西藏邦铺钼铜多金属矿床成因研究
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摘要
西藏邦铺斑岩型钼铜多金属矿床位于冈底斯东段，大地构造位置上位于西藏特提斯构造冈底斯-念青唐古拉（地体）板片中南部，行政上隶属西藏墨竹工卡县尼玛江热乡管辖，是2007～2009年度发现的大型钼铜多金属矿床。本文主要通过详细的矿床地质特征、元素地球化学、成岩成矿年代学、流体包裹体、S、Pb同位素等研究手段，对该矿床的成因进行了深入研究，建立了成矿演化模式，并从找矿评价方面指出了以后找矿工作的重点。
矿区内出露地层由老到新主要有下二叠统洛巴堆组（P1l）、古近系典中组（E1d）和第四系（Q）。研究表明，二长花岗斑岩为含矿母岩。详细的岩石学和地球化学研究表明，二长花岗斑岩富硅（67.06%～73.70%）、富K_2O（3.61%~7.642%）贫CaO（0.14%~4.40%）贫Na_2O（0.140%~4.40%），属钾玄岩系列及高钾钙碱性系列。稀土总量变化变化很大（22.01×10~(-6)～107.61×10~(-6)），稀土曲线为平缓的右倾型，轻稀土元素相对富集，重稀土元素相对亏损。 Eu的变化范围为0.592～1.064，具有微弱的负铕异常到无铕异常。岩石微量元素相对富集不相容元素（LILE），贫高场强元素（HFSE），即相对富集Rb、U、Cs和Nd而亏损Ba、Sr、P、Ti和Y。二长花岗斑岩形成的环境比较复杂，主要为同碰撞造山构造环境，即印度大陆与亚洲大陆碰撞造山带内，发育与碰撞后的地壳伸展环境，并可能涉及到冈底斯区域板块俯冲碰撞作用的多个阶段。含矿二长花岗斑岩可能主要来自于壳源改造（S型）的花岗岩，但也不排除幔源分异型花岗岩（A型）的混入。
矿体主要由Mo矿体、Cu矿体和Pb-Zn矿体组成。钼铜矿体主要赋存于喜马拉雅晚期的二长花岗斑岩（ηγπ）及围岩典中组火山岩中，钼（铜）矿体在平面上呈空心椭圆形的扁豆体或者巨大的等轴状体，在剖面上呈长柱状体或者筒状体，产状基本稳定。铅锌矿体主要赋存于下二叠统洛巴堆组（P1l）地层中，处于灰岩、大理岩透镜体边缘地带，呈巢状、透镜状、脉状、似层状分布。
矿石构造主要为浸染状、脉状、细脉-浸染状、块状构造等；矿石结构主要有自形粒状、自形-半自形粒状、自形-半自形板状和它形粒状结构等。
金属矿物主要有辉钼矿、黄铜矿，黄铁矿、方铅矿，闪锌矿等；非金属矿物主要为石英、钾长石、斜长石、绢云母、方解石、绿泥石等。通过电子探针测试，辉钼矿中主要成分Mo、S含量与其理论值（40.06％）相近，计算获得辉钼矿的分子式为Mo_(0.99)S_2-Mo_(1.02)S_2。除主元素Mo、Cu、Pb、Zn外，可综合利用的元素有S、Au和Ag。
矿床具有典型的围岩蚀变特征，蚀变分带特征类似于Lowell和Gnilbert模式。从平面上和剖面上看，均具有明显的分带性：即从内到外为钾-硅化带-绢云母化带-绢云母-粘土化带-青盘岩化带；钼铜矿化主要分布于钾-硅化带，次为绢云母化带；铜钼矿化主要分布于绢云母化带及粘土化带；铅锌矿化主要分布于青盘岩化带。
成岩成矿年代学研究表明，邦铺矿床中二长花岗斑岩和花岗斑岩中锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄值分别为13.9±0.3Ma（MSWD=3.05）和14.2±0.2Ma（MSWD=0.79），二长花岗斑岩全岩Rb-Sr等时线定年（13.88±0.38Ma），其年龄值均在误差范围内；4件辉钼矿样品获得等时线年龄为14.92±0.18Ma（MSWD=1.3），其加权平均年龄为14.56±0.18（MSWD=6.0），二者在误差范围内一致，结合前人数据的9个点获得的等时线年龄（14.67±0.54Ma）、加权平均年龄（14.54±0.093Ma）（二者在误差范围内非常接近），9个点的等时线年龄（14.67±0.54Ma）代表了邦铺矿床中斑岩钼铜矿的成矿年龄；通过激光显微探针(40)~Ar-(39)~Ar微区定年，获得等时线年龄为（13.9±0.9）Ma（MSWD=29），反等时线年龄为（13.8±1.6）Ma（MSWD=30）。黄铁矿Rb-Sr同位素等时线年龄为11.0±1.5Ma（MSWD=3.5），这一年龄可能代表了该矿床晚阶段成矿年龄；闪锌矿包裹体Rb-Sr定年获得等时线年龄为13.6±1.5Ma（R=0.9942），该年龄低于锆石U-Pb、辉钼矿Re-Os及脉石英激光显微探针Ar-Ar年龄，说明该铅锌矿是斑岩期后热液成矿作用的产物，13.6Ma代表了铅锌矿的成矿年龄。等时线年龄从l5.32±0.79Ma～11.0±1.5Ma，Mo-Cu矿化年龄可能主要为14.67Ma～11.0Ma，成矿斑岩体的结晶年龄可能为14.4Ma～13.5Ma，从侧面反映该矿床成岩-成矿过程是几乎是一个连续成矿作用过程。
