二元金融结构、市场化进程与城乡收入差距
|
摘要
虽然中国经济的工业化、金融化、城市化、市场化进程快速推进,居民总体收入水平得到持续稳定提高,但是,中国的收入差距在区域、城乡等维度,都出现明显的上升(Wan,2008)。城乡收入差距扩大是中国收入差距扩大最重要的影响因素,其对居民收入失衡的贡献率达到63.66%-65.24%(李尚蒲和罗必良,2012),远远超过其他发展中国家(Eastwood and Lipton,2004)。中国经济处在转型与转轨的快速变迁阶段,出现了很多发展中国家难以观察到的典型现象：市场化进程加快、金融高速发展、二元结构强化、城乡收入差距扩大。单一变量或者视角、静态地分析很难诠释这一复杂问题,这也正是近年来在城乡收入差距研究中争论激烈的原因之所在。金融具有越来越突出的生产效应、收入效应、财富效应等综合效应。市场化进程中日益突出的城乡二元金融结构对城乡收入差距究竟扮演什么角色,如何处理二者的关系,无论在学术层面的理论研究还是政策实践都面临诸多矛盾的决策。
现代金融理论的核心是金融发展与经济增长的关系,而对于金融发展影响和调整居民收入分配的理论分析较少。并且,这些已有研究也存在诸多值得商榷的问题。一是缺乏二元金融结构视角。中国的金融发展包含显著的城乡二元特性,而这一事实常常被主流经济学家忽视。现有研究多将城乡二元金融结构隐含在宏观金融发展进程之中,这样的研究逻辑得到的结论缺乏说服力；二是忽略市场机制的作用。研究得出的“金融抑制扭曲拉大城乡收入差距”的结论,未能充分考虑中国转轨经济的典型特征。事实上,中国经济的市场化进程无论是在时间上还是区域间的空间上都表现出快速发展的特征：三是缺乏动态性考察。多数的实证研究是集中在一个时段且采用固定参数法得出研究结论。然而,中国经济发展具有典型的阶段性和区域性特征,不同的发展期间,以及不同的发展阶段,变量间的关系可能出现不同的规律。忽略这一事实,无论是时间还是空间上的“平均”得出的结论,其科学性都会受到质疑。因此,本文以收入及收入分配理论、二元经济理论、城镇化与收入差距理论等作为理论基础,基于中国金融非均衡发展和市场化进程加速推进的现实背景,采用理论联系现实并进行必要的抽象和假设,构建市场化背景下二元金融结构影响城乡收入差距的理论分析框架,理论揭示二元金融结构和市场化进程影响城乡收入差距的机理与渠道,并分别采用静态、动态等多维度视角进行实证检验,最后总结探讨中国未来进一步扭转城乡收入失衡局面的可行方案。具体而言,本文的研究遵循理论分析→实证检验→对策建议的逻辑范式,研究内容概括为：(1)理论基础和借鉴。分析收入及收入分配理论、二元经济理论以及城镇化与收入差距理论的经典要义,吸收其中可供借鉴部分作为本研究的理论基础;(2)城乡收入差距的理论框架。基于二元金融结构和市场化改革两个中国宏观经济的重要实践,揭示两者影响城乡收入差距的作用渠道和路径,构建市场化背景下的二元金融结构影响城乡收入差距的理论分析框架,分析政府和市场双重力量作用下中国城乡收入差距的形成机理和可能的收敛机制；(3)中国城乡收入差距变动的特征事实。从宏观、区域以及市场化三个视角,时间、结构以及收入来源等多个维度刻画中国城乡收入差距的演变规律以及表现特征；(4)二元金融结构、市场化进程影响城乡收入差距的静态分析。从省际与结构两个层面系统地分析二元金融结构、市场化进程等变量影响城乡收入差距的经验证据；(5)二元金融结构、市场化进程影响城乡收入差距的动态分析。采用区域分组的参数估计与非参数逐点回归考察市场化进程的背景下二元金融结构影响城乡收入差距的作用机理及动态过程；(6)基于研究结论提出调控城乡收入差距的政策建议。基于本文的理论和实证分析,提出管理城乡收入差距的具体政策。
研究表明,(1)改革开放以来,中国的城乡收入差距总体呈现波动中上升的趋势,各项收入来源结构在城乡居民之间也存在较大差异,其中,工资性收入和转移性收入是城乡收入差距扩大的重要来源,而财产性收入对城乡收入差距基尼系数的贡献率处于快速上升通道;(2)城乡二元金融结构影响城乡收入差距并对城乡收入差距呈现倒U型关系,即市场化初期,二元金融结构刺激城乡收入差距的扩大,伴随市场化进程的推进则促进城乡收入差距的收敛；(3)市场化进程有利于资源的合理流动,促进居民收入的提高,发挥抑制城乡收入差距的作用;(4)市场化进程推进的城乡二元金融结构有利于促进居民收入的提高,并最终发挥抑制城乡收入差距扩大的作用；(5)政府在缩减城乡收入差距中的作用面临瓶颈;(6)相邻省域的城乡收入差距具有正向的联动效应,二元经济结构是扩大城乡收入差距的重要因素,现阶段城镇化抑城乡收入差距的功能尚未得到有效发挥。
据此,本文提出的可供选择的优化措施包括：(1)促进城乡一体化建设,缩小财产性收入差距;(2)加快市场化进程,促进城乡资源流动；(3)解除金融抑制,助推金融效率提升；(4)规范政府行为,健全收入分配政策；(5)打破户籍壁垒,推进劳动力市场构建。
与已有文献相比,本文可能存在的创新点包括：(1)构建市场化背景下二元金融结构影响城乡收入差距的理论分析框架；(2)探究市场化进程对城乡收入差距的影响及动态规律：(3)探索市场化进程下的二元金融结构影响城乡收入差距的倒U型规律,即市场化初期,二元金融结构刺激城乡收入差距的扩大,伴随市场化进程的推进则促进城乡收入差距的收敛。
The contradiction of income gap, especially the contradiction of urban-rural income's imbalance, which is significant and practical problem, needs Chinese authorities to solve urgently. Although China's economy industrialization, financialization, urbanization, and marketization process advance rapidly, residents'overall income levels have been steadily improving, China's income gap in the regional, urban and rural areas and other fields goes up obviously (Wan,2008). Urban-rural income gap's widening is the most important factor to China'income gap, and the contribution rate to residents'income imbalance is63.66%～65.24%(Li Shangpu and Luo Biliang,2012), which is far more than other developing counties(Eastwood and Lipton,2004). If take the free medical care, unemployment insurance and other non-monetary factors into consideration, China will be one of countries who have the largest urban-rural income gap. When the urban-rural income gap is too large, it not only challenges the fairness and justice, but also social stability. Because of rural residents'higher propensity to consume, the widening of urban-rural income gap pulls down residents'overall level of consumption. Thus it blocks the levels of China's domestic demand's enhancing and exacerbates the contradiction of economic structure. They are not conducive to the transformation and upgrading of economy. Therefore, how to narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents must be a priority issue to boost domestic demand and build a harmonious society. This dissertation not only enriches the theories on developing countries' urban-rural income gap, but also puts forward optimization measures which are more fit to the development of China in practice. Thus it has important and practical significance on putting forward practical macroeconomic policy to cure the imbalances of urban-rural income.
Due to the finance's core position in the modern economic development, financial development and urban-rural income gap attracted much research interest. A growing number of studies began to focus on the relationship between financial development and urban-rural income gap. This dissertation is different from the traditional study and is based on a typical feature with urban and rural dual financial structure in financial unbalanced development from dual financial structure perspective. At the same time, this paper considers the impact of the marketization process on urban-rural income gap in view of the development of China's regional economy, periodicity and non-equilibrium of China's economy. This study uses the income and the income distribution theory, dual economy theory, urbanization and income gap as the logical starting point. On the basis of facts of the evolution of China's urban-rural income gap, this paper links theories with reality to necessary abstract and assumptions, proposes the formation mechanism of China's urban-rural income gap, takes dual financial structure, marketization process, government behavior and some other factors into a unified analysis framework, combines with parametric method and nonparametric method, to study how dual financial structure's mechanism and dynamic processes during marketization of different stages affect urban-rural income gap.
This study follows the theoretical analysis, empirical test, countermeasures and suggestions. Research contents are summarized as:(1) The theoretical basis and reference. Analyze the typical points of income and income distribution theory, dual economy theory and the theory of urban-rural income gap and absorb reference sections as the theoretical basis and logical starting point of this study.(2) The theoretical framework of income gap between urban and rural region. On the basis of the important evidence of dual financial structure and market reformation, we reveal the two channels, construct urban-rural income gap's theory analysis framework under the marketization and analyze China's urban-rural income gap's formation mechanism and possible mechanism of convergence in the dual power of government and market.(3) The characteristic facts of the urban-rural income gap's changing in China. From the macro, regional and marketization, the time, structure, income sources and some other factors portray China's urban-rural income gap's evolution and performance characteristic.(4) The empirical static analysis of the effects of the dual financial structure and marketization on the urban-rural income gap. A comprehensive analysis of the dual financial structure and marketization on the urban-rural income gap's empirical evidence from provinces and structures, tests the effects of concrete.(5) The empirical dynamic analysis of the effects of the dual financial structure and marketization on the urban-rural income gap. Use parameter estimation of regional grouping and non-parametric methods to study the dynamic trend presented by urban-rural dual financial structural coefficient when changes with the development of marketization. Analyze the marketization process's overall effects on urban-rural income gap, and analyze process of how to affect urban-rural income gap's changing through affecting dual finance and some other channels.(6) Policy recommendations to control urban-rural income gap on the basis of this study. Propose specific policy to manage urban-rural income gap on the basis this subject's theory and empirical analysis.
