D. Economies of Scope. The American Economic Review,1981,71(2),268-272.
[325]Papadakis, V.& Barwise, P. (1998). Research on Strategic Decisions:Where Do We Go from Here? Strategic Decisions. V. Papadakis and P. Barwise, Springer US:289-302.
[326]Papadakis, V. M., Lioukas, S.& Chambers, D. Strategic decision-making processes:the role of management and context. Strategic Management Journal. 1998,19(2).115-147.
[327]Pearce. J. A., Freeman. E. B.& Robinson, R. B. The Tenuous Link Between Formal Strategic Planning and Financial Performance. Academy of Management Review,1987,12(4).658-675.
[328]Perlow. L. A., Okhuysen. G. A.& Repenning. N. P. The Speed Trap:Exploring the Relationship Between Decision Making and Temporal Context. Academy of Management Journal,2002,45(5),931-955.
[329]Peteraf, M. The Cornerstones of Competitive Advantage:A Resource-Based View. Strategic Management Journal,1993,14,179-191.
[330]Pettigrew, A. M. On Studying Managerial Elites. Strategic Management Journal, 1992,13.163-182.
[331]Pettigrew. A. M. What is a processual analysis? Scandinavian Journal of Management,1997,13(4),337-348.
[332]Patton, M. Q. Qualitative research and evaluation method. Thousand Oaks. CA: Sage.2002.
[333]Pennings. J. M. Organizational strategy and change. San Francisco:Jossey-Bass. 1985.
[334]Penrose, E. T. The Theory of the Growth of the Firm. New York:Oxford Universitv Press.1995.
[335]Piattelli-Palmarini, M. Ever since language and learning:afterthoughts on the Piaget-Chomsky debate. Cognition,1994,50(1-3),315-346.
[336]Pol, H.& Deepak, K. D. CEO Experiences:Effects on the Choice of FDI Entry Mode. Journal of Management Studies,2006,43(4),755-778.
[337]Porac, J. F., Thomas, H.& Baden-Fuller, C. Competitive groups as cognitive communities:the case of scottish knitwear manufacturers. Journal of Management Studies,1989,26(4),397-416.
[338]Porac, J.F.& Thomas, H. Managing cognition and strategy:Issues, trends and future directions. In Pettigrew, A.M., Thomas, H.& Whittington R.(Eds.). Handbook of strategy and management. London:Sage,2002.
[339]Porter, M. E. Competitive Strategy. New York:The Free Press,1980.
[340]Porter, M. E. Competitive advantage:Creating and sustaining superior performance. New York:The Free Press,1985.
[341]Powell, T. C., Lovallo, D.& Fox, C. R. Behavioral strategy. Strategic Management Journal,2011,32(13),1369-1386.
[342]Prabhu, J. C., Chandy, R. K.& Ellis, M. E. The Impact of Acquisitions on Innovation:Poison Pill, Placebo, or Tonic? Journal of Marketing,2005,69(1), 114-130.
[343]Prahalad, C. K.& Bettis, R. A. The Dominant Logic:A New Linkage between Diversity and Performance. Strategic Management Journal,1986,7(6),485-501.
[344]Prencipe, A. Breadth and depth of technological capabilities in CoPS:the case of the aircraft engine control system. Research Policy,2000,29(7-8),895-911.
[345]Priem, R. L., Rasheed, A. M. A.& Kotulic, A. G. Rationality in strategic decision processes, environmental dynamism and firm performance. Journal of Management,1995,21(5),913-929.
[346]Quinn, J. B. Strategic change:logical incrementalism. Sloan Management Review,1978,20(1):7-23.
[347]Quinn, J. B. Strategies for change:Logical incrementalism. Homewood, IL Irwin,1980.
[348]Raisch, S., Birkinshaw, J., Probst, G.& Tushman, M. L. Organizational Ambidexterity:Balancing Exploitation and Exploration for Sustained Performance. Organization Science,2009,20(4),685-695.
[349]Rajagopalan, N., Rasheed, A. M. A.& Datta, D. K. Strategic decision processes: Critical review and future directions. Journal of Management,1993,19(2), 349-384.
[350]Rajagopalan, N.& Spreitzer, G. M. Toward a theory of strategic change:a multi-lens perspective and integrative framework. Academy of Management Review,1997.22(1),48-79.