流体包裹体研究表明，各矿化阶段石英（方解石）中的流体包裹体均一温度与压力、盐度与密度、包裹体成分和流体包裹体H和O同位素等诸方面的初步研究表明，各个阶段成矿流体为中高温（172~239℃）、中高盐度（23.96～50.85wt%NaCleq）、高-中等密度流体（1.0696~1.0849g/cm~3）、属（Cl--）SO_4(2-)-Na~+（K~+）型水化学类型，成矿环境为低压（36.9×10~5~110.23×10~5Pa），成矿压力为低压（23.4×10~5~41.9×10~5Pa），成矿深度为0.094~0.184km，属超浅成成矿。各个阶段的成矿流体均可能主要来源于岩浆水与大气降水的混合，以大气降水为主。
通过硫、铅同位素研究，获得含矿岩浆岩的硫同位素34S（-0.48‰~12.2‰，平均3.80‰）与硫化物矿物的硫同位素34S（-1.5‰～+4.3‰，平均0.98‰）组成一致，总硫同位素34S∑S组成为-1.903‰，具有典型的岩浆硫组成特点（34S=0‰）；含矿岩浆岩铅同位素(206)~Pb/(204)~Pb、(207)~Pb/(204)~Pb、(208)~Pb/(204)~Pb比值分别变化于38.857~39.857、15.620~15.704、18.684~18.768之间，方铅矿铅同位素组成(206)~Pb/(204)Pb、(207)~Pb/(204)~Pb、(208)~Pb/(204)~Pb比值分别变化于18.752～18.825、15.712～15.718、39.348～39.463之间，显示其具有正常铅同位素的特点，可能同源，具有相同的演化历史或起源；特征值及铅同位素图解显示其具有壳幔混合特征，以壳源为主，可能主要来源于参加造山带的上部地壳。Sr同位素、Re同位素表明，矿床的成矿物质可能来源于地幔，或以地幔为主。
通过以上研究，确立了该矿床的成因为次火山-热液矿床；按赋矿岩石分类，钼铜矿为斑岩型矿床，铅锌矿为碳酸盐岩型；根据成矿作用过程分析，建立了该矿床的成矿演化模式图；通过蚀变分带特征、勘探线剖面、流体包裹体等方面进行了找矿评价，提出在矿区西部，尤其是深部仍具有良好的成矿潜力，以后的勘探找矿工作重心应放在矿区深部和西部。
The Bangpu porphyry-type Mo-Cu polymetallic deposit is a typical large-scaledporphyry deposit was found between the years from2007to2009,which lies ineastern Gangdese metallogenic belt,Tibet.Its geotectonic position is in Gangdese andNyenchen Tanglha Range terrane Tibetan Plateau,Tibet.On administration, which wascame within the jurisdiction of Nimajiangre County, Maizhokunggar County.Thispaper mainly through detailed study of geological characteristics, geochemistry of theelements, isochronology of the magma emplaced into the crust and formed theore-bearing porphyries,fluid inclusions,sulfur and lead isotope and so on,deeplyanalyzes important problems of its genesis, built up a metallogenic evolutionmodel,and throuth the study of prospeeting and evaluation,pointed out the maintargets of exploration guide.