Research suggest:(1) since the reform and opening up, the overall income gap between urban and rural areas in China fluctuated upward trend, and all kinds of income source structures are quite different between urban and rural residents. Among them, wage income and transfer income is an important source of expanding urban-rural income gap, and property income's contribution rate to the income gap between urban and rural areas is at the fast rising channel.(2)The urban-rural dual financial structure affects the income gap between urban and rural. And it has an inverted U relationship to the urban-rural income gap. In other words, dual financial structure stimulates the widening of urban-rural income gap at the beginning, but promotes the convergence of urban-rural income gap then.(3) The marketization process is good for the rationally flowing of resources, which contribute to the improvement of income and restrain the urban-rural income gap.(4) The urban-rural dual financial structure in marketization process is to contribute to the improvement of income, and ultimately inhibit the widening of the income gap between urban and rural areas.(5) The role of the government in reducing the income gap between urban and rural areas bottlenecks.(6) Neighboring provincial income gap between urban and rural areas have interactive and positive effects. Dual economic structure is an important factor to the expanding of the income gap between urban and rural areas. The urbanization inhibition of income gap between urban and rural areas has not been effectively. Accordingly, this dissertation puts forward some optimization measures. Including:(1) Promote the integration of urban-rural construction and narrow the gap of property incomes between urban and rural areas.(2) Speed up the process of marketization and promote urban and rural resource flow.(3) Lift the financial repression and improve financial efficiency.(4) Regulate the behavior of the government and perfect the policy of income distribution.(5) Break the household registration system and promote the construction of labor market.
The innovation points:(1) Build the theoretical framework for analyzing the dual financial structure affecting the urban-rural income gap under the background of marketization process.(2) Explore the influence and dynamic laws of the marketization process on the urban-rural income gap.(3) Find the inverted U-shaped pattern between the dual financial structure and the urban-rural income gap under the marketization process, namely the early marketization, the dual financial structure stimulates the expansion of urban-rural income gap, while marketization of later period to promote convergence of income gap between urban and rural areas.
现代金融理论的核心是金融发展与经济增长的关系,而对于金融发展影响和调整居民收入分配的理论分析较少。并且,这些已有研究也存在诸多值得商榷的问题。一是缺乏二元金融结构视角。中国的金融发展包含显著的城乡二元特性,而这一事实常常被主流经济学家忽视。现有研究多将城乡二元金融结构隐含在宏观金融发展进程之中,这样的研究逻辑得到的结论缺乏说服力；二是忽略市场机制的作用。研究得出的“金融抑制扭曲拉大城乡收入差距”的结论,未能充分考虑中国转轨经济的典型特征。事实上,中国经济的市场化进程无论是在时间上还是区域间的空间上都表现出快速发展的特征：三是缺乏动态性考察。多数的实证研究是集中在一个时段且采用固定参数法得出研究结论。然而,中国经济发展具有典型的阶段性和区域性特征,不同的发展期间,以及不同的发展阶段,变量间的关系可能出现不同的规律。忽略这一事实,无论是时间还是空间上的“平均”得出的结论,其科学性都会受到质疑。因此,本文以收入及收入分配理论、二元经济理论、城镇化与收入差距理论等作为理论基础,基于中国金融非均衡发展和市场化进程加速推进的现实背景,采用理论联系现实并进行必要的抽象和假设,构建市场化背景下二元金融结构影响城乡收入差距的理论分析框架,理论揭示二元金融结构和市场化进程影响城乡收入差距的机理与渠道,并分别采用静态、动态等多维度视角进行实证检验,最后总结探讨中国未来进一步扭转城乡收入失衡局面的可行方案。具体而言,本文的研究遵循理论分析→实证检验→对策建议的逻辑范式,研究内容概括为：(1)理论基础和借鉴。分析收入及收入分配理论、二元经济理论以及城镇化与收入差距理论的经典要义,吸收其中可供借鉴部分作为本研究的理论基础;(2)城乡收入差距的理论框架。基于二元金融结构和市场化改革两个中国宏观经济的重要实践,揭示两者影响城乡收入差距的作用渠道和路径,构建市场化背景下的二元金融结构影响城乡收入差距的理论分析框架,分析政府和市场双重力量作用下中国城乡收入差距的形成机理和可能的收敛机制；(3)中国城乡收入差距变动的特征事实。从宏观、区域以及市场化三个视角,时间、结构以及收入来源等多个维度刻画中国城乡收入差距的演变规律以及表现特征；(4)二元金融结构、市场化进程影响城乡收入差距的静态分析。从省际与结构两个层面系统地分析二元金融结构、市场化进程等变量影响城乡收入差距的经验证据；(5)二元金融结构、市场化进程影响城乡收入差距的动态分析。采用区域分组的参数估计与非参数逐点回归考察市场化进程的背景下二元金融结构影响城乡收入差距的作用机理及动态过程；(6)基于研究结论提出调控城乡收入差距的政策建议。基于本文的理论和实证分析,提出管理城乡收入差距的具体政策。
研究表明,(1)改革开放以来,中国的城乡收入差距总体呈现波动中上升的趋势,各项收入来源结构在城乡居民之间也存在较大差异,其中,工资性收入和转移性收入是城乡收入差距扩大的重要来源,而财产性收入对城乡收入差距基尼系数的贡献率处于快速上升通道;(2)城乡二元金融结构影响城乡收入差距并对城乡收入差距呈现倒U型关系,即市场化初期,二元金融结构刺激城乡收入差距的扩大,伴随市场化进程的推进则促进城乡收入差距的收敛；(3)市场化进程有利于资源的合理流动,促进居民收入的提高,发挥抑制城乡收入差距的作用;(4)市场化进程推进的城乡二元金融结构有利于促进居民收入的提高,并最终发挥抑制城乡收入差距扩大的作用；(5)政府在缩减城乡收入差距中的作用面临瓶颈;(6)相邻省域的城乡收入差距具有正向的联动效应,二元经济结构是扩大城乡收入差距的重要因素,现阶段城镇化抑城乡收入差距的功能尚未得到有效发挥。
据此,本文提出的可供选择的优化措施包括：(1)促进城乡一体化建设,缩小财产性收入差距;(2)加快市场化进程,促进城乡资源流动；(3)解除金融抑制,助推金融效率提升；(4)规范政府行为,健全收入分配政策；(5)打破户籍壁垒,推进劳动力市场构建。
与已有文献相比,本文可能存在的创新点包括：(1)构建市场化背景下二元金融结构影响城乡收入差距的理论分析框架；(2)探究市场化进程对城乡收入差距的影响及动态规律：(3)探索市场化进程下的二元金融结构影响城乡收入差距的倒U型规律,即市场化初期,二元金融结构刺激城乡收入差距的扩大,伴随市场化进程的推进则促进城乡收入差距的收敛。
The contradiction of income gap, especially the contradiction of urban-rural income's imbalance, which is significant and practical problem, needs Chinese authorities to solve urgently. Although China's economy industrialization, financialization, urbanization, and marketization process advance rapidly, residents'overall income levels have been steadily improving, China's income gap in the regional, urban and rural areas and other fields goes up obviously (Wan,2008). Urban-rural income gap's widening is the most important factor to China'income gap, and the contribution rate to residents'income imbalance is63.66%～65.24%(Li Shangpu and Luo Biliang,2012), which is far more than other developing counties(Eastwood and Lipton,2004). If take the free medical care, unemployment insurance and other non-monetary factors into consideration, China will be one of countries who have the largest urban-rural income gap. When the urban-rural income gap is too large, it not only challenges the fairness and justice, but also social stability. Because of rural residents'higher propensity to consume, the widening of urban-rural income gap pulls down residents'overall level of consumption. Thus it blocks the levels of China's domestic demand's enhancing and exacerbates the contradiction of economic structure. They are not conducive to the transformation and upgrading of economy. Therefore, how to narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents must be a priority issue to boost domestic demand and build a harmonious society. This dissertation not only enriches the theories on developing countries' urban-rural income gap, but also puts forward optimization measures which are more fit to the development of China in practice. Thus it has important and practical significance on putting forward practical macroeconomic policy to cure the imbalances of urban-rural income.
Due to the finance's core position in the modern economic development, financial development and urban-rural income gap attracted much research interest. A growing number of studies began to focus on the relationship between financial development and urban-rural income gap. This dissertation is different from the traditional study and is based on a typical feature with urban and rural dual financial structure in financial unbalanced development from dual financial structure perspective. At the same time, this paper considers the impact of the marketization process on urban-rural income gap in view of the development of China's regional economy, periodicity and non-equilibrium of China's economy. This study uses the income and the income distribution theory, dual economy theory, urbanization and income gap as the logical starting point. On the basis of facts of the evolution of China's urban-rural income gap, this paper links theories with reality to necessary abstract and assumptions, proposes the formation mechanism of China's urban-rural income gap, takes dual financial structure, marketization process, government behavior and some other factors into a unified analysis framework, combines with parametric method and nonparametric method, to study how dual financial structure's mechanism and dynamic processes during marketization of different stages affect urban-rural income gap.
This study follows the theoretical analysis, empirical test, countermeasures and suggestions. Research contents are summarized as:(1) The theoretical basis and reference. Analyze the typical points of income and income distribution theory, dual economy theory and the theory of urban-rural income gap and absorb reference sections as the theoretical basis and logical starting point of this study.(2) The theoretical framework of income gap between urban and rural region. On the basis of the important evidence of dual financial structure and market reformation, we reveal the two channels, construct urban-rural income gap's theory analysis framework under the marketization and analyze China's urban-rural income gap's formation mechanism and possible mechanism of convergence in the dual power of government and market.(3) The characteristic facts of the urban-rural income gap's changing in China. From the macro, regional and marketization, the time, structure, income sources and some other factors portray China's urban-rural income gap's evolution and performance characteristic.(4) The empirical static analysis of the effects of the dual financial structure and marketization on the urban-rural income gap. A comprehensive analysis of the dual financial structure and marketization on the urban-rural income gap's empirical evidence from provinces and structures, tests the effects of concrete.(5) The empirical dynamic analysis of the effects of the dual financial structure and marketization on the urban-rural income gap. Use parameter estimation of regional grouping and non-parametric methods to study the dynamic trend presented by urban-rural dual financial structural coefficient when changes with the development of marketization. Analyze the marketization process's overall effects on urban-rural income gap, and analyze process of how to affect urban-rural income gap's changing through affecting dual finance and some other channels.(6) Policy recommendations to control urban-rural income gap on the basis of this study. Propose specific policy to manage urban-rural income gap on the basis this subject's theory and empirical analysis.