[351]Rao, H. The Social Construction of Reputation:Certification Contests. Legitimation, and the Survival of Organizations in the American Automobile Industry:1895-1912. Strategic Management Journal,1994,15(S1),29-44.
[352]Reger, R. K.& Huff. A. S. Strategic Groups:A Cognitive Perspective. Strategic Management Journal,1993,14(2),103-123.
[353]Rindova, V. P. What Corporate Boards have to do with Strategy:A Cognitive Perspective. Journal of Management Studies,1999,36(7),953-975.
[354]Rindova, V. P.& Petkova, A. P. When Is a New Thing a Good Thing? Technological Change, Product Form Design, and Perceptions of Value for Product Innovations. Organization Science,2007,18(2),217-232.
[355]Rivkin, J. W.& Siggelkow, N. Balancing search and stability: Interdependencies among elements of organizational design. Management Science,2003.49(3),290-311.
[356]Robertson. I. T. Human information-processing strategies and style. Behaviour & Information Technology,1985.4(1).19-29.
[357]Robertson, S.Ian著，张奇译.问题解决心理学.北京：中国轻工业出版社,2004.
[358]Robinson. J. The Economics of Imperfect Competition. London:Macmilla. 1933.
[359]Robinson. W. T.& Chiang. J. Product development strategies for established market pioneers, early followers, and late entrants. Strategic Management Journal,2002,23(9),855-866.
[360]Robinson. W. T.& Fornell, C. Sources of Market Pioneer Advantages in Consumer Goods Industries. Journal of Marketing Research.1985.22(3). 305-317.
[361]Robinson. W. T., Fornell. C.& Sullivan. M. Are market pioneers intrinsically stronger than later entrants? Strategic Management Journal.1992.13(8). 609-624.
[362]Robinson, W. T.& Min. S. Is the First to Market the First to Fail? Empirical Evidence for Industrial Goods Businesses. Journal of Marketing Research,2002. 39(1),120-128.
[363]Rogers, P. R., Miller, A.& Judge, W. Q. Using Information-Processing Theory to Understand Planning/Performance Relationships in the Context of Strategy. Strategic Management Journal,1999,20(6),567-577.
[364]Roland, C., Johnson, G.& Sarnin, P. CEOs'Cognitive Maps and the Scope of the Organization. Strategic Management Journal,1994,15(6),437-457.
[365]Ron, A.& Helfat, C. E. Corporate Effects and Dynamic Managerial Capabilities. Strategic Management Journal,2003,24(10),1011-1025.
[366]Ruder, M.& Bless, H. Mood and the reliance on the ease of retrieval heuristic. Journal of personality and social psychology,2003,85(1),20-32.
[367]Rumelt, R. P. How much does industry matter? Strategic Management Journal, 1991,12(3),167-185.
[368]Salancik, G. R.& Pfeffer, J. Who gets power-and how they hold on to it:A strategic-contingency model of power. Organizational Dynamics,1977,5(3), 3-21.
[369]Sampson, R. C. Experience Effects and Collaborative Returns in R&D Alliances. Strategic Management Journal,2005,26(11),1009-1031.
[370]Sanderson, S. W. Uzumeri, M. The Innovation Imperative:Strategies for Managing Product Models and Families. Richard D. Irwin:Chicago, IL,1997.
[371]Sastry, M. A. Problems and Paradoxes in a Model of Punctuated Organizational Change. Administrative Science Quarterly,1997,42(2),237-275.
[372]Savage, L. J. The Foundations of Statistics. New York:Dover,1954.
[373]Schnaars, S. P. Managing imitation strategies:How late entrants seize marketing from pioneers. New York:The Free Press,1994.
[374]Schendel, D. Introduction to the Summer 1992 Special Issue on'Strategy Process Research'. Strategic Management Journal,1992,13,1-4.
[375]Schoenecker, T. S.& Cooper, A. C. The role of firm resources and organizational attributes in determining entry timing:a cross-industry study. Strategic Management Journal,1998,19(12),1127-1143.
[376]Schumpeter, J. A. The theory of economic development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press,1934.
[377]Schwenk, C. R. Cognitive simplification processes in strategic decision-making. Strategic Management Journal,1984,5(2),111-128.
[378]Schwenk, C. R. Management illusions and biases:Their impact on strategic decisions. Long Range Planning,1985,18(5),74-80.
[379]Shamsie, J., Phelps, C.& Kuperman, J. Better Late than Never:A Study of Late Entrants in Household Electrical Equipment. Strategic Management Journal, 2004,25(1),69-84.