The exposed strata in the Bangpu ore filed from old to young are Luobaduiformation(P1l) of Lower Permian,the Dianzhong formation(E1d) of the Eogene andQuaternary(Q).Study shows that its mother rock is monzonite granite-porphyry.Detailed petrographic and geochemical studies show that it belongs to theshoshonite series and high-K calc-alkaline series,which high in SiO2（67.06%～73.70%）、K_2O （3.61%~7.642%）， poor in CaO （0.14%~4.40%）and Na_2O（0.140%~4.40%）.The monzonite granite-porphyry have high content of∑REE andvary grealy from22.01×10~(-6)to107.606×10~(-6),rich in LREE,low in HREE. A weaknegative to normal Eu anomaly vary from0.592～1.064.Traceelements arecharacterized by LILE-rich（enrichments in Rb、U、Cs） and HFSE-depletion（depletments in Ba、Sr、P、Ti and Y）.The forming environment of monzonitegranite-porphyry is complex,but mainly in syn-collisional tectonic setting whichbelongs to the Indian-Asian Continental Collision,to which full of crust extensionaltectonic and refer to many stages of Gangdese Regional Plate subduction.Ore bearing monzonite granite-porphyry was mainly came from the crust’s reworking granitewhich belongs to S-types,but does not rule out of A-types of mantle oringin granite.The ore body maily be made up of Mo and Cu ore body and Pb and Zn ore body.TheMo and Cu ore body are located within the monzonite granite-porphyry(ηγπ) whichbelongs to the late Himalayan stage and wall rock of Dianzhong formation volcanicrock.In the plane of the horizon,the ore body is hollow-oval which like a bean orenormous size equiaxed dendrites in shape,while in section,it likes aciculate types orvertical body.ore body occurrences along their extension are stable.The Pb and Zn orebody yields in the contact zone and nearby where rock contact with limestone belongsto Luobadui Formation in Lower Permian(P1l),the distribution of ore body are nests,lentil,vein and layer-like-shaped.
The structure of ore are impregnation,string,crumb, breccoated and massivestructure et al.The main testure are self-crystals to semi-self crystals,xenotopic,inclusion and coterminal texture et al. Dominanent metallic minerals are molybdenite,chalcopyrite,pyrite, and galenite,sphalerite et al.Nonmetallic minerals arequartz,potassium feldspar,plagioclase,sericite,calcite,chlorite etc.Through electronicprobe test, Mo, S main components content in molybdenite is similar to its theoreticalvalue(40.06%),calculate the molecular formula of molybdenite as Mo0.99S2-Mo1.02S2.In addition of the main elements such as Mo,Cu,Pb,Zn can be used, elementsof S,Au and Ag can also be comprehensive utilizated.
This deposit have typical wall-rock alteration,which alteration zoningcharacteristic are similar to the model of lowell and Geibert.Zoning in plane or insection are like the same,from the inner to outer,K-silicate zone, sericite altered zone,argillic zone and aropilitic zone.The mineralization of Mo and Cu are mainly inK-silicate zone,secondly in sericite altered zone,while Pb and Zn are distributed inaropilitic zone.
