中小企业ERP的体系结构及其基于Internet的供应链供需接口的设计
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摘要
本文首先介绍了ERP的概念、原理和发展历程，讨论了中国中小企业在实施与应用ERP系统过程中所面临的资金、技术和管理理念上的困难。采用业务流程重构BPR的方法，设计了一个支持供应链管理思想的企业业务流程模型，并运用IDEF予以描述。在此基础上，提出了一个基于Internet／Intranet和Browser／Server方式中小企业ERP系统的解决方案。该ERP系统的开发和应用平台采用基于Windows DNA和动态服务网页ASP的方式，其基本结构采用供应链服务器(Supply Chain Server，SCServer)+企业镜像服务器(Mirrored Server，MServer)+客户机浏览器(Browser)的技术体系结构。ERP系统由设置在核心企业中的SCServer以及设置在供应链各个节点企业的MServer和Browser共同构建。整个供应链的ERP系统驻留在SCServer上，服务于整个供应链上所有企业。每个企业的MServer对本企业相关的信息作镜像，企业内部则通过Intranet操作。ERP采用基本模块和可选择动态模块的结构体系。本文采用XML技术来实现了不同ERP系统之间的信息集成，实现信息共享。该ERP系统具有经济性、操作简单和支持供应链管理思想的特点，利于在我国的推广和利用。
This thesis briefly describes the concept, theory and development history of enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, and analyzes difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprise (SMEs) in applying ERP system from point of view of technological, economic and managerial aspects. Based on business process reengineering (BPR), a business process model in support of supply chain management (SCM) is proposed and also described by using IDEF. This thesis presents a proposed solution to ERP system for SMEs, which is based on Internet/Intranet and Browser/Server. Its software is based on Windows DNA and designed as a set of hyperlinked ASP pages. The framework for the proposed ERP includes SCServer, MServers and Browsers. A supply chain ERP system can be constructed by a SCServer in the core enterprise, and a MServers and several Browsers in each individual member enterprise. ERP applications of all members are configured and located in the SCServer, and servers are supplied for all the authorized users over Internet. Each member has its own MServer to which the ERP applications of the member located in the SCServer is mirrored. It mainly serves all the users via Intranet in an enterprise. Basic ERP system is designed for initial use of ERP, while optional modules can be selected for further internal resources planning. As an important work in the thesis, XML is used to integrate different ERP systems and achieve shared-formation. The proposed ERP system for SMEs is economic to implement, simple to implement and operate on, and really in support of supply chain management for SMEs.
This thesis briefly describes the concept, theory and development history of enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, and analyzes difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprise (SMEs) in applying ERP system from point of view of technological, economic and managerial aspects. Based on business process reengineering (BPR), a business process model in support of supply chain management (SCM) is proposed and also described by using IDEF. This thesis presents a proposed solution to ERP system for SMEs, which is based on Internet/Intranet and Browser/Server. Its software is based on Windows DNA and designed as a set of hyperlinked ASP pages. The framework for the proposed ERP includes SCServer, MServers and Browsers. A supply chain ERP system can be constructed by a SCServer in the core enterprise, and a MServers and several Browsers in each individual member enterprise. ERP applications of all members are configured and located in the SCServer, and servers are supplied for all the authorized users over Internet. Each member has its own MServer to which the ERP applications of the member located in the SCServer is mirrored. It mainly serves all the users via Intranet in an enterprise. Basic ERP system is designed for initial use of ERP, while optional modules can be selected for further internal resources planning. As an important work in the thesis, XML is used to integrate different ERP systems and achieve shared-formation. The proposed ERP system for SMEs is economic to implement, simple to implement and operate on, and really in support of supply chain management for SMEs.