[380]Shane. S. Prior Knowledge and the Discovery of Entrepreneurial Opportunities. Organization Science,2000,11(4),448-469.
[381]Shane, S.& Toby, S. Organizational Endowments and the Performance of University Start-Ups. Management Science,2002,48(1),154-170.
[382]Shankar, V., Carpenter, G. S.& Krishnamurthi, L. Late Mover Advantage:How Innovative Late Entrants Outsell Pioneers. Journal of Marketing Research,1998, 35(1),54-70.
[383]Shanteau, J. How much information does an expert use? Is it relevant? Acta Psychologica,1992,81(1),75-86.
[384]Shapira, Z. Risk Taking:A Managerial Perspective. New York:Russell Sage Foundation,1995.
[385]Shapiro, C.& Varian H. R. Information Rules. Boston. MA:Harvard Business School Press.1998.
[386]Sharfman. M. P.& Dean. J. W. Conceptualizing and Measuring the Organizational Environment:A Multidimensional Approach. Journal of Management.1991.17(4).681-700.
[387]Shepherd, D. The new direct marketing. Glencoe. MO:McGraw-Hill Publishing,1999.
[388]Shrader. C. B., Taylor. L.& Dalton, D. R. Strategic Planning and Organizational Performance:A Critical Appraisal. Journal of Management,1984,10(2), 149-171.
[389]Siggelkow. N. Evolution toward Fit. Administrative Science Quarterly.2002. 47(1).125-159.
[390]Silverman, B. S. Technological Resources and the Direction of Corporate Diversification:Toward an Integration of the Resource-Based View and Transaction Cost Economics. Management Science,1999.45(8),1109-1124.
[391]Simon. H. A. A Behavioral Model of Rational Choice. The Quarterly Journal of Economics,1955,69(1).99-118.
[392]Simon, H. A. Invariants of Human Behavior. Annual Review of Psychology. 1990,41(1),1-20.
[393]Simon, H. A. Bounded Rationality and Organizational Learning. Organization Science,1991,2(1),125-134.
[394]Simon, H. A. What Is an "Explanation" of Behavior? Psychological Science, 1992,3(3),150-161.
[395]Simon, H. A., Dantzig, G. B., Hogarth, R., Plott, C. R., Raiffa, H., Schelling, T. C., Shepsle, K. A., Thaler, R., Tversky, A.& Winter, S. Decision Making and Problem Solving. Interfaces,1987,17(5),11-31.
[396]Simon, H. A.& Newell, A. Human problem solving:The state of the theory in 1970. American Psychologist,1971,26(2),145-159.
[397]Simons, T.& Roberts, P. W. Local and non-local pre-founding experience and new organizational form penetration:The case of the Israeli wine industry. Administrative Science Quarterly,2008,53(2),235-265.
[398]Sinclair, M.& Ashkanasy, N. M. Intuition:Myth or a Decision-making Tool? Management Learning,2005,36(3),353-370.
[399]Sine, W. D., Haveman, H. A.& Tolbert, P. S. Risky Business? Entrepreneurship in the New Independent-Power Sector. Administrative Science Quarterly,2005, 50(2),200-232.
[400]Sine, W. D., Mitsuhashi, H.& Kirsch, D. A. Revisiting Burns And Stalker: Formal Structure And New Venture Performance In Emerging Economic Sectors. Academy of Management Journal,2006,49(1),121-132.
[401]Smircich, L.& Stubbart, C. Strategic Management in an Enacted World. Academy of Management Review,1985,10(4),724-736.
[402]Smith, K. G., Collins, C. J.& Clark, K. D. Existing Knowledge, Knowledge Creation Capability, and the Rate of New Product Introduction in High-Technology Firms. The Academy of Management Journal,2005,48(2), 346-357.
[403]Song, M., Calantone, R. J.& Benedetto, C. A. D. Competitive Forces and Strategic Choice Decisions:An Experimental Investigation in the United States and Japan. Strategic Management Journal,2002,23(10),969-978.
[404]Sorenson, O. Letting the market work for you:an evolutionary perspective on product strategy. Strategic Management Journal,2000,21(5),577-592.
[405]Sorros, G. The Crash of 2008 and What It Means:The New Paradigm for Financial Markets. New York:Public Affairs,2009.
[406]Spencer, B. J.& Brander, J. A. International R & D Rivalry and Industrial Strategy. The Review of Economic Studies,1983,50(4),707-722.