Isochronology study of rock forming and ore forming was applicated in thisarticle The zircon SHRIMP U-Pb technique was applied to measure the age of themonzonite granite-porphyry and granite-porphyry from the Bangpu porphy deposits,It was obtained that the206Pb/238U mean age respectively are13.9±0.3Myrs (MSWD=3.05）and14.2±0.2Myrs（MSWD=0.79）.The isochron of whole rock Rb-Sr ofmonzonite granite-porphyry is13.88±0.38Myrs,which are all consistent with theirmodel ages.The isochron of Re-Os of molybdenite is14.92±0.18Myrs（MSWD=1.3）,weighted mean age is14.56±0.18（MSWD=6.0）,which are consistentwith their errors.While associated with the former researched data,full of nine point,gained an isochron age of Re-Os are14.67±0.54Myrs,weighted mean age as14.54±0.093Myrs,these ages are so closed to each other.So the age of14.67±0.54Myrs presented the age of ore-forming of Mo and Cu from Bangpu porphyrydeposit.Continuous laser microprobe40Ar-39Ar technique has been taken to carry outin stiu analysis on to the ore-bearing vein quartz,an40Ar-39Ar isochron which givesout an isochrons age of13.9±0.9Myrs(MSWD=29) and reverse isochrones age of13.8±1.6Myrs（MSWD=30）.A pyrite Rb-Sr Isochron age of11.0±1.5Myrs withMSWD=3.5was obtained from ore-bearing Mo and Cu ores which represents the ageof Mo-Cu’s later episode mineralization.A sphalerite Rb-Sr Isochron age of3.6±1.5Myrs（R=0.9942）was obtained from ore-bearing lead and zinc ores,thise ageis lower than the age of zircon U-Pb,Re-Os age and Ar-Ar age, shows that the leadand zinc deposit is the activity of porphyry-after the term hydrotherMyrsl,whichrepresents the age of Pb and Zn’s later episode mineralization.The isochron age of thisdeposit is from l5.32±0.79Myrs to11.0±1.5Myrs.In this deposit,the Mo-Cu Myrsinlymineralized from14.67Myrs to11.0Myrs, ore-beard porphyry age of mineralizationwas from14.4Myrs to13.5Myrs,shows that its rcok-forming and ore-forming is acontinuous process,which belongs to a rapid outbreak of large-scale mineralizationprocess.
Study of the temperatures,pressures,salinities,compositions and oxygen andhydrogen isotopes of fluid inclusions in quartz and calcite in various mineralizationstages of the hydrothermal ore-forming process indicates that the ore fluids in everyperiods belong to high and medium temperature （172~239℃）,medium sality（23.96~50.85wt%NaCleq）,high and medium density（1.0696～1.0849g/cm3）onesand the（Cl~--）SO_4(2-)Na~+-（K~+）hydrochemical type and formed in a low-pressure（36.9×10~5Pa~110.23×10~5Pa）and ore-forming pressure（23.4×10~5Pa~41.9×10~5Pa）,ore-forming depeth is0.094~0.184km which belongs to super hypabyssal oreforming process.Three periods of the ore fluids may have been derived frommagmatic-hydrothermal and subsurface hydrothermal water,while subsurfacehydrothermal water prodorminent.
Through the study of sulfur, lead and noble gas isotopes, it show that34S fromore-bearing magmatic and sulfide mineral are in accordance with magma sulfurcomposition （34S=0‰） which vary from-0.48‰~12.2‰（mean=3.80‰） and-1.5‰～+4.3‰（mean=0.98‰）respectively,and34S∑Sis-1.903‰.The lead isotopeof206Pb/204Pb,207Pb/204Pb,208Pb/204Pb from ore-bearing magmatic is vary from38.857~39.857,15.620~15.704,18.684~18.768respectively, while the lead isotopefrom galena is vary from18.752~18.825,15.712~15.718,39.348~39.463, it shows thenormal lead characteristics with the same homologous evolutionary history or the source.The eigenvalue and lead isotopic diagram shows they mixed with crustalmaterials and mantle materials, but majored in crust origin, mainly comes from theupper crust in orogenic belts.Sr isotopes and Re isotopes indicate that themetallogenic substance may be derived from the mantle, or mainly from mantle.