Research suggest:(1) since the reform and opening up, the overall income gap between urban and rural areas in China fluctuated upward trend, and all kinds of income source structures are quite different between urban and rural residents. Among them, wage income and transfer income is an important source of expanding urban-rural income gap, and property income's contribution rate to the income gap between urban and rural areas is at the fast rising channel.(2)The urban-rural dual financial structure affects the income gap between urban and rural. And it has an inverted U relationship to the urban-rural income gap. In other words, dual financial structure stimulates the widening of urban-rural income gap at the beginning, but promotes the convergence of urban-rural income gap then.(3) The marketization process is good for the rationally flowing of resources, which contribute to the improvement of income and restrain the urban-rural income gap.(4) The urban-rural dual financial structure in marketization process is to contribute to the improvement of income, and ultimately inhibit the widening of the income gap between urban and rural areas.(5) The role of the government in reducing the income gap between urban and rural areas bottlenecks.(6) Neighboring provincial income gap between urban and rural areas have interactive and positive effects. Dual economic structure is an important factor to the expanding of the income gap between urban and rural areas. The urbanization inhibition of income gap between urban and rural areas has not been effectively. Accordingly, this dissertation puts forward some optimization measures. Including:(1) Promote the integration of urban-rural construction and narrow the gap of property incomes between urban and rural areas.(2) Speed up the process of marketization and promote urban and rural resource flow.(3) Lift the financial repression and improve financial efficiency.(4) Regulate the behavior of the government and perfect the policy of income distribution.(5) Break the household registration system and promote the construction of labor market.
The innovation points:(1) Build the theoretical framework for analyzing the dual financial structure affecting the urban-rural income gap under the background of marketization process.(2) Explore the influence and dynamic laws of the marketization process on the urban-rural income gap.(3) Find the inverted U-shaped pattern between the dual financial structure and the urban-rural income gap under the marketization process, namely the early marketization, the dual financial structure stimulates the expansion of urban-rural income gap, while marketization of later period to promote convergence of income gap between urban and rural areas.
引文
② 据测算,1978-2009年间,城乡收入差距可以解释居民消费率下降幅度的42.8%(程磊,2011)[6]。
② 据测算,1978-2009年间,城乡收入差距可以解释居民消费率下降幅度的42.8%(程磊,2011)[6]。
① 资料来源于《中国统计年鉴》(2012)。
② 资料来源于《中国统计年鉴》(2012)。
① 资料来源于《中国经济周刊》(2011年第37期)《今年城乡收入差距会缩小吗5?》：http://paper.people.com.cn/zgijzk/html/2011-09/19/content_929736.htm?div=-1。
① 资料来源于《国家标准频道》(2013-7-18)：http://www.chinagb.org/Article-260523.html.
② 中央农村T作领导小组副组长、办公室主任陈锡文在解读城乡收入差距的数据时进一步指出,由十城乡居民收入的统计口径不同,城镇居民是可支配收入,农民是纯收入,如果都按可支配收入同一口径统计,城乡收入差距还要大些。资料来源于《新华网》(2013-7-16)《中国城乡收入差距收窄“质变”尚待观察》：http://news.xinhuanet.com/finance/2013-07/16/c_116563602.htm。
① 资料来源于《中国统计年鉴》(2012)。
① 资料来源于《新华网》(2013-7-18)《新闻分析：解析上半年中国农民收入构成》http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2013-07/18/c_116597684.htm.
① 也有文献将其称为第i项收入来源的“集中率”。具体可以参照迟巍和蔡许许(2012)[146]。
① 资料来源于《中国金融稳定报告》(2013)。
② 截至2012年末,全国范围共有农村信用社1927家、农村商业银行337家、农村合作银行147家、村镇银行876家(其中,开业的有800家,筹建的有76家)。资料来源十《中国金融稳定报告》(2013)。
③ 农村(县及县以下)贷款包括金融机构发放给注册地位于县及县以下的企业及各类组织的所有贷款和农户贷款。
④ 资料来源于《中国金融稳定报告》(2013)。
① 出于防范金融风险的目的,1998年以来商业银行普遍实行抵押担保制度,到2000年全国范围内金融机构的抵押贷款占比达到近60%(赵群,2004)。
① 资料来源于《2012年全国农民工监测调查报告》。
① 据国家人口计生委发布的《中国流动人口发展报告》(2012)中披露的数据,流动人口平均每周工作54.6个小时,远远超过了劳动法规定的每周40个小时的工作时间。
① 资料来源于《京华时报》(2013-2-27第003版)《户籍带来60多种城乡不平等福利》：http://epaper.jinghua.cn/html/2013-02/27/content_1970866.htm。
② 资料、来源于《国家行政学院学报》(2013年第3期)《从“他者”到“群我”：农民工随迁子女学校融入问题研究》：http://theory.people.com.cn/n/2013/0730/c217905-22382188.html。
[1]Chen, J., D. Dai, M. Pu, W. Hou and Q. Feng. The Trend of the Gini Coefficient of China[R]. Brooks World Poverty Institute Working Paper Series No.10910,2010.
[2]韩其恒,李俊青.二元经济下的中国城乡收入差距的动态演化研究[J].金融研究,2011,(8)15-30.
[3]Gustafsson, B., S. Li, T. Sicular and X. Yue. Income Inequality and Spatial Differences in China, 1988,1995, and 2002[C]. In:Gustafsson et al. (eds.) Inequality and Public Policy in China, Cambridge University Press,2008.
[4]Li, S. and C. Luo. Re-Estimating the Income Gap between Urban and Rural Households in China[J]. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences,2010,2,7151-7163.
[5]Sutherland, D. and S. Yao. Income Inequality in China over 30 Years of Reforms[J]. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society,2011,4, (1),91-105.
[6]程磊.收入差距扩大与中国内需不足：理论机制与实证检验[J].经济科学,2011,(1)11-24.
[7]彭森.关于稳价安民几个重大关系的思考[J].求是,2012,(8)25-27.
[8]Kuijs, L. and T. Wang. China's Pattern of Growth:Moving to Sustainability and Reducing Inequality[J]. China & World Economy,2006,14,(1),1-14.
[9]高帆.中国居民收入差距变动的因素分解：趋势及解释[J].经济科学,2012,(3)5-17.
[10]万广华,朱翠萍.中国城市化面临的问题与思考：文献综述[J].世界经济文汇,2010,(6)106-116.
|11] Lu, D. China's Regional Income Disparity[J]. Economics of Transition,2008,16, (1),31-58.
[12]钟宁桦.农村工业化还能走多远?[J].经济研究,2011,(1)18-27.
[13]匡远配.我国城乡居民收入差距：基于要素收入流的一个解释[J].农业经济问题,2013,(2)76-84.
[14]谢家智,周振.关于开发性金融发展定位的思考[J].金融教学与研究,2006,(6)16-18.
[15]简泽,干春晖,余典范.银行部门的市场化、信贷配置与工业重构[J].经济研究,2013,(5)112-127.
[16]尹希果,陈刚,程世骑.中国金融发展与城乡收入差距关系的再检验——基于面板单位根和VAR模型的估计[J].当代经济科学,2007,(1)15-24.
[17]马少晔.基于劳动力流动视角的城乡收入差距及影响因素再检验[D].南京农业大学博士学位论文,2011.
[18]许月丽,张忠根.农村正规金融发展与经济二元转型：促进抑或抑制?[J].财经研究,2013,(4)4-15.
[19]江源,谢家智.我国城乡二元金融结构形成机制的区域差异——基于变截距模型的影响因素研究[J].财经研究,2013,(7)72-81.
[20]Kaldor, N. Alternative Theories of Distribution[J]. The Review of Economic Studies.1956,23, (2),83-100.
[21]Robinson, J. The Accumulation of Capital[M]. London:MacMillan,1956.
[22]Pasinetti, L. L. The Rate of Profit and Income Distribution in Relation to the Rate of Economic Growth[J]. The Review of Economic Studies,1962,29, (4),267-279.
[23]Krueger, A. O., M. Schiff and A. Valdes. The political Economy of Agricultural Pricing Policy[M]. The Johns Hopkins University Press,1991.
[24]Shleifer, A. and R. W. Vishny. Corruption[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1993,108, (3), 599-617.
[25]Shleifer, A. and R. W. Vishny. Politicians and Firms[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1994, 109, (4),995-1025.
[26]Shleifer, A. and R. W. Vishny. The Grabbing Hand:Government Pathologies and Their Cures[M]. Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press,1998.
[27]Acemoglu, D. A Simple Model of Inefficient Institutions[J]. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics,2006,108, (4),515-546.
[28]Gerschenkron, A. Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective[M]. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press,1962.
[29]Lal, D. The Poverty of Development Economics[M]. Cambridge MA:Harvard University Press, 1985.
[30]Lin, J. Y. Economic Development and Transition:Thought, Strategy, and Viability[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2009.
[31]林毅夫,蔡昉,李周.中国的奇迹：发展战略与经济改革(增订版)[M].上海：上海三联书店、上海人民出版社,2002.
[32]Kanbur, R. and X. Zhang. Fifty Years of Regional Inequality in China:a Journey Through Central Planning, Reform, and Openness[J]. Review of Development Economics,2005,9, (1), 87-106.
[33]Lipton, M. Why Poor People Stay Poor:Urban Bias in World Development[M]. Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press,1977.
[34]Bates, R. Markets and States in Tropical Africa[J]. University of California Press,1981.
[35]Laffont, J. J. and Y. Qian. The Dynamics of Reform and Development in China:A Political Economy Perspective[J]. European Economic Review,1999,43, (4-6),1105-1114.
[36]Roland, G. The Political Economy of Transition[J]. The Journal of Economic Perspective,2002, 16,(1),29-50.
[37]Majumdar, S., A. Mani and S. W. Mukand. Politics, Information and the Urban Bias[J]. Journal of Development Economics,2004,75, (1),137-165.
[38]蔡昉,杨涛.城乡收入差距的政治经济学[J].中国社会科学,2000,(4)11-22.
[39]Lipton, M. Urban Bias:Consequences, Class and Causality[J]. The Journal of Development Studies,1993,29, (4),229-258.
[40]Mourmouras, A. and P. Rangazas. Efficient Urban Bias[J]. Journal of Economic Geography, 2013,13, (3),451-471.
[41]Yang, D. T. Urban Biased Policies and Rising Income Inequality in China[J]. American Economic Review,1999,89 (2),306-310.
[42]Lu, M. and Z. Chen. Urbanization, Urban-Biased Policies, and Urban-Rural Inequality in China, 1987-2001 [J]. Chinese Economy,2006,39, (3),42-63.
[43]Gao, Y. Urban Bias, Rural-Urban Income Gap and Agricultural Growth:the Resource-Diverting Effect of Rural-Urban Income Gap in China[R]. Monash Economics Working Papers No.34-10, 2010.