[407]Spender, J. C. Making Knowledge the Basis of a Dynamic Theory of the Firm. Strategic Management Journal,1996,17,45-62.
[408]Stanovich, K. E.& West, R. F. Individual differences in reasoning:Implications for the rationality debate? Behavioral and Brain Sciences,2000,23(5),645-665.
[409]Starbuck, W. H. Learning by knowledge-intensive firms. Journal of Management Studies,1992,29(6),713-740.
[410]Starbuck, W. H.& Milliken, F. J. Challenger:Fine-tuning the odds until something breaks. Journal of Management Studies,1988,25(4),319-340.
[411]Staw, B. M. Dressing Up Like an Organization:When Psychological Theories Can Explain Organizational Action. Journal of Management,1991,17(4), 805-819.
[412]Sternberg, Robert J著,杨炳钧,陈燕,邹枝玲译.认知心理学.北京：中国轻工业出版社,2006.
[413]Stinchcombe, A. Social structure and organizations. In March J.G. (Ed.). Handbook of organizations. Chicago:Rand McNally,1965.
[414]Stuart, R. W.& Abetti, P. A. Impact of entrepreneurial and management experience on early performance. Journal of Business Venturing.1990,5(3), 151-162.
[415]Suarez, F. F.& Lanzolla. G. The role of environmental dynamics in building a first mover advantage theory. Academy of Management Review,2007,32(2), 377-392.
[416]Sull. D. N. The Dynamics of Standing Still:Firestone Tire & Rubber and the Radial Revolution. Business History Review,1999,73(03).430-464.
[417]Sutcliffe, K. M. What Executives Notice:Accurate Perceptions in Top Management Teams. The Academy of Management Journal,1994,37(5), 1360-1378.
[418]Sutcliffe, K. M. Organizational environments and organizational information processing. In Jablin, F.M.& Putnam, L.L. (Eds.). The New Handbook of Organizational Communication. Thousand Oaks. CA:Sage.2000.
[419]Szymanski. D. M., Troy. L. C.& Bharadwaj. S. G. Order of Entry and Business Performance:An Empirical Synthesis and Reexamination. The Journal of Marketing,1995,59(4),17-33.
[420]Tan, J. J.& Litschert. R. J. Environment-Strategy Relationship and Its Performance Implications:An Empirical Study of the Chinese Electronics Industry. Strategic Management Journal,1994,15(1),1-20.
[421]Teece, D.& Pisano, G The Dynamic Capabilities of Firms:an Introduction. Industrial and Corporate Change,1994,3(3),537-556.
[422]Teece, D. J. Profiting from technological innovation:Implications for integration, collaboration, licensing and public policy. Research Policy,1986, 15(6),285-305.
[423]Teece, D. J., Pisano, G.& Shuen, A. Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal,1997,18(7),509-533.
[424]Tellis, G J.& Golder, P. N. First to market, first to fail? Real causes of enduring market leadership. MIT Sloan Management Review,1996,37(2),65-75.
[425]Tihanyi, L., Ellstrand, A. E., Daily, C. M.& Dalton, D. R. Composition of the Top Management Team and Firm International Diversification. Journal of Management,2000,26(6),1157-1177.
[426]Tordesillas, R. S.& Chaiken, S. Thinking too Much or too Little? The Effects of Introspection on the Decision-Making Process. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,1999,25(5),625-631.
[427]Tripsas, M. Unraveling the Process of Creative Destruction:Complementary Assets and Incumbent Survival in the Typesetter Industry. Strategic Management Journal,1997,18,119-142.
[428]Tripsas, M.& Gavetti, G. Capabilities, Cognition, and Inertia:Evidence from Digital Imaging. Strategic Management Journal,2000,21(10/11),1147-1161.
[429]Tsai, W. Knowledge Transfer in Intraorganizational Networks:Effects of Network Position and Absorptive Capacity on Business Unit Innovation and Performance. Academy of Management Journal,2001,44(5),996-1004.
[430]Tversky, A.& Kahneman, D. Judgment under Uncertainty:Heuristics and Biases. Science,1974,185(4157),1124-1131.
[431]Tversky, A.& Kahneman, D. Judgment under Uncertainty:Heuristics and Biases. Science,1974,185(4157),1124-1131.