Through these studies above,the genesis of this deposit was confirmed, it is avolcano hydrothermal deposit.while basised on the ore-bearing rock,the ore of Moand Cu is a porphyry copper type deposit,while the lead and zinc ore is carbonatetype.According to the analysis of ore-forming process, the evolution model of ore-forming in the area being established.Through alteration zones characteristics,geological prospecting line section,fluid inclusions and other aspects for explorationguide, We suggest that the west area have metallogenic potential of Mo-Cu deposit,especially at depth,the emphasis may be on the west and depth for later work.
矿区内出露地层由老到新主要有下二叠统洛巴堆组（P1l）、古近系典中组（E1d）和第四系（Q）。研究表明，二长花岗斑岩为含矿母岩。详细的岩石学和地球化学研究表明，二长花岗斑岩富硅（67.06%～73.70%）、富K_2O（3.61%~7.642%）贫CaO（0.14%~4.40%）贫Na_2O（0.140%~4.40%），属钾玄岩系列及高钾钙碱性系列。稀土总量变化变化很大（22.01×10~(-6)～107.61×10~(-6)），稀土曲线为平缓的右倾型，轻稀土元素相对富集，重稀土元素相对亏损。 Eu的变化范围为0.592～1.064，具有微弱的负铕异常到无铕异常。岩石微量元素相对富集不相容元素（LILE），贫高场强元素（HFSE），即相对富集Rb、U、Cs和Nd而亏损Ba、Sr、P、Ti和Y。二长花岗斑岩形成的环境比较复杂，主要为同碰撞造山构造环境，即印度大陆与亚洲大陆碰撞造山带内，发育与碰撞后的地壳伸展环境，并可能涉及到冈底斯区域板块俯冲碰撞作用的多个阶段。含矿二长花岗斑岩可能主要来自于壳源改造（S型）的花岗岩，但也不排除幔源分异型花岗岩（A型）的混入。
矿体主要由Mo矿体、Cu矿体和Pb-Zn矿体组成。钼铜矿体主要赋存于喜马拉雅晚期的二长花岗斑岩（ηγπ）及围岩典中组火山岩中，钼（铜）矿体在平面上呈空心椭圆形的扁豆体或者巨大的等轴状体，在剖面上呈长柱状体或者筒状体，产状基本稳定。铅锌矿体主要赋存于下二叠统洛巴堆组（P1l）地层中，处于灰岩、大理岩透镜体边缘地带，呈巢状、透镜状、脉状、似层状分布。
矿石构造主要为浸染状、脉状、细脉-浸染状、块状构造等；矿石结构主要有自形粒状、自形-半自形粒状、自形-半自形板状和它形粒状结构等。
金属矿物主要有辉钼矿、黄铜矿，黄铁矿、方铅矿，闪锌矿等；非金属矿物主要为石英、钾长石、斜长石、绢云母、方解石、绿泥石等。通过电子探针测试，辉钼矿中主要成分Mo、S含量与其理论值（40.06％）相近，计算获得辉钼矿的分子式为Mo_(0.99)S_2-Mo_(1.02)S_2。除主元素Mo、Cu、Pb、Zn外，可综合利用的元素有S、Au和Ag。
矿床具有典型的围岩蚀变特征，蚀变分带特征类似于Lowell和Gnilbert模式。从平面上和剖面上看，均具有明显的分带性：即从内到外为钾-硅化带-绢云母化带-绢云母-粘土化带-青盘岩化带；钼铜矿化主要分布于钾-硅化带，次为绢云母化带；铜钼矿化主要分布于绢云母化带及粘土化带；铅锌矿化主要分布于青盘岩化带。
成岩成矿年代学研究表明，邦铺矿床中二长花岗斑岩和花岗斑岩中锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄值分别为13.9±0.3Ma（MSWD=3.05）和14.2±0.2Ma（MSWD=0.79），二长花岗斑岩全岩Rb-Sr等时线定年（13.88±0.38Ma），其年龄值均在误差范围内；4件辉钼矿样品获得等时线年龄为14.92±0.18Ma（MSWD=1.3），其加权平均年龄为14.56±0.18（MSWD=6.0），二者在误差范围内一致，结合前人数据的9个点获得的等时线年龄（14.67±0.54Ma）、加权平均年龄（14.54±0.093Ma）（二者在误差范围内非常接近），9个点的等时线年龄（14.67±0.54Ma）代表了邦铺矿床中斑岩钼铜矿的成矿年龄；通过激光显微探针(40)~Ar-(39)~Ar微区定年，获得等时线年龄为（13.9±0.9）Ma（MSWD=29），反等时线年龄为（13.8±1.6）Ma（MSWD=30）。