[44]李祥云,陈建伟.我国财政农业支出的规模、结构与绩效评估[J].农业经济问题,2010,(8)20-25.
[45]刘建徽,张明,张芳芳,周志波.财政支出缩小城乡居民收入差距的效率研究[J].农业技术经济,2012,(9)52-59.
[46]莫亚琳,张志超.城市化进程、公共财政支出与社会收入分配[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2011,(3)79-89.
[47]雷根强,蔡翔.初次分配扭曲、财政支出城市偏向与城乡收入差距[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2012,(3)76-89.
[48]李实.中国个人收入分配研究回顾与展望[J].经济学(季刊),2003,(2)379-404.
[49]陆铭,陈钊.城市化、城市倾向的经济政策与城乡收入差距[J].经济研究,2004,(6)50-58.
[50]陈安平,杜金沛.中国的财政支出与城乡收入差距[j].统计研究,2010,(11)34-39.
[51]叶志强,陈习定,张顺明.金融发展能减少城乡收入差距吗?[J].金融研究,2011,(2)42-56.
[52]陈斌开,张鹏飞,杨汝岱.政府教育投入、人力资本投资与中国城乡收入差距[J].管理世界,2010,(1)36-43.
[53]Lin, J. Y. and B. Chen. Urbanization and Urban-Rural Inequality in China:A New Perspective from the Government's Development Strategy[J]. Frontiers of Economics in China,2011,6, (1), 1-21.
[54]陈斌开,林毅夫.发展战略、城市化与中国城乡收入差距[J].中国社会科学,2013,(4)81-102.
[55]Nee, V. A Theory of Market Transition:From Redistribution to Markets in State Socialism[J]. American Sociological Review,1989,54, (5),663-681.
[56]Walder, A. G. Property Rights and Stratification in Socialist Redistributive Economies[J]. American Sociological Review,1992,57, (4),524-539.
[57]Walder, A. G. and J. C. Oi. Property Rights in the Chinese Economy:Contours of the Process of Change[C]. In:J. C. Oi and A. G. Walder (eds.) Property Rights and Economic Reform in China, Stanford, CA:Stanford University Press,1999,1-24.
[58]边燕杰,吴晓刚,李路路.社会分层与流动：国外学者对中国研究的新进展[M].中国人民大学出版社,2008.
[59]Zhou, X. Economic Transformation and Income Inequality in Urban China:Evidence from Panel Data[J]. American Journal of Sociology,2000,105, (4),1135-1174.
[60]Parish, W. L. and E. Michelson. Politics and Markets:Dual Transformations[J]. American Journal of Sociology,1996,101,(4),1042-1059.
[61]Samuelson, P. and D. Wiiliam. Microeconomic (13th Edition)[M]. New York:McGraw-Hill, 1989.
[62]Mincer, J. Investment in Human Capital and Personal Income Distribution[J]. Journal of Political Economy,1958,66, (4),281-302.
[63]Schultz, T. W. Transforming Traditional Agriculture[M]. Yale University Press,1964.
[64]Becker, G. S. Human Capital:A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education[M]. Chicago:University Of Chicago Press,1993.
[65]Masson, P. R. Migration, Human Capital, and Poverty in a Dual-Economy of a Developing Country[R]. IMF Working Papers No.01/128,2001.
[66]温娇秀.我国城乡教育不平等与收入差距扩大的动态研究[J].当代经济科学,2007,(5)40-45.
[67]刘林平,张春泥.农民工工资：人力资本、社会资本、企业制度还是社会环境?——珠江三角洲农民工工资的决定模型[J].社会学研究,2007,(6)114-137.
[68]谢勇.农民工劳动权益影响因素的实证研究——以南京市为例[J].中国人口科学,2008,(4)68-73.
[69]邢春冰.农民工与城镇职工的收入差距[J].管理世界,2008,(5)55-64.
[70]郭凤鸣,张世伟.教育和户籍歧视对城镇工和农民工工资差异的影响[J].农业经济问题,2011,(6)35-42.
[71]刘林平,雍昕,舒玢玢.劳动权益的地区差异——基于对珠三角和长三角地区外来工的问卷调查[J].中国社会科学,2011,(2)107-123.
[72]王美艳.城市劳动力市场上的就业机会与工资差异——外来劳动力就业与报酬研究[J].中国社会科学,2005,(5)36-46.
[73]郭剑雄.人力资本、生育率与城乡收入差距的收敛[J].中国社会科学,2005,(3)27-37.
[74]陈钊,陆铭,金煜.中国人力资本和教育发展的区域差异：对于面板数据的估算[J].世界经济,2004,(12)25-31.
[75]万广华,陆铭,陈钊.全球化与地区间收入差距：来自中国的证据[J].中国社会科学,2005,(3)17-26.
[76]姚先国,张海峰.教育、人力资本与地区经济差异[J].经济研究,2008,(5)47-57.
[77]蔡防,都阳.中国地区经济增长的趋同与差异——对西部开发战略的启示[J].经济研究,2000,(10)30-37.
[78]邹薇,张芬.农村地区收入差异与人力资本积累[J].中国社会科学,2006,(2)67-79.
[79]Razin, A. and C. W. Yuen. Factor Mobility and Income Growth:Two Convergence Hypotheses[J]. Review of Development Economics,1997,1, (2),171-190.
[80]苏雪串.城市化与城乡收入差距[J].中央财经大学学报,2002,(3)42-45.
[81]曹裕,陈晓红,马跃如.城市化、城乡收入差距与经济增长——基于我国省级面板数据的实证研究[J].统计研究,2010,(3)29-36.
[82]程开明,李金昌.城市偏向、城市化与城乡收入差距的作用机制及动态分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2007,(7)116-125.
[83]阮杨,陆铭,陈钊.经济转型中的就业重构与收入分配[J].管理世界,2002,(11)51-57.
[84]Haisken-DeNew. J. P. and M. M. Michaelsen. Migration Magnet:The Role of Work Experience in Rural-Urban Wage Differentials in Mexico[R]. RUHR Economic Papers No.0263,2011.
[85]Tello, C., R. Ramos and M. Artis. Changes in Wage Structure in Mexico Going Beyond the Mean:An Analysis of Differences in Distribution,1987-2008[R]. IREA Working Papers No. 201224,2013.
[86]许经勇.农村市场化程度低是加剧城乡收入差距扩大的重要原因[J].经济纵横,2009,(9)83-85.
[87]Ang, J. B. Finance and Inequality:The Case of India[J]. Southern Economic Journal,2010,76, (3),738-761.
[88]Galor, O. and J. Zeira. Income Distribution and Macroeconomics[J]. Review of Economic Studies,1993,60,(1),35-52.
[89]Greenwood, J. and B. Jovanovic. Financial Development, Growth, and the Distribution of Income[J]. Journal of Political Economy,1990,98, (5),1076-1107.
[90]Townsend, R. M. and K. Ueda. Financial Deepening, Inequality, and Growth:A Model-Based Quantitative Evaluation[J]. The Review of Economic Studies,2006,73, (1),251-293.
[91]Jalilian, H. and C. Kirkpatrick. Financial Development and Poverty Reduction in Developing Countries[J]. International Journal of Finance & Economics,2002,7, (2),97-108.
[92]Iyigun, M. F. and A. L. Owen. Income Inequality, Financial Development, and Macroeconomic Fluctuations[J]. The Economic Journal,2004,114, (495),352-376.
[93]Clarke, G., L. C. Xu and H. F. Zou. Finance and Income Inequality:Test of Alternative Theories[J]. Annals of Economics and Finance,2013,14, (2),491-516.
[94]Beck, T., R. Levine and A. Levkov. Big Bad Banks? The Impact of U.S. Branch Deregulation on Income Distribution[R]. NBER Working Papers No.13299,2009.
[95]Mookerjee, R. and P. Kalipioni. Availability of Financial Services and Income Inequality:The Evidence from Many Countries[J]. Emerging Markets Review,2010,11, (4),404-408.
[96]Dollar, D. and A. Kraay. Growth is Good for the Poor[J]. Journal of Economic Growth,2002,7, (3),195-225.
[97]Barr, M. S. Microfinance and Financial Development[J]. Michigan Journal of International Law, 2005,26,271-296.
[98| Cagetti, M. and M. D. Nardi. Estate Taxation. Entrepreneurship, and Wealth[J]. American Economic Review,2009,99, (1),85-111.
[99]Chen, Y. P., M. Liu and Q. Zhang. Development of Financial Intermediation and the Dynamics of Urban-Rural Disparity in China,1978-1998[J]. Regional Studies,2010,44, (9),1171-1187.
[100]胡宗义,刘亦文.金融非均衡发展与城乡收入差距的库兹涅茨效应研究[J].统计研究,2010,(5)25-31.
[101]肖燕飞,刘寒波,吴金光.农村金融发展对收入分配的机制分析与实证研究[J].财经理论与实践,2011,(5)26-30.
[102]孙永强,万玉琳.金融发展、对外开放与城乡居民入差距——基于1978-2008年省际面板 数据的实证分析[J].金融研究,2011,(1)28-39.
[103]张宏彦,何清,余谦.中国农村金融发展对城乡收入差距影响的实证研究[J].中南财经政法大学学报,2013,(1)83-88.
[104]李志阳,刘振中.中国金融发展与城乡收入不平等：理论和经验解释[J].经济科学,2011,(6)10-18.
[105]王修华,邱兆祥.农村金融发展对城乡收入差距的影响机理与实证研究[J].经济学动态,2011,(2)71-75.
[106]张立军,湛泳.中国农村金融发展对城乡收入差距的影响——基于1978-2004年数据的检验[J].中央财经大学学报,2006,(5)34-39.
[107]杨俊,李晓羽,张宗益.中国金融发展水平与居民收入分配的实证分析[J].经济科学,2006,(2)23-33.
[108]姚耀军.金融发展与城乡收入差距关系的经验分析[J].财经研究,2005,(2)49-59.
[109]陈志刚,王皖君.金融发展与中国的收入分配：1986-2005[J].财贸经济,2009,(5)36-41.
[110]乔海曙,陈力.金融发展与城乡收入差距“倒U型”关系再验证[J].中国农村经济,2009,(7)68-85.
[111]李萍,张道宏.金融发展与地区经济差距[J].统计研究,2004,(12)18-22.
[112]尹希果,陈刚,潘杨,付翔.我国金融发展与地区经济收敛[J].当代经济科学,2005,(5)18-25.