[432]Urban, G. L., Carter, T., Gaskin, S.& Mucha, Z. Market Share Rewards to Pioneering Brands:An Empirical Analysis and Strategic Implications. Management Science,1986,32(6),645-659.
[433]Utterback, J. M. Mastering the Dynamics of Innovation. Boston:HBS Press, 1994.
[434]Utterback, J. M.& Abernathy, W. J. A dynamic model of process and product innovation. Omega,1975,3(6),639-656.
[435]Utterback, J. M.& Suarez, F. F. Innovation, competition, and industry structure. Research Policy,1993,22(1),1-21.
[436]VanderWerf, P. A.& Mahon, J. F. Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Research Methods on Findings of First-Mover Advantage. Management Science,1997, 43(11),1510-1519.
[437]Veliyath. R. Strategic planning:Balancing short-run performance and longer term prospects. Long Range Planning,1992,25(3),86-97.
[438]Veliyath, R.& Shortell, S. M. Strategic orientation, strategic planning system characteristics and performance. Journal of Management Studies, 1993,30(3),359-381.
[439]Venkatraman, N.& Grant, J. H. Construct Measurement in Organizational Strategy Research:A Critique and Proposal. Academy of Management Review, 1986,11(1),71-87.
[440]Walsh, J. P. Managerial and Organizational Cognition:Notes from a Trip Down Memory Lane. Organization Science,1995,6(3),280-321.
[441]Wan. W. P.& Hoskisson, R. E. Home Country Environments. Corporate Diversification Strategies. and Firm Performance. Academy of Management Journal,2003,46(1),27-45.
[442]Wang, J.-C. Investigating market value and intellectual capital for S&P 500. Journal of Intellectual Capital,2008,9(4),546-563.
[443]Ward, T. B. Cognition, creativity, and entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing,2004,19(2),173-188.
[444]Washington, M.& Ventresca, M. J. How Organizations Change:The Role of Institutional Support Mechanisms in the Incorporation of Higher Education Visibility Strategies,1874-1995. Organization Science,2004,15(1),82-97.
[445]Weick, K. E. Sensemaking in organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage,1995.
[446]Wernerfelt, B. A Resource-Based View of the Finn. Strategic Management Journal,1984,5(2),171-180.
[447]Wiersema, M. F.& Bird, A. Organizational Demography in Japanese Firms: Group Heterogeneity. Individual Dissimilarity, and Top Management Team Turnover. Academy of Management Journal,1993.36(5).996-1025.
[448]Wiley. J. Expertise as mental set:The effects of domain knowledge in creative problem solving. Memory & Cognition (pre-2011),1998,26(4),716-730.
[449]Wilson, L. O.& Norton, J. A. Optimal Entry Timing for a Product Line Extension. Marketing Science,1989,8(1),1-17.
[450]Winter, S. G.& Szulanski, G Replication as Strategy. Organization Science, 2001,12(6),730-743.
[451]Withane, S. How strategy changes through the public sector growth cycle. Long Range Planning,1997,30(5),689-698.
[452]Woolhouse, L. S.& Bayne, R. Personality and the use of intuition:individual differences in strategy and performance on an implicit learning task. European Journal of Personality,2000,14(2),157-169.
[453]Woolridge, J. R.& Snow, C. C. Stock Market Reaction to Strategic Investment Decisions. Strategic Management Journal,1990,11(5),353-363.
[454]Wu, J.& Shanley, M. T. Knowledge stock, exploration, and innovation: Research on the United States electromedical device industry. Journal of Business Research,2009,62(4),474-483.
[455]Yasai-Ardekani, M.& Nystrom, P. C. Designs for Environmental Scanning Systems:Tests of a Contingency Theory. Management Science,1996,42(2), 187-204.
[456]Yonelinas, A. Recognition memory ROCs for item and associative information: The contribution of recollection and familiarity. Memory & Cognition,1997, 25(6),747-763.
[457]Zahra, S. A.& Bogner, W. C. Technology strategy and software new ventures' performance:Exploring the moderating effect of the competitive environment. Journal of Business Venturing,2000,15(2),135-173.
[458]Zahra, S. A.& George, G Absorptive Capacity:A Review, Reconceptualization, and Extension. Academy of Management Review.2002,27(2),185-203.
[459]Zahra, S. A., Ireland, R. D.& Hitt, M. A. International Expansion by New Venture Firms:International Diversity, Mode of Market Entry, Technological Learning, and Performance. The Academy of Management Journal,2000,43(5), 925-950.