黄铁矿Rb-Sr同位素等时线年龄为11.0±1.5Ma（MSWD=3.5），这一年龄可能代表了该矿床晚阶段成矿年龄；闪锌矿包裹体Rb-Sr定年获得等时线年龄为13.6±1.5Ma（R=0.9942），该年龄低于锆石U-Pb、辉钼矿Re-Os及脉石英激光显微探针Ar-Ar年龄，说明该铅锌矿是斑岩期后热液成矿作用的产物，13.6Ma代表了铅锌矿的成矿年龄。等时线年龄从l5.32±0.79Ma～11.0±1.5Ma，Mo-Cu矿化年龄可能主要为14.67Ma～11.0Ma，成矿斑岩体的结晶年龄可能为14.4Ma～13.5Ma，从侧面反映该矿床成岩-成矿过程是几乎是一个连续成矿作用过程。
流体包裹体研究表明，各矿化阶段石英（方解石）中的流体包裹体均一温度与压力、盐度与密度、包裹体成分和流体包裹体H和O同位素等诸方面的初步研究表明，各个阶段成矿流体为中高温（172~239℃）、中高盐度（23.96～50.85wt%NaCleq）、高-中等密度流体（1.0696~1.0849g/cm~3）、属（Cl--）SO_4(2-)-Na~+（K~+）型水化学类型，成矿环境为低压（36.9×10~5~110.23×10~5Pa），成矿压力为低压（23.4×10~5~41.9×10~5Pa），成矿深度为0.094~0.184km，属超浅成成矿。各个阶段的成矿流体均可能主要来源于岩浆水与大气降水的混合，以大气降水为主。
通过硫、铅同位素研究，获得含矿岩浆岩的硫同位素34S（-0.48‰~12.2‰，平均3.80‰）与硫化物矿物的硫同位素34S（-1.5‰～+4.3‰，平均0.98‰）组成一致，总硫同位素34S∑S组成为-1.903‰，具有典型的岩浆硫组成特点（34S=0‰）；含矿岩浆岩铅同位素(206)~Pb/(204)~Pb、(207)~Pb/(204)~Pb、(208)~Pb/(204)~Pb比值分别变化于38.857~39.857、15.620~15.704、18.684~18.768之间，方铅矿铅同位素组成(206)~Pb/(204)Pb、(207)~Pb/(204)~Pb、(208)~Pb/(204)~Pb比值分别变化于18.752～18.825、15.712～15.718、39.348～39.463之间，显示其具有正常铅同位素的特点，可能同源，具有相同的演化历史或起源；特征值及铅同位素图解显示其具有壳幔混合特征，以壳源为主，可能主要来源于参加造山带的上部地壳。Sr同位素、Re同位素表明，矿床的成矿物质可能来源于地幔，或以地幔为主。
通过以上研究，确立了该矿床的成因为次火山-热液矿床；按赋矿岩石分类，钼铜矿为斑岩型矿床，铅锌矿为碳酸盐岩型；根据成矿作用过程分析，建立了该矿床的成矿演化模式图；通过蚀变分带特征、勘探线剖面、流体包裹体等方面进行了找矿评价，提出在矿区西部，尤其是深部仍具有良好的成矿潜力，以后的勘探找矿工作重心应放在矿区深部和西部。
The Bangpu porphyry-type Mo-Cu polymetallic deposit is a typical large-scaledporphyry deposit was found between the years from2007to2009,which lies ineastern Gangdese metallogenic belt,Tibet.Its geotectonic position is in Gangdese andNyenchen Tanglha Range terrane Tibetan Plateau,Tibet.On administration, which wascame within the jurisdiction of Nimajiangre County, Maizhokunggar County.Thispaper mainly through detailed study of geological characteristics, geochemistry of theelements, isochronology of the magma emplaced into the crust and formed theore-bearing porphyries,fluid inclusions,sulfur and lead isotope and so on,deeplyanalyzes important problems of its genesis, built up a metallogenic evolutionmodel,and throuth the study of prospeeting and evaluation,pointed out the maintargets of exploration guide.