[113]曾康霖.二元金融与区域金融[M].北京：中国金融出版社,2009.
[114]孙君,张前程.中国城乡金融不平衡发展与城乡收入差距的经验分析[J].世界经济文汇,2012,(3)108-120.
[115]孙永强.金融发展、城市化与城乡居民收入差距研究[J].金融研究,2012,(4)98-109.
[116]Sacks, D. W., B. Stevenson and J. Wolfers. Subjective Well-Being, Income, Economic Development and Growth[R]. NBER Working Paper No.16441,2010.
[117]Bj(?)rnskov, C., A. Dreher, J. A. V. Fischer and J. Schnellenbach. On the Relation between Income Inequality and Happiness:Do Fairness Perceptions Matter?[R]. University of Heidelberg, Department of Economics Working Papers No.0495,2010
[118]Distante, R. Subjective Well-Being, Income and Relative Concerns in the UK[J]. Social Indicators Research,2013,113, (1),81-105.
[119]罗楚亮.绝对收入、相对收入与主观幸福感——来自中国城乡住户调查数据的经验分析[J].财经研究,2009,(11)79-91.
[120]项俊波.结构经济学——从结构视角看中国经济[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2009.
[121]杜辉.我国居民财产性收入动态演化：结构与差距研究[D].西南财经大学博士学位论文,2011.
[122]Taylor, L. Structuralist Economics:Challenge to the Mainstream [J]. Challenge,2004,47, (5), 104-115.
[123]马颖.爱尔玛·阿德尔曼的结构主义收入分配理论述评[J].经济评论,2004,(6)58-61.
[124]Mosley, P. and B. Ingham. Fighting Discrimination:W. Arthur Lewis and the Dual Economy of Manchester in the 1950s[R]. Sheffield Economic Research Paper Series No.2013006,2013.
[125]万广华.城镇化与不均等：分析方法和中国案例[J].经济研究,2013,(5)73-86.
[126]许召元,李善同.区域间劳动力迁移对地区差距的影响[J].经济学(季刊),2009,(1)53-76.
[127]孙华臣.城镇化进程中的城乡收入差距演变及其对经济增长的门限效应[D].山东大学博十学位论文,2012.
[128]Sundrum, R. M. Income Distribution in Less Developed Countries[M]. London and New York: Routledge,1990,50.
[129]Hoff, K. and J. E. Stiglitz. Imperfect Information and Rural Credit Markets--Puzzles and Policy Perspectives[J]. World Bank Economic Review,1990,4, (3),235-250.
[130]刘纯彬,桑铁柱.农村金融发展与农村收入分配：理论与证据[J].上海经济研究,2010,(12)37-46.
[131]Holmstrom, B. and J. Tirole. Financial Intermediation, Loanable Funds, and the Real Sector[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1997,112, (3),663-691.
[132]谢家智,王文涛.金融发展的经济增长效率及其分布特征[J].中国经济问题,2013,(1)72-80.
[133]谢家智,王文涛.金融发展的经济增长效率：影响因素与传递机理[J].财贸经济,2013,(7)59-67.
[134]Galor, O. and O. Moav. From Physical to Human Capital Accumulation:Inequality and the Process of Development[J]. The Review of Economic Studies,2004,71, (4),1001-1026.
[135]Yashin, P. Analitical Derivation of the Cobb-Douglas Function Based on the Golden Rule of Capital Accumulation[R]. MPRA Paper No.12174,2008.
[136]孙宁华,堵溢,洪永淼.劳动力市场扭曲、效率差异与城乡收入差距[J].管理世界,2009,(9)44-52.
[137]樊纲,王小鲁,朱恒鹏.中国市场化指数——各地区市场化相对进程2011年报告[M].经济科学出版社,2011.
[138]陈晓枫.中国居民财产性收入理论与实践研究[D].福建师范大学博士学位论文,2009.
[139]陈宗胜,周云波.非法非正常收入对居民收入差别的影响及其经济学解释[J].经济研究,2001,(4)14-23.
[140]安体富,蒋震.影响我国收入分配不公平的若干产权制度问题研究[J].财贸经济,2012,(4)14-23.
[141]邓伟.国有经济、政治均衡与行业间的工资差距[J].财贸经济,2013,(7)105-114.
[142]Lopez-Rodriguez, D. The Scope of Political Redistribution with Proportional Income TaxationfR]. MPRA Paper No.44150,2012.
[143]Ito, T., K. Kubota and F. Ohtake. Noblesse Oblige? Preferences for Income Redistribution among Urban Residents in India[R]. IDEC DP2 Series No.1-8,2013.
[144]Eastwood, R. and M. Lipton. Rural and Urban Income Inequality and Poverty:Does Convergence between Sectors Offset Divergence within Them?[C]. In:G. A. Cornia (ed.) Inequality Growth and Poverty in an Era of Liberalization and Globalization, Oxford University Press,2004.
[145]李尚蒲,罗必良.城乡收入差距与城市化战略选择[J].农业经济问题,2012,(8)37-42.
[146]迟巍,蔡许许.城市居民财产性收入与贫富差距的实证分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2012,(2)100-112.
[147]Gravier-Rymaszewska, J., J. Tyrowicz and J. Kochanowicz. Intra-Provincial Inequalities and Economic Growth in China[J]. Economic Systems,2010,34, (3),237-258.
[148]刘中杰.论我国农村融资担保法律制度的改革与创新[J].农业经济问题,2013,(1)27-33.
[149]宋立.我国货币政策信贷传导渠道存在的问题及其解决思路[J].管理世界,2002,(2)29-38.
[150]许国新.我国金融业发展对城乡收入差距的影响：理论与实证[D].西南财经大学博士学位论文,2010.
[151]Roodman, D. and J. Morduch. The Impact of Microcredit on the Poor in Bangladesh:Revisiting the Evidence[R]. Center for Global Development Working Papers No.174,2009.
[152]Montgomery, H. and J. Weiss. Can Commercially-oriented Microfinance Help Meet the Millennium Development Goals? Evidence from Pakistan[J]. World Development,2011,39, (1), 87-109.
[153]Islam, A. and P. Maitra. Health Shocks and Consumption Smoothing in Rural Households: Does Microcredit Have a Role to Play?[J]. Journal of Development Economics,2012,97, (2), 232-243.
[154]张正平,郭永春.小额信贷机构目标偏离影响因素实证研究——基于固定效应模型的检验与比较[J].财贸经济,2013,(7)48-58.
[155]李永平,胡金焱.我国农村各类金融机构的交易费用比较——基于山东省的调查分析[J].财贸经济,2013,(7)38-47.
[156]谷慎,李成.金融制度缺陷：我国农村金融效率低下的根源[J].财经科学,2006,(9)98-102.
[157]Huang, J., S. Rozelle and H. Wang. Fostering or Stripping Rural China:Modernizing Agriculture and Rural to Urban Capital Flows[J]. The Developing Economies,2006,44, (1), 1-26.
[158]蔡防,王美艳.为什么劳动力流动没有缩小城乡收入差距[J].经济学动态,2009,(8)4-10.
[159]章元,王昊.城市劳动力市场上的户籍歧视与地域歧视：基于人口普查数据的研究[J].管理世界,2011,(7)42-51.
[160]谢桂华.中国流动人口的人力资本回报与社会融合[J].中国社会科学,2012,(4)103-124.
[161]Demurger, S., M. Gurgand, S. Li and X. Yue. Migrants As Second-class Workers in Urban China? A Decomposition Analysis[J]. Journal of Comparative Economics,2009,37, (4), 610-628.
[162]李培林,李炜.近年来农民工的经济状况和社会态度[J].中国社会科学,2010,(1)119-131.
[163]朱宏飞,郑浩.中国城镇劳动力市场上的地域工资差距——以上海为例[J].财贸经济,2013,(7)115-125.
[164]苏华,陈伟华,陈文俊.要素生产率和要素配置作用下的中国城乡收入差距[J].经济地理,2012,(4)44-49.
[165]胡宗义,李鹏.农村正规与非正规金融对城乡收入差距影响的空间计量分析[J].当代经济科学,2013,(2)71-78.
[166]周世军,周勤.政策偏向、收入偏移与中国城乡收入差距扩大[J].财贸经济,2011,(7)29-37.
[167]杨继生.通胀预期、流动性过剩与中国通货膨胀的动态性质[J].经济研究,2009,(1)106-117.
[168]Lind, D., Marchal, W. and Wathen, S. Statistical Techniques in Business & Economics[M]. MaGraw-Hill, Irwin,2002.
[169]Zhang, T. L. and J. Y. Cai. Security of Land Rights in Rural China:Facts and Trends[J]. Agricultural Science & Technology-Hunan,2012,13, (3),678-681.
[170]张义博,刘文忻.人口流动、财政支出结构与城乡收入差距[J].中国农村经济,2012,(1)16-30.
[171]Su, L. and A. Ullah. More Efficient Estimation of Nonparametric Panel Data Models with Random Effects[J]. Economics Letters,2007,96, (3),375-380.
[172]Henderson, D. J., R. J. Carroll and Q. Li. Nonparametric Estimation and Testing of Fixed Effects Panel Data Models[J]. Journal of Econometrics,2008,144, (1),257-275.
[173]Nguyen-Van, P. Energy Consumption and Income:A Semiparametric Panel Data Analysis[J]. Energy Economics,2010,32, (3),557-563.
[174]Allen, D. E., M. McAleer, R. Powell and A. K. Singh. A Non-parametric and Entropy Based Analysis of the Relationship between the VIX and S&P 500[R]. Edith Cowan University, School of Accounting Finance & Economics Working Papers No.2013-01,2013.
[175]Henningsen, G., A. Henningsen and C. H. C. A. Henning. Measuring the Influence of Networks on Transaction Costs Using a Non-parametric Regression Technique[R]. IFRO Working Paper No.2013/11,2013.
[176]刘华军,鲍振,杨骞.中国农业碳排放的地区差距及其分布动态演进——基于Dagum基尼系数分解与非参数估计方法的实证研究[J].农业技术经济,2013,(3)72-81.
[177]胡宗义,刘亦文,唐李伟.低碳经济背景下碳排放的库兹涅茨曲线研究[J].统计研究,2013,(2)73-79.
[178]段景辉,陈建宝.城乡收入差距影响因素的非参数逐点回归解析[J].财经研究,2011,(1)101-111.