[460]Zahra, S. A., Neubaum, D. O.& El-Hagrassey, G. M. Competitive Analysis and New Venture Performance:Understanding the Impact of Strategic Uncertainty and Venture Origin*. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2002,27(1),1-28.
[461]Zhang, J., Baden-Fuller, C.& Mangematin, V. Technological knowledge base, R&D organization structure and alliance formation:Evidence from the biopharmaceutical industry. Research Policy,2007,36(4),515-528.
[462]Zhang, S.& Markman, A. B. Overcoming the Early Entrant Advantage:The Role of Alignable and Nonalignable Differences. Journal of Marketing Research, 1998,35(4),413-426.
[463]Zhou, K. Z.& Li, C. B. How knowledge affects radical innovation:Knowledge base, market knowledge acquisition, and internal knowledge sharing. Strategic Management Journal,2012.33(9),1090-1102.
[464]艾肯鲍姆著，周仁来等译.记忆的认知神经科学——导论.北京：北京师范大学出版社,2008.
[465]安德森著,秦裕林等译.认知心理学及其启示.北京：人民邮电出版社，2012.
[466]陈禹.复杂性研究的新动向——基于主体的建模方法及其启迪.系统辩证学学报,2003，11(1),43-50.
[467]丹尼尔·卡尼曼，保罗·斯洛维奇和阿莫斯·特沃斯基著,方文，吴新利和张擎译.不确定状况下的判断：启发式和偏差.北京：中国人民大学出版社,2007.
[468]德维利斯著，魏勇刚，席仲恩，龙长权译.量表编制：理论与应用.重庆：重庆大学出版社.2010.
[469]福勒著，蒋逸民译.调查问卷的设计与评估.重庆：重庆大学出版社，2010.
[470]高鸿业.西方经济学.北京：中国人民大学出版社.2000.
[471]哥德·吉戈伦尔等著.刘永芳译.简捷启发式——让我们更精明.上海：华东师范大学出版社.2002.
[472]郭力平，杨治良.关于再认双加工机制的实验——反应速度的影响研究心理科学,2000，23(5).567-570.
[473]黄芳铭.结构方程模式理论与应用.北京：中国税务出版社，2005.
[474]侯杰泰.结构方程模型及其应用.北京：教育科学出版社,2005.
[475]李岩松，周仁来.再认记忆双加工的理论模型及研究方法.北京师范大学学报(自然科学版)，2008，44(3)，243-246.
[476]罗伯特·殷(Robert K.Yin)著，周海涛译.案例研究方法的应用.重庆：重庆大学出版社.2009.
[477]罗伯特·殷(Robert K.Yin)著.周海涛、李永贤、李虔译.案例研究：设计与方法.重庆：重庆大学出版社，2010.
[478]罗胜强.姜嫫.单维构念与多维构念的测量.In陈晓萍，徐淑英和攀景立主编.组织与管理研究的实证方法.北京：北京大学出版社.2008.
[479]吉仁泽著,刘永芳译.适应性思维：现实世界中的理性.上海：上海教育出版社,2006.
[480]奥利弗·E·威廉姆森著,姚海鑫,邢源源译.企业的性质：起源演变和发展.北京：商务印书馆,2007.
[481]彭学兵.基于知识观的技术创业组织方式选择研究.博士学位论文,浙江大学,2008.
[482]邱皓政,林碧芳.结构方程模型的原理与应用.北京：中国轻工业出版社,2009.
[483]司马贺著,荆其诚,张厚粲译.人类的认知——思维的信息加工理论.北京：科学出版社,1986.
[484]苏东水.产业经济学.北京：高等教育出版社,2000.
[485]温忠麟,刘红云和侯杰泰著.调节效应和中介效应分析.北京：教育科学出版社,2012.
[486]吴明隆.问卷统计分析实务：SPSS操作与应用.重庆：重庆大学出版社,2010.
[487]约翰-H.霍兰(JohnH.Holland)著,周晓牧,韩晖译.隐秩序.上海：上海科技教育出版社,2000.
[488]张钢,薄秋实.问题解决中的启发式：一个整合性的理论框架.自然辨证法通讯,2012,34(6),55-67.
[489]张钢,薄秋实.产业进入时机研究述评.科技进步与对策,2012,29(8),149-154.
[490]张文彤.SPSS统计分析高级教程.北京：高等教育出版社,2004.