引文
1．马士华，林勇，陈志祥·供应链管理· 机械工业出版社·2000
2．张敏·制造资源计划 MRP-Ⅱ 及其应用·清华大学出版社·1998
3．陈剑，冯蔚东·虚拟企业构建与管理·清华大学出版社·2000
4．张晓萍·现代生产物流及仿真·清华大学出版社·1998
5．罗鸿·ERP原理·设计·实施·电子工业出版社·2002
6．张毅·企业资源计划·电子工业出版社·2002
7．ERP研究小组·MRP-Ⅱ/ERP·http://www.amteam.org
8．Nicholas D.Evanse,Ken Miller,Ken Spencer·Visual InterDev6.0·北京希望电子出版社·2001
9．陈禹六·IDEF建模分析和设计方法·清华大学出版社·2000
10．刘超，张丽·可视化面向对象建模技术·北京航空航天大学出版社·2000
11．玛丽莲．格林斯坦，托德 M.法因曼·电子商务安全、风险管理与控制·1999
12．蒋贵善·生产计划与控制·机械工业出版社·2000
13．王晨，于明，苏颖，张斌，陈荣兴·浅谈基于 B／S 结构的集成化 ERP 系统的实施·电子工业出版社·2001
14．汉普管理咨询 (中国) 有限公司主页·www.sinohelp.com
15．企业资源管理研究中心主页·http://www.amteam.org
16．胡亚辉，牛占文，徐燕申，牛文特·基于 Web 的制造资源管理系统的设计与实现·电子工业出版社·2001
17．李龙洙，赵鹏·信息技术在供应管理中的应用，新世纪现代工业工程与工程管理国际会议论文集·电子工业出版社·2001
18．周广声，李新月，杨丽萍·信息系统工程原理方法及应用·清华大学出版社·1998
19．张海藩·软件工程导论·清华大学出版社·清华大学出版社·2000
20．熊桂喜，王小虎·计算机网络·清华大学出版社·2001
21．邱仲潘·COM与COM+从入门到精通·电子工业出版社·2001
22．刘福太·ASP3高级编程·机械工业出版社·2001
23．廖信彦·Active Server Page3.0彻底研究·中国铁道出版社·2000
24．彭万波·ASP开发基础与范例·电子工业出版社·2001
25．李瑞旭·ASP实例教程·中国电力出版社·2001
26．曾春平，王超，张鹏·XML编程从入门到精通·希望电子出版社·2002
27．张利，王显·XML实用技术·清华大学出版社·2001
28．李瑞旭·XML实例教程·中国电力出版社·2001
29．余晨，李文炬·SQL Server 2000培训教程·清华大学出版社·2001
30．高艳春，李韶瑾·即时应用SQL Server 2000中文版·人民邮电出版社·2001
31．李正文·SQL Server 2000开发人员指南·北京希望电子出版社，2002
32. Jing Dong, Integrating ERP Package with Internet Technologies, May 10, 1999, http://shrike.depaul.edu/～jdong/IS56012.htm.
33. Marc Brown, Future Trends for ERP System, http://shrike.depaul.edu/~mbro wn4/erptrends.htm
34. Aloke Agarwal, Enterprise Resource Planning, the Web, and More, April 15,1999. http://www.microsoft.com/windows/ie_intl/cn/start/
35. Agaral, A., Enterprise Resource Planning, the Web, and More, http://shrike.depaul.edu/～aagarwal/IS560/paper3_I560.doc
36. Kehoe, D., and Boughton, N., Internet based supply chain management, a classification of approaches to manufacturing planning and control, International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 21(4), 2001, pp.516-524.