[179]刘江会,唐尔波.财产性收入差距、市场化程度与经济增长的关系——基于城乡间的比较分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2010,(4)20-33.
[180]Anghelache, C., G. V. Anghelache, L. Begu and G. Bardasu. Non-parametrical Estimation of the Regression Used in Economic Analyses[J]. Romanian Statistical Review Supplement,2013, 61,(1),38-43.
[181]李启航,陈国富.法律制度对财产性收入影响作用的城乡差异——基于布罗代尔钟罩的法经济学思考[J].财经研究,2013,(3)99-111.
[182]Strahan, P. E. and J. P. Weston. Small Business Lending and the Changing Structure of the Banking Industry[J].Journal of Banking & Finance,1998,22, (6-8),821-845.
[183]蔡昉.刘易斯转折点——中国经济发展新阶段[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2008.
② 据测算,1978-2009年间,城乡收入差距可以解释居民消费率下降幅度的42.8%(程磊,2011)[6]。
① 资料来源于《中国统计年鉴》(2012)。
② 资料来源于《中国统计年鉴》(2012)。
① 资料来源于《中国经济周刊》(2011年第37期)《今年城乡收入差距会缩小吗5?》：http://paper.people.com.cn/zgijzk/html/2011-09/19/content_929736.htm?div=-1。
① 资料来源于《国家标准频道》(2013-7-18)：http://www.chinagb.org/Article-260523.html.
② 中央农村T作领导小组副组长、办公室主任陈锡文在解读城乡收入差距的数据时进一步指出,由十城乡居民收入的统计口径不同,城镇居民是可支配收入,农民是纯收入,如果都按可支配收入同一口径统计,城乡收入差距还要大些。资料来源于《新华网》(2013-7-16)《中国城乡收入差距收窄“质变”尚待观察》：http://news.xinhuanet.com/finance/2013-07/16/c_116563602.htm。
① 资料来源于《中国统计年鉴》(2012)。
① 资料来源于《新华网》(2013-7-18)《新闻分析：解析上半年中国农民收入构成》http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2013-07/18/c_116597684.htm.
① 也有文献将其称为第i项收入来源的“集中率”。具体可以参照迟巍和蔡许许(2012)[146]。
① 资料来源于《中国金融稳定报告》(2013)。
② 截至2012年末,全国范围共有农村信用社1927家、农村商业银行337家、农村合作银行147家、村镇银行876家(其中,开业的有800家,筹建的有76家)。资料来源十《中国金融稳定报告》(2013)。
③ 农村(县及县以下)贷款包括金融机构发放给注册地位于县及县以下的企业及各类组织的所有贷款和农户贷款。
④ 资料来源于《中国金融稳定报告》(2013)。
① 出于防范金融风险的目的,1998年以来商业银行普遍实行抵押担保制度,到2000年全国范围内金融机构的抵押贷款占比达到近60%(赵群,2004)。
① 资料来源于《2012年全国农民工监测调查报告》。
① 据国家人口计生委发布的《中国流动人口发展报告》(2012)中披露的数据,流动人口平均每周工作54.6个小时,远远超过了劳动法规定的每周40个小时的工作时间。
① 资料来源于《京华时报》(2013-2-27第003版)《户籍带来60多种城乡不平等福利》：http://epaper.jinghua.cn/html/2013-02/27/content_1970866.htm。
② 资料、来源于《国家行政学院学报》(2013年第3期)《从“他者”到“群我”：农民工随迁子女学校融入问题研究》：http://theory.people.com.cn/n/2013/0730/c217905-22382188.html。
[1]Chen, J., D. Dai, M. Pu, W. Hou and Q. Feng. The Trend of the Gini Coefficient of China[R]. Brooks World Poverty Institute Working Paper Series No.10910,2010.
[2]韩其恒,李俊青.二元经济下的中国城乡收入差距的动态演化研究[J].金融研究,2011,(8)15-30.
[3]Gustafsson, B., S. Li, T. Sicular and X. Yue. Income Inequality and Spatial Differences in China, 1988,1995, and 2002[C]. In:Gustafsson et al. (eds.) Inequality and Public Policy in China, Cambridge University Press,2008.
[4]Li, S. and C. Luo. Re-Estimating the Income Gap between Urban and Rural Households in China[J]. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences,2010,2,7151-7163.
[5]Sutherland, D. and S. Yao. Income Inequality in China over 30 Years of Reforms[J]. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society,2011,4, (1),91-105.
[6]程磊.收入差距扩大与中国内需不足：理论机制与实证检验[J].经济科学,2011,(1)11-24.
[7]彭森.关于稳价安民几个重大关系的思考[J].求是,2012,(8)25-27.
[8]Kuijs, L. and T. Wang. China's Pattern of Growth:Moving to Sustainability and Reducing Inequality[J]. China & World Economy,2006,14,(1),1-14.
[9]高帆.中国居民收入差距变动的因素分解：趋势及解释[J].经济科学,2012,(3)5-17.
[10]万广华,朱翠萍.中国城市化面临的问题与思考：文献综述[J].世界经济文汇,2010,(6)106-116.
|11] Lu, D. China's Regional Income Disparity[J]. Economics of Transition,2008,16, (1),31-58.
[12]钟宁桦.农村工业化还能走多远?[J].经济研究,2011,(1)18-27.
[13]匡远配.我国城乡居民收入差距：基于要素收入流的一个解释[J].农业经济问题,2013,(2)76-84.
[14]谢家智,周振.关于开发性金融发展定位的思考[J].金融教学与研究,2006,(6)16-18.
[15]简泽,干春晖,余典范.银行部门的市场化、信贷配置与工业重构[J].经济研究,2013,(5)112-127.
[16]尹希果,陈刚,程世骑.中国金融发展与城乡收入差距关系的再检验——基于面板单位根和VAR模型的估计[J].当代经济科学,2007,(1)15-24.
[17]马少晔.基于劳动力流动视角的城乡收入差距及影响因素再检验[D].南京农业大学博士学位论文,2011.
[18]许月丽,张忠根.农村正规金融发展与经济二元转型：促进抑或抑制?[J].财经研究,2013,(4)4-15.
[19]江源,谢家智.我国城乡二元金融结构形成机制的区域差异——基于变截距模型的影响因素研究[J].财经研究,2013,(7)72-81.
[20]Kaldor, N. Alternative Theories of Distribution[J]. The Review of Economic Studies.1956,23, (2),83-100.
[21]Robinson, J. The Accumulation of Capital[M]. London:MacMillan,1956.
[22]Pasinetti, L. L. The Rate of Profit and Income Distribution in Relation to the Rate of Economic Growth[J]. The Review of Economic Studies,1962,29, (4),267-279.
[23]Krueger, A. O., M. Schiff and A. Valdes. The political Economy of Agricultural Pricing Policy[M]. The Johns Hopkins University Press,1991.
[24]Shleifer, A. and R. W. Vishny. Corruption[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1993,108, (3), 599-617.
[25]Shleifer, A. and R. W. Vishny. Politicians and Firms[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1994, 109, (4),995-1025.
[26]Shleifer, A. and R. W. Vishny. The Grabbing Hand:Government Pathologies and Their Cures[M]. Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press,1998.
[27]Acemoglu, D. A Simple Model of Inefficient Institutions[J]. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics,2006,108, (4),515-546.
[28]Gerschenkron, A. Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective[M]. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press,1962.
[29]Lal, D. The Poverty of Development Economics[M]. Cambridge MA:Harvard University Press, 1985.
[30]Lin, J. Y. Economic Development and Transition:Thought, Strategy, and Viability[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2009.
[31]林毅夫,蔡昉,李周.中国的奇迹：发展战略与经济改革(增订版)[M].上海：上海三联书店、上海人民出版社,2002.
[32]Kanbur, R. and X. Zhang. Fifty Years of Regional Inequality in China:a Journey Through Central Planning, Reform, and Openness[J]. Review of Development Economics,2005,9, (1), 87-106.
[33]Lipton, M. Why Poor People Stay Poor:Urban Bias in World Development[M]. Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press,1977.
[34]Bates, R. Markets and States in Tropical Africa[J]. University of California Press,1981.
[35]Laffont, J. J. and Y. Qian. The Dynamics of Reform and Development in China:A Political Economy Perspective[J]. European Economic Review,1999,43, (4-6),1105-1114.
[36]Roland, G. The Political Economy of Transition[J]. The Journal of Economic Perspective,2002, 16,(1),29-50.
[37]Majumdar, S., A. Mani and S. W. Mukand. Politics, Information and the Urban Bias[J]. Journal of Development Economics,2004,75, (1),137-165.
[38]蔡昉,杨涛.城乡收入差距的政治经济学[J].中国社会科学,2000,(4)11-22.
[39]Lipton, M. Urban Bias:Consequences, Class and Causality[J]. The Journal of Development Studies,1993,29, (4),229-258.
[40]Mourmouras, A. and P. Rangazas. Efficient Urban Bias[J]. Journal of Economic Geography, 2013,13, (3),451-471.
[41]Yang, D. T. Urban Biased Policies and Rising Income Inequality in China[J]. American Economic Review,1999,89 (2),306-310.
[42]Lu, M. and Z. Chen. Urbanization, Urban-Biased Policies, and Urban-Rural Inequality in China, 1987-2001 [J]. Chinese Economy,2006,39, (3),42-63.
[43]Gao, Y. Urban Bias, Rural-Urban Income Gap and Agricultural Growth:the Resource-Diverting Effect of Rural-Urban Income Gap in China[R]. Monash Economics Working Papers No.34-10, 2010.
[44]李祥云,陈建伟.我国财政农业支出的规模、结构与绩效评估[J].农业经济问题,2010,(8)20-25.
[45]刘建徽,张明,张芳芳,周志波.财政支出缩小城乡居民收入差距的效率研究[J].农业技术经济,2012,(9)52-59.
[46]莫亚琳,张志超.城市化进程、公共财政支出与社会收入分配[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2011,(3)79-89.
[47]雷根强,蔡翔.初次分配扭曲、财政支出城市偏向与城乡收入差距[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2012,(3)76-89.
[48]李实.中国个人收入分配研究回顾与展望[J].经济学(季刊),2003,(2)379-404.
[49]陆铭,陈钊.城市化、城市倾向的经济政策与城乡收入差距[J].经济研究,2004,(6)50-58.