The exposed strata in the Bangpu ore filed from old to young are Luobaduiformation(P1l) of Lower Permian,the Dianzhong formation(E1d) of the Eogene andQuaternary(Q).Study shows that its mother rock is monzonite granite-porphyry.Detailed petrographic and geochemical studies show that it belongs to theshoshonite series and high-K calc-alkaline series,which high in SiO2（67.06%～73.70%）、K_2O （3.61%~7.642%）， poor in CaO （0.14%~4.40%）and Na_2O（0.140%~4.40%）.The monzonite granite-porphyry have high content of∑REE andvary grealy from22.01×10~(-6)to107.606×10~(-6),rich in LREE,low in HREE. A weaknegative to normal Eu anomaly vary from0.592～1.064.Traceelements arecharacterized by LILE-rich（enrichments in Rb、U、Cs） and HFSE-depletion（depletments in Ba、Sr、P、Ti and Y）.The forming environment of monzonitegranite-porphyry is complex,but mainly in syn-collisional tectonic setting whichbelongs to the Indian-Asian Continental Collision,to which full of crust extensionaltectonic and refer to many stages of Gangdese Regional Plate subduction.Ore bearing monzonite granite-porphyry was mainly came from the crust’s reworking granitewhich belongs to S-types,but does not rule out of A-types of mantle oringin granite.The ore body maily be made up of Mo and Cu ore body and Pb and Zn ore body.TheMo and Cu ore body are located within the monzonite granite-porphyry(ηγπ) whichbelongs to the late Himalayan stage and wall rock of Dianzhong formation volcanicrock.In the plane of the horizon,the ore body is hollow-oval which like a bean orenormous size equiaxed dendrites in shape,while in section,it likes aciculate types orvertical body.ore body occurrences along their extension are stable.The Pb and Zn orebody yields in the contact zone and nearby where rock contact with limestone belongsto Luobadui Formation in Lower Permian(P1l),the distribution of ore body are nests,lentil,vein and layer-like-shaped.
The structure of ore are impregnation,string,crumb, breccoated and massivestructure et al.The main testure are self-crystals to semi-self crystals,xenotopic,inclusion and coterminal texture et al. Dominanent metallic minerals are molybdenite,chalcopyrite,pyrite, and galenite,sphalerite et al.Nonmetallic minerals arequartz,potassium feldspar,plagioclase,sericite,calcite,chlorite etc.Through electronicprobe test, Mo, S main components content in molybdenite is similar to its theoreticalvalue(40.06%),calculate the molecular formula of molybdenite as Mo0.99S2-Mo1.02S2.In addition of the main elements such as Mo,Cu,Pb,Zn can be used, elementsof S,Au and Ag can also be comprehensive utilizated.
This deposit have typical wall-rock alteration,which alteration zoningcharacteristic are similar to the model of lowell and Geibert.Zoning in plane or insection are like the same,from the inner to outer,K-silicate zone, sericite altered zone,argillic zone and aropilitic zone.The mineralization of Mo and Cu are mainly inK-silicate zone,secondly in sericite altered zone,while Pb and Zn are distributed inaropilitic zone.
