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国有企业转制过程中的经营者变异行为及其对策研究
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摘要
经过20多年的摸索与实践,当前中国的经济体制改革已进入了一个更全面、更合理和高速推进的阶段,国有企业的改革也已经历了十多年的摸索和实践。
     本文以国有企业转制过程中经营者的变异行为为研究对象,首先分析国有企业经营者的效用函数的构成,说明了影响企业经营者行为的因素是多种多样的,是各种原因综合作用的结果,并以此为依据对后文进行分析。接着,本文分析国有企业经营者行为的短期化的表现和原因。一些国有企业的经营者只看到企业近三五年甚至一两年的利益和发展,不惜为了短期利益而损害企业的长期发展战略,这种现象的发生大多是由于国有企业以往旧的经营者任用和考核机制造成的;然后,本文分析经营者偏离企业转制目标的行为的表现及原因。国有企业的经营者有可能会为了企业职工的利益而偏离企业的转制目标,或有的企业的经营者不愿意脱离国家的扶持而进入市场竞争,从而偏离转制目标甚至抵制国有企业转制改革的进行;经营者行为个体化的表现和原因。国有企业的经营者可能会利用企业转制的时机谋取个人利益,甚至侵吞国家资产。
     在对经营者变异行为的表现和原因分析的基础上,本文对提出了防止国有企业经营者变异行为的对策,主要包括:建立健全的道德约束和机制约束,也就是说要从思想上和制度上对国有企业的经营者进行教育和约束,使他们自觉地以企业的长期发展利益为重;建立“高自主+高风险+高收益”的激励机制,这主要是要将企业经营者的个人利益和企业的利益紧密联系起来,使企业的经营者的个人效用函数的构成尽量与企业的发展利益相一致,从根本上解决经营者的行为偏向问题;同时建立完善的内外部监管机制也是必不可少的。
     本文在对国有企业转制期间经营者变异行为分析的基础上提出了对经营者行为加以规范和约束的建议,以期推动国有企业改革的顺利进行。
After twenty years of groping and practicing, the economic system reform of our country has currently entered an all-round rational and high-speed stage presently. So has the reform of state-owned enterprises (SOEs).
    This thesis researches on the administrators' variation behavior during the transition of SOEs. Firstly, it analyzes the composition of the utility function of SOE administrators, and proves that factors that influence their behavior are diversified, being the result of various kinds of reasons acting each other, which is the basis of the following contents. Secondly, it analyzes the characteristics and reason of their short-term behavior, such as considering merely the interests and development of the SOEs in the next three or five years, even one or two years, not hesitating to damage the long-term strategies. The phenomenon is caused by the old appointment and examination mechanism of SOE administrators. Then, it analyzes the behavior and reason of their deviation from the transition goal of the SOEs. Some may do so for the sake of the staff's interests, and some may be unwilling to take part in market competition without the support of the country. Consequently they deviate from the set goal, even resis
    t the transition reform. Finally, it analyzes the feature and reason of their individual behavior. They seek individual interests by utilizing the transition opportunity of the enterprises, and even annex national assets.
    Based on the above analysis, it provides some countermeasure of SOE administrators' variation behavior, such as to establish sound morals and mechanism restraint, i.e., to educate and restrain them with ideology and mechanism, thus to make them put the long-term development interests of SOEs at first priority consciously, and to set up incentive mechanism of "high power/high risk/high income", linking their individual interests and those of the SOEs closely and conforming the individual utility function with the development interests of SOEs, solving their deviation behavior fundamentally, and at the same time, to establish perfect inside and outside supervise mechanism.
    It presents suggestions about how to standardize and restrain SOE administrators' behavior on the basis of analyzing their variation behavior in the transition period of SOEs, expecting to promote a harmonious SOE reform.
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