[50]陈安平,杜金沛.中国的财政支出与城乡收入差距[j].统计研究,2010,(11)34-39.
[51]叶志强,陈习定,张顺明.金融发展能减少城乡收入差距吗?[J].金融研究,2011,(2)42-56.
[52]陈斌开,张鹏飞,杨汝岱.政府教育投入、人力资本投资与中国城乡收入差距[J].管理世界,2010,(1)36-43.
[53]Lin, J. Y. and B. Chen. Urbanization and Urban-Rural Inequality in China:A New Perspective from the Government's Development Strategy[J]. Frontiers of Economics in China,2011,6, (1), 1-21.
[54]陈斌开,林毅夫.发展战略、城市化与中国城乡收入差距[J].中国社会科学,2013,(4)81-102.
[55]Nee, V. A Theory of Market Transition:From Redistribution to Markets in State Socialism[J]. American Sociological Review,1989,54, (5),663-681.
[56]Walder, A. G. Property Rights and Stratification in Socialist Redistributive Economies[J]. American Sociological Review,1992,57, (4),524-539.
[57]Walder, A. G. and J. C. Oi. Property Rights in the Chinese Economy:Contours of the Process of Change[C]. In:J. C. Oi and A. G. Walder (eds.) Property Rights and Economic Reform in China, Stanford, CA:Stanford University Press,1999,1-24.
[58]边燕杰,吴晓刚,李路路.社会分层与流动：国外学者对中国研究的新进展[M].中国人民大学出版社,2008.
[59]Zhou, X. Economic Transformation and Income Inequality in Urban China:Evidence from Panel Data[J]. American Journal of Sociology,2000,105, (4),1135-1174.
[60]Parish, W. L. and E. Michelson. Politics and Markets:Dual Transformations[J]. American Journal of Sociology,1996,101,(4),1042-1059.
[61]Samuelson, P. and D. Wiiliam. Microeconomic (13th Edition)[M]. New York:McGraw-Hill, 1989.
[62]Mincer, J. Investment in Human Capital and Personal Income Distribution[J]. Journal of Political Economy,1958,66, (4),281-302.
[63]Schultz, T. W. Transforming Traditional Agriculture[M]. Yale University Press,1964.
[64]Becker, G. S. Human Capital:A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education[M]. Chicago:University Of Chicago Press,1993.
[65]Masson, P. R. Migration, Human Capital, and Poverty in a Dual-Economy of a Developing Country[R]. IMF Working Papers No.01/128,2001.
[66]温娇秀.我国城乡教育不平等与收入差距扩大的动态研究[J].当代经济科学,2007,(5)40-45.
[67]刘林平,张春泥.农民工工资：人力资本、社会资本、企业制度还是社会环境?——珠江三角洲农民工工资的决定模型[J].社会学研究,2007,(6)114-137.
[68]谢勇.农民工劳动权益影响因素的实证研究——以南京市为例[J].中国人口科学,2008,(4)68-73.
[69]邢春冰.农民工与城镇职工的收入差距[J].管理世界,2008,(5)55-64.
[70]郭凤鸣,张世伟.教育和户籍歧视对城镇工和农民工工资差异的影响[J].农业经济问题,2011,(6)35-42.
[71]刘林平,雍昕,舒玢玢.劳动权益的地区差异——基于对珠三角和长三角地区外来工的问卷调查[J].中国社会科学,2011,(2)107-123.
[72]王美艳.城市劳动力市场上的就业机会与工资差异——外来劳动力就业与报酬研究[J].中国社会科学,2005,(5)36-46.
[73]郭剑雄.人力资本、生育率与城乡收入差距的收敛[J].中国社会科学,2005,(3)27-37.
[74]陈钊,陆铭,金煜.中国人力资本和教育发展的区域差异：对于面板数据的估算[J].世界经济,2004,(12)25-31.
[75]万广华,陆铭,陈钊.全球化与地区间收入差距：来自中国的证据[J].中国社会科学,2005,(3)17-26.
[76]姚先国,张海峰.教育、人力资本与地区经济差异[J].经济研究,2008,(5)47-57.
[77]蔡防,都阳.中国地区经济增长的趋同与差异——对西部开发战略的启示[J].经济研究,2000,(10)30-37.
[78]邹薇,张芬.农村地区收入差异与人力资本积累[J].中国社会科学,2006,(2)67-79.
[79]Razin, A. and C. W. Yuen. Factor Mobility and Income Growth:Two Convergence Hypotheses[J]. Review of Development Economics,1997,1, (2),171-190.
[80]苏雪串.城市化与城乡收入差距[J].中央财经大学学报,2002,(3)42-45.
[81]曹裕,陈晓红,马跃如.城市化、城乡收入差距与经济增长——基于我国省级面板数据的实证研究[J].统计研究,2010,(3)29-36.
[82]程开明,李金昌.城市偏向、城市化与城乡收入差距的作用机制及动态分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2007,(7)116-125.
[83]阮杨,陆铭,陈钊.经济转型中的就业重构与收入分配[J].管理世界,2002,(11)51-57.
[84]Haisken-DeNew. J. P. and M. M. Michaelsen. Migration Magnet:The Role of Work Experience in Rural-Urban Wage Differentials in Mexico[R]. RUHR Economic Papers No.0263,2011.
[85]Tello, C., R. Ramos and M. Artis. Changes in Wage Structure in Mexico Going Beyond the Mean:An Analysis of Differences in Distribution,1987-2008[R]. IREA Working Papers No. 201224,2013.
[86]许经勇.农村市场化程度低是加剧城乡收入差距扩大的重要原因[J].经济纵横,2009,(9)83-85.
[87]Ang, J. B. Finance and Inequality:The Case of India[J]. Southern Economic Journal,2010,76, (3),738-761.
[88]Galor, O. and J. Zeira. Income Distribution and Macroeconomics[J]. Review of Economic Studies,1993,60,(1),35-52.
[89]Greenwood, J. and B. Jovanovic. Financial Development, Growth, and the Distribution of Income[J]. Journal of Political Economy,1990,98, (5),1076-1107.
[90]Townsend, R. M. and K. Ueda. Financial Deepening, Inequality, and Growth:A Model-Based Quantitative Evaluation[J]. The Review of Economic Studies,2006,73, (1),251-293.
[91]Jalilian, H. and C. Kirkpatrick. Financial Development and Poverty Reduction in Developing Countries[J]. International Journal of Finance & Economics,2002,7, (2),97-108.
[92]Iyigun, M. F. and A. L. Owen. Income Inequality, Financial Development, and Macroeconomic Fluctuations[J]. The Economic Journal,2004,114, (495),352-376.
[93]Clarke, G., L. C. Xu and H. F. Zou. Finance and Income Inequality:Test of Alternative Theories[J]. Annals of Economics and Finance,2013,14, (2),491-516.
[94]Beck, T., R. Levine and A. Levkov. Big Bad Banks? The Impact of U.S. Branch Deregulation on Income Distribution[R]. NBER Working Papers No.13299,2009.
[95]Mookerjee, R. and P. Kalipioni. Availability of Financial Services and Income Inequality:The Evidence from Many Countries[J]. Emerging Markets Review,2010,11, (4),404-408.
[96]Dollar, D. and A. Kraay. Growth is Good for the Poor[J]. Journal of Economic Growth,2002,7, (3),195-225.
[97]Barr, M. S. Microfinance and Financial Development[J]. Michigan Journal of International Law, 2005,26,271-296.
[98| Cagetti, M. and M. D. Nardi. Estate Taxation. Entrepreneurship, and Wealth[J]. American Economic Review,2009,99, (1),85-111.
[99]Chen, Y. P., M. Liu and Q. Zhang. Development of Financial Intermediation and the Dynamics of Urban-Rural Disparity in China,1978-1998[J]. Regional Studies,2010,44, (9),1171-1187.
[100]胡宗义,刘亦文.金融非均衡发展与城乡收入差距的库兹涅茨效应研究[J].统计研究,2010,(5)25-31.
[101]肖燕飞,刘寒波,吴金光.农村金融发展对收入分配的机制分析与实证研究[J].财经理论与实践,2011,(5)26-30.
[102]孙永强,万玉琳.金融发展、对外开放与城乡居民入差距——基于1978-2008年省际面板 数据的实证分析[J].金融研究,2011,(1)28-39.
[103]张宏彦,何清,余谦.中国农村金融发展对城乡收入差距影响的实证研究[J].中南财经政法大学学报,2013,(1)83-88.
[104]李志阳,刘振中.中国金融发展与城乡收入不平等：理论和经验解释[J].经济科学,2011,(6)10-18.
[105]王修华,邱兆祥.农村金融发展对城乡收入差距的影响机理与实证研究[J].经济学动态,2011,(2)71-75.
[106]张立军,湛泳.中国农村金融发展对城乡收入差距的影响——基于1978-2004年数据的检验[J].中央财经大学学报,2006,(5)34-39.
[107]杨俊,李晓羽,张宗益.中国金融发展水平与居民收入分配的实证分析[J].经济科学,2006,(2)23-33.
[108]姚耀军.金融发展与城乡收入差距关系的经验分析[J].财经研究,2005,(2)49-59.
[109]陈志刚,王皖君.金融发展与中国的收入分配：1986-2005[J].财贸经济,2009,(5)36-41.
[110]乔海曙,陈力.金融发展与城乡收入差距“倒U型”关系再验证[J].中国农村经济,2009,(7)68-85.
[111]李萍,张道宏.金融发展与地区经济差距[J].统计研究,2004,(12)18-22.
[112]尹希果,陈刚,潘杨,付翔.我国金融发展与地区经济收敛[J].当代经济科学,2005,(5)18-25.
[113]曾康霖.二元金融与区域金融[M].北京：中国金融出版社,2009.
[114]孙君,张前程.中国城乡金融不平衡发展与城乡收入差距的经验分析[J].世界经济文汇,2012,(3)108-120.
[115]孙永强.金融发展、城市化与城乡居民收入差距研究[J].金融研究,2012,(4)98-109.
[116]Sacks, D. W., B. Stevenson and J. Wolfers. Subjective Well-Being, Income, Economic Development and Growth[R]. NBER Working Paper No.16441,2010.
[117]Bj(?)rnskov, C., A. Dreher, J. A. V. Fischer and J. Schnellenbach. On the Relation between Income Inequality and Happiness:Do Fairness Perceptions Matter?[R]. University of Heidelberg, Department of Economics Working Papers No.0495,2010
[118]Distante, R. Subjective Well-Being, Income and Relative Concerns in the UK[J]. Social Indicators Research,2013,113, (1),81-105.