Isochronology study of rock forming and ore forming was applicated in thisarticle The zircon SHRIMP U-Pb technique was applied to measure the age of themonzonite granite-porphyry and granite-porphyry from the Bangpu porphy deposits,It was obtained that the206Pb/238U mean age respectively are13.9±0.3Myrs (MSWD=3.05）and14.2±0.2Myrs（MSWD=0.79）.The isochron of whole rock Rb-Sr ofmonzonite granite-porphyry is13.88±0.38Myrs,which are all consistent with theirmodel ages.The isochron of Re-Os of molybdenite is14.92±0.18Myrs（MSWD=1.3）,weighted mean age is14.56±0.18（MSWD=6.0）,which are consistentwith their errors.While associated with the former researched data,full of nine point,gained an isochron age of Re-Os are14.67±0.54Myrs,weighted mean age as14.54±0.093Myrs,these ages are so closed to each other.So the age of14.67±0.54Myrs presented the age of ore-forming of Mo and Cu from Bangpu porphyrydeposit.Continuous laser microprobe40Ar-39Ar technique has been taken to carry outin stiu analysis on to the ore-bearing vein quartz,an40Ar-39Ar isochron which givesout an isochrons age of13.9±0.9Myrs(MSWD=29) and reverse isochrones age of13.8±1.6Myrs（MSWD=30）.A pyrite Rb-Sr Isochron age of11.0±1.5Myrs withMSWD=3.5was obtained from ore-bearing Mo and Cu ores which represents the ageof Mo-Cu’s later episode mineralization.A sphalerite Rb-Sr Isochron age of3.6±1.5Myrs（R=0.9942）was obtained from ore-bearing lead and zinc ores,thise ageis lower than the age of zircon U-Pb,Re-Os age and Ar-Ar age, shows that the leadand zinc deposit is the activity of porphyry-after the term hydrotherMyrsl,whichrepresents the age of Pb and Zn’s later episode mineralization.The isochron age of thisdeposit is from l5.32±0.79Myrs to11.0±1.5Myrs.In this deposit,the Mo-Cu Myrsinlymineralized from14.67Myrs to11.0Myrs, ore-beard porphyry age of mineralizationwas from14.4Myrs to13.5Myrs,shows that its rcok-forming and ore-forming is acontinuous process,which belongs to a rapid outbreak of large-scale mineralizationprocess.
Study of the temperatures,pressures,salinities,compositions and oxygen andhydrogen isotopes of fluid inclusions in quartz and calcite in various mineralizationstages of the hydrothermal ore-forming process indicates that the ore fluids in everyperiods belong to high and medium temperature （172~239℃）,medium sality（23.96~50.85wt%NaCleq）,high and medium density（1.0696～1.0849g/cm3）onesand the（Cl~--）SO_4(2-)Na~+-（K~+）hydrochemical type and formed in a low-pressure（36.9×10~5Pa~110.23×10~5Pa）and ore-forming pressure（23.4×10~5Pa~41.9×10~5Pa）,ore-forming depeth is0.094~0.184km which belongs to super hypabyssal oreforming process.Three periods of the ore fluids may have been derived frommagmatic-hydrothermal and subsurface hydrothermal water,while subsurfacehydrothermal water prodorminent.
Through the study of sulfur, lead and noble gas isotopes, it show that34S fromore-bearing magmatic and sulfide mineral are in accordance with magma sulfurcomposition （34S=0‰） which vary from-0.48‰~12.2‰（mean=3.80‰） and-1.5‰～+4.3‰（mean=0.98‰）respectively,and34S∑Sis-1.903‰.The lead isotopeof206Pb/204Pb,207Pb/204Pb,208Pb/204Pb from ore-bearing magmatic is vary from38.857~39.857,15.620~15.704,18.684~18.768respectively, while the lead isotopefrom galena is vary from18.752~18.825,15.712~15.718,39.348~39.463, it shows thenormal lead characteristics with the same homologous evolutionary history or the source.The eigenvalue and lead isotopic diagram shows they mixed with crustalmaterials and mantle materials, but majored in crust origin, mainly comes from theupper crust in orogenic belts.Sr isotopes and Re isotopes indicate that themetallogenic substance may be derived from the mantle, or mainly from mantle.
Through these studies above,the genesis of this deposit was confirmed, it is avolcano hydrothermal deposit.while basised on the ore-bearing rock,the ore of Moand Cu is a porphyry copper type deposit,while the lead and zinc ore is carbonatetype.According to the analysis of ore-forming process, the evolution model of ore-forming in the area being established.Through alteration zones characteristics,geological prospecting line section,fluid inclusions and other aspects for explorationguide, We suggest that the west area have metallogenic potential of Mo-Cu deposit,especially at depth,the emphasis may be on the west and depth for later work.
引文
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