37. Michael Halstead, ERP Future Trends http://shrike.depaul.edu/～mhalstes/ASSIGN3h.html
38. Web-Enable ERP System, http://shrike.depaul.edu/～jdong/is56012.htm.
39. ERP-Future Trends, http://students.depaul.edu/phughes
40. Business Process Reengineering (BRP) and its Application, Meng Shaodong, Proceedings of IE&EM'2001
41. Sun Yu, Jiang Junhua, Study on the Web-based Integrated Information System of Enterprise for 21st Century, Proceedings of IE&EM'2001
42. Numata,J: Bangyu Lei: Iwashita,Y, hfformation management for knowledge amplification in Virtual, Engineering and Technology Management, 1996. IEMC96
43. Enterprise Resource Planning System Research, http://www.ces-btc.gatech.edu/ERPBench.htm
2．张敏·制造资源计划 MRP-Ⅱ 及其应用·清华大学出版社·1998
3．陈剑，冯蔚东·虚拟企业构建与管理·清华大学出版社·2000
4．张晓萍·现代生产物流及仿真·清华大学出版社·1998
5．罗鸿·ERP原理·设计·实施·电子工业出版社·2002
6．张毅·企业资源计划·电子工业出版社·2002
7．ERP研究小组·MRP-Ⅱ/ERP·http://www.amteam.org
8．Nicholas D.Evanse,Ken Miller,Ken Spencer·Visual InterDev6.0·北京希望电子出版社·2001
9．陈禹六·IDEF建模分析和设计方法·清华大学出版社·2000
10．刘超，张丽·可视化面向对象建模技术·北京航空航天大学出版社·2000
11．玛丽莲．格林斯坦，托德 M.法因曼·电子商务安全、风险管理与控制·1999
12．蒋贵善·生产计划与控制·机械工业出版社·2000
13．王晨，于明，苏颖，张斌，陈荣兴·浅谈基于 B／S 结构的集成化 ERP 系统的实施·电子工业出版社·2001
14．汉普管理咨询 (中国) 有限公司主页·www.sinohelp.com
15．企业资源管理研究中心主页·http://www.amteam.org
16．胡亚辉，牛占文，徐燕申，牛文特·基于 Web 的制造资源管理系统的设计与实现·电子工业出版社·2001
17．李龙洙，赵鹏·信息技术在供应管理中的应用，新世纪现代工业工程与工程管理国际会议论文集·电子工业出版社·2001
18．周广声，李新月，杨丽萍·信息系统工程原理方法及应用·清华大学出版社·1998
19．张海藩·软件工程导论·清华大学出版社·清华大学出版社·2000
20．熊桂喜，王小虎·计算机网络·清华大学出版社·2001
21．邱仲潘·COM与COM+从入门到精通·电子工业出版社·2001
22．刘福太·ASP3高级编程·机械工业出版社·2001
23．廖信彦·Active Server Page3.0彻底研究·中国铁道出版社·2000
24．彭万波·ASP开发基础与范例·电子工业出版社·2001
25．李瑞旭·ASP实例教程·中国电力出版社·2001
26．曾春平，王超，张鹏·XML编程从入门到精通·希望电子出版社·2002
27．张利，王显·XML实用技术·清华大学出版社·2001
28．李瑞旭·XML实例教程·中国电力出版社·2001
29．余晨，李文炬·SQL Server 2000培训教程·清华大学出版社·2001
30．高艳春，李韶瑾·即时应用SQL Server 2000中文版·人民邮电出版社·2001
31．李正文·SQL Server 2000开发人员指南·北京希望电子出版社，2002
32. Jing Dong, Integrating ERP Package with Internet Technologies, May 10, 1999, http://shrike.depaul.edu/～jdong/IS56012.htm.
33. Marc Brown, Future Trends for ERP System, http://shrike.depaul.edu/~mbro wn4/erptrends.htm
34. Aloke Agarwal, Enterprise Resource Planning, the Web, and More, April 15,1999. http://www.microsoft.com/windows/ie_intl/cn/start/
35. Agaral, A., Enterprise Resource Planning, the Web, and More, http://shrike.depaul.edu/～aagarwal/IS560/paper3_I560.doc
36. Kehoe, D., and Boughton, N., Internet based supply chain management, a classification of approaches to manufacturing planning and control, International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 21(4), 2001, pp.516-524.
37. Michael Halstead, ERP Future Trends http://shrike.depaul.edu/～mhalstes/ASSIGN3h.html
38. Web-Enable ERP System, http://shrike.depaul.edu/～jdong/is56012.htm.
39. ERP-Future Trends, http://students.depaul.edu/phughes
40. Business Process Reengineering (BRP) and its Application, Meng Shaodong, Proceedings of IE&EM'2001
41. Sun Yu, Jiang Junhua, Study on the Web-based Integrated Information System of Enterprise for 21st Century, Proceedings of IE&EM'2001
42. Numata,J: Bangyu Lei: Iwashita,Y, hfformation management for knowledge amplification in Virtual, Engineering and Technology Management, 1996. IEMC96
43. Enterprise Resource Planning System Research, http://www.ces-btc.gatech.edu/ERPBench.htm