[119]罗楚亮.绝对收入、相对收入与主观幸福感——来自中国城乡住户调查数据的经验分析[J].财经研究,2009,(11)79-91.
[120]项俊波.结构经济学——从结构视角看中国经济[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2009.
[121]杜辉.我国居民财产性收入动态演化：结构与差距研究[D].西南财经大学博士学位论文,2011.
[122]Taylor, L. Structuralist Economics:Challenge to the Mainstream [J]. Challenge,2004,47, (5), 104-115.
[123]马颖.爱尔玛·阿德尔曼的结构主义收入分配理论述评[J].经济评论,2004,(6)58-61.
[124]Mosley, P. and B. Ingham. Fighting Discrimination:W. Arthur Lewis and the Dual Economy of Manchester in the 1950s[R]. Sheffield Economic Research Paper Series No.2013006,2013.
[125]万广华.城镇化与不均等：分析方法和中国案例[J].经济研究,2013,(5)73-86.
[126]许召元,李善同.区域间劳动力迁移对地区差距的影响[J].经济学(季刊),2009,(1)53-76.
[127]孙华臣.城镇化进程中的城乡收入差距演变及其对经济增长的门限效应[D].山东大学博十学位论文,2012.
[128]Sundrum, R. M. Income Distribution in Less Developed Countries[M]. London and New York: Routledge,1990,50.
[129]Hoff, K. and J. E. Stiglitz. Imperfect Information and Rural Credit Markets--Puzzles and Policy Perspectives[J]. World Bank Economic Review,1990,4, (3),235-250.
[130]刘纯彬,桑铁柱.农村金融发展与农村收入分配：理论与证据[J].上海经济研究,2010,(12)37-46.
[131]Holmstrom, B. and J. Tirole. Financial Intermediation, Loanable Funds, and the Real Sector[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1997,112, (3),663-691.
[132]谢家智,王文涛.金融发展的经济增长效率及其分布特征[J].中国经济问题,2013,(1)72-80.
[133]谢家智,王文涛.金融发展的经济增长效率：影响因素与传递机理[J].财贸经济,2013,(7)59-67.
[134]Galor, O. and O. Moav. From Physical to Human Capital Accumulation:Inequality and the Process of Development[J]. The Review of Economic Studies,2004,71, (4),1001-1026.
[135]Yashin, P. Analitical Derivation of the Cobb-Douglas Function Based on the Golden Rule of Capital Accumulation[R]. MPRA Paper No.12174,2008.
[136]孙宁华,堵溢,洪永淼.劳动力市场扭曲、效率差异与城乡收入差距[J].管理世界,2009,(9)44-52.
[137]樊纲,王小鲁,朱恒鹏.中国市场化指数——各地区市场化相对进程2011年报告[M].经济科学出版社,2011.
[138]陈晓枫.中国居民财产性收入理论与实践研究[D].福建师范大学博士学位论文,2009.
[139]陈宗胜,周云波.非法非正常收入对居民收入差别的影响及其经济学解释[J].经济研究,2001,(4)14-23.
[140]安体富,蒋震.影响我国收入分配不公平的若干产权制度问题研究[J].财贸经济,2012,(4)14-23.
[141]邓伟.国有经济、政治均衡与行业间的工资差距[J].财贸经济,2013,(7)105-114.
[142]Lopez-Rodriguez, D. The Scope of Political Redistribution with Proportional Income TaxationfR]. MPRA Paper No.44150,2012.
[143]Ito, T., K. Kubota and F. Ohtake. Noblesse Oblige? Preferences for Income Redistribution among Urban Residents in India[R]. IDEC DP2 Series No.1-8,2013.
[144]Eastwood, R. and M. Lipton. Rural and Urban Income Inequality and Poverty:Does Convergence between Sectors Offset Divergence within Them?[C]. In:G. A. Cornia (ed.) Inequality Growth and Poverty in an Era of Liberalization and Globalization, Oxford University Press,2004.
[145]李尚蒲,罗必良.城乡收入差距与城市化战略选择[J].农业经济问题,2012,(8)37-42.
[146]迟巍,蔡许许.城市居民财产性收入与贫富差距的实证分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2012,(2)100-112.
[147]Gravier-Rymaszewska, J., J. Tyrowicz and J. Kochanowicz. Intra-Provincial Inequalities and Economic Growth in China[J]. Economic Systems,2010,34, (3),237-258.
[148]刘中杰.论我国农村融资担保法律制度的改革与创新[J].农业经济问题,2013,(1)27-33.
[149]宋立.我国货币政策信贷传导渠道存在的问题及其解决思路[J].管理世界,2002,(2)29-38.
[150]许国新.我国金融业发展对城乡收入差距的影响：理论与实证[D].西南财经大学博士学位论文,2010.
[151]Roodman, D. and J. Morduch. The Impact of Microcredit on the Poor in Bangladesh:Revisiting the Evidence[R]. Center for Global Development Working Papers No.174,2009.
[152]Montgomery, H. and J. Weiss. Can Commercially-oriented Microfinance Help Meet the Millennium Development Goals? Evidence from Pakistan[J]. World Development,2011,39, (1), 87-109.
[153]Islam, A. and P. Maitra. Health Shocks and Consumption Smoothing in Rural Households: Does Microcredit Have a Role to Play?[J]. Journal of Development Economics,2012,97, (2), 232-243.
[154]张正平,郭永春.小额信贷机构目标偏离影响因素实证研究——基于固定效应模型的检验与比较[J].财贸经济,2013,(7)48-58.
[155]李永平,胡金焱.我国农村各类金融机构的交易费用比较——基于山东省的调查分析[J].财贸经济,2013,(7)38-47.
[156]谷慎,李成.金融制度缺陷：我国农村金融效率低下的根源[J].财经科学,2006,(9)98-102.
[157]Huang, J., S. Rozelle and H. Wang. Fostering or Stripping Rural China:Modernizing Agriculture and Rural to Urban Capital Flows[J]. The Developing Economies,2006,44, (1), 1-26.
[158]蔡防,王美艳.为什么劳动力流动没有缩小城乡收入差距[J].经济学动态,2009,(8)4-10.
[159]章元,王昊.城市劳动力市场上的户籍歧视与地域歧视：基于人口普查数据的研究[J].管理世界,2011,(7)42-51.
[160]谢桂华.中国流动人口的人力资本回报与社会融合[J].中国社会科学,2012,(4)103-124.
[161]Demurger, S., M. Gurgand, S. Li and X. Yue. Migrants As Second-class Workers in Urban China? A Decomposition Analysis[J]. Journal of Comparative Economics,2009,37, (4), 610-628.
[162]李培林,李炜.近年来农民工的经济状况和社会态度[J].中国社会科学,2010,(1)119-131.
[163]朱宏飞,郑浩.中国城镇劳动力市场上的地域工资差距——以上海为例[J].财贸经济,2013,(7)115-125.
[164]苏华,陈伟华,陈文俊.要素生产率和要素配置作用下的中国城乡收入差距[J].经济地理,2012,(4)44-49.
[165]胡宗义,李鹏.农村正规与非正规金融对城乡收入差距影响的空间计量分析[J].当代经济科学,2013,(2)71-78.
[166]周世军,周勤.政策偏向、收入偏移与中国城乡收入差距扩大[J].财贸经济,2011,(7)29-37.
[167]杨继生.通胀预期、流动性过剩与中国通货膨胀的动态性质[J].经济研究,2009,(1)106-117.
[168]Lind, D., Marchal, W. and Wathen, S. Statistical Techniques in Business & Economics[M]. MaGraw-Hill, Irwin,2002.
[169]Zhang, T. L. and J. Y. Cai. Security of Land Rights in Rural China:Facts and Trends[J]. Agricultural Science & Technology-Hunan,2012,13, (3),678-681.
[170]张义博,刘文忻.人口流动、财政支出结构与城乡收入差距[J].中国农村经济,2012,(1)16-30.
[171]Su, L. and A. Ullah. More Efficient Estimation of Nonparametric Panel Data Models with Random Effects[J]. Economics Letters,2007,96, (3),375-380.
[172]Henderson, D. J., R. J. Carroll and Q. Li. Nonparametric Estimation and Testing of Fixed Effects Panel Data Models[J]. Journal of Econometrics,2008,144, (1),257-275.
[173]Nguyen-Van, P. Energy Consumption and Income:A Semiparametric Panel Data Analysis[J]. Energy Economics,2010,32, (3),557-563.
[174]Allen, D. E., M. McAleer, R. Powell and A. K. Singh. A Non-parametric and Entropy Based Analysis of the Relationship between the VIX and S&P 500[R]. Edith Cowan University, School of Accounting Finance & Economics Working Papers No.2013-01,2013.
[175]Henningsen, G., A. Henningsen and C. H. C. A. Henning. Measuring the Influence of Networks on Transaction Costs Using a Non-parametric Regression Technique[R]. IFRO Working Paper No.2013/11,2013.
[176]刘华军,鲍振,杨骞.中国农业碳排放的地区差距及其分布动态演进——基于Dagum基尼系数分解与非参数估计方法的实证研究[J].农业技术经济,2013,(3)72-81.
[177]胡宗义,刘亦文,唐李伟.低碳经济背景下碳排放的库兹涅茨曲线研究[J].统计研究,2013,(2)73-79.
[178]段景辉,陈建宝.城乡收入差距影响因素的非参数逐点回归解析[J].财经研究,2011,(1)101-111.
[179]刘江会,唐尔波.财产性收入差距、市场化程度与经济增长的关系——基于城乡间的比较分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2010,(4)20-33.
[180]Anghelache, C., G. V. Anghelache, L. Begu and G. Bardasu. Non-parametrical Estimation of the Regression Used in Economic Analyses[J]. Romanian Statistical Review Supplement,2013, 61,(1),38-43.
[181]李启航,陈国富.法律制度对财产性收入影响作用的城乡差异——基于布罗代尔钟罩的法经济学思考[J].财经研究,2013,(3)99-111.
[182]Strahan, P. E. and J. P. Weston. Small Business Lending and the Changing Structure of the Banking Industry[J].Journal of Banking & Finance,1998,22, (6-8),821-845.
[183]蔡昉.刘易斯转折点——中国经济发展新阶段[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2008.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |