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鲇鱼山水库翘嘴鲌生长特性与种群控制研究
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摘要
作者于2006年4月至8月间,在鲇鱼山水库采集了翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnusBasilewsky)样本250尾。根据所采样本材料,应用常规的生物学方法,研究了鲇鱼山水库翘嘴鲌的年龄和生长特性,并分析了其种群组成,提出了鲇鱼山水库控制和利用翘嘴鲌的途径和方法。主要结果如下:
     1.鲇鱼山水库翘嘴鲌的年龄结构比较复杂,由1~7共7个龄组组成。优势组为2~3龄,占总数的78.6%,4龄以上数量急剧下降。群体体长分布于12.0~100.0cm之间,体长24.0~48.0cm的个体占群体总数的77.93%;体重分布范围为75.0~2175.0g之间,体重425.0~775.0g的个体占总数的73.97%。
     2.体长和全长之间呈显著的线性关系。群体体长和全长的关系为:y=1.4574x+1.1892(R~2=0.9429);雌性体长和全长的关系为:y=1.486x+0.5(R~2=0.9603);雄性体长和全长的关系为:y=1.417x+2.1588(R~2=0.9187)。体长和鳞径符合直线关系。其关系式为y=78.354x-0.9154(R~2=0.7178)。
     3.将翘嘴鲌样本的体长和体重关系经过拟合分析,获得体长体重关系,W=0.0098L~(2.9947)(R~2=0.9521),其中b=2.9947,接近于3,所以鲇鱼山水库翘嘴鲌的生长为匀速生长类型。
     4.肥满度随年龄逐渐变小,1~3龄之间变化显著,3龄以后变化很小,逐渐趋于稳定。本实验分别用体重和空壳重计算了肥满度,通过结果比较可以看出两者差异不显著,两者都可以用于肥满度的计算。
     5.翘嘴鲌的生长适合于Von Bertalanffy生长方程,可以用此方程描述其生长特性:
     L_t=96.3214(1—e~(-0.7089(t-1.4982))) W_t=8548.3150(1—e~(-0.7089(t-1.4982)))~2.9947
     相关生长参数为:L_8=108.3848cm,W_8=8548.3150g,生长参数k=0.7089,t_0=1.4982,生长拐点年龄t=3.04龄,对应的体长和体重分别为:W_t=2526.11g和L_t=60.16cm。
     6.从生长指标可以看出,鲇鱼山水库翘嘴鲌的生长分为两个阶段,即4龄前的快速生长阶段和4龄后的缓慢生长阶段。
     7.通过不同水域翘嘴鲌生长特性的比较,鲇鱼山水库翘嘴鲌的拐点年龄(3.0)和性成熟年龄(3)都较低。
     8.提出了鲇鱼山水库翘嘴鲌种群控制和利用的途径和方法。
250 individuals of Culter alburnus Basilewsky were collected from Nian Yu Shan reservoir during April to August, 2006. Based on the stylebook material, we studied the age and growth characteristic and population control of Culter alburnus Basilewsky in Nian Yu Shan reservoir used groovy biology method, and we put forward approaches and methods for the control and use of Culter alburnus Basilewsky in Nian Yu Shan reservoir. The results were summarized as follows:
     1. The age configuration of Culter alburnus Basilewsky in Nian Yu Shan reservoir was comparatively complex, which had 7 age groups from 1 to 7. The preponderant groups were 2 to 3. 78.6% in total, the number declined sharply from age group 4 upwards. The body-length range of the population is 12.0~100.0cm, mainly in 24.0~48.0cm (77.93%); the body weight ranges from 75.0~2175.0g, mainly in 25.0~775.0g (73.97%).
     2. There is a notable linearity relationship between body length and total length. Relationship between body length and total length in all colony is: y=1.4574x+1.1892 (R~2=0.9429); Relationship between body length and total length in female colony is: y=1.486x+0.5 (R~2=0.9603); Relationship between body length and total length in female colony is: y=1.486x+0.5 (R~2=0.9603). There is a linearity relationship between body length and scale radius. The equation is: y=78.354x—0.9154 (R~2=0.7178).
     3. Analyze the relationship between body length and body weight, we get the relationship of them which is: W= 0.0098L~(2.9947) (R~2=0.9521), parameter b=2.9947 which is near to 3, so the growth of Culter alburnus Basilewsky in Nian Yu Shan reservoir are uniformity.
     4. Condition factors changed smaller gradually by ages, which changed notability among age 1 to 3, but changed little after 3, and became stabilization gradually. We use both body weight and non-tripe weight to calculate the Condition factors, and there was not apparent difference between the results, so we can use both of them to calculate Condition factors.
     5. The growth of Culter alburnus Basilewsky in Nian Yu Shan reservoir belongs to constant speed style, which can be described by Von Bertalanffy equation. The growth equation of body length and body weight are as follows: L_t=96.3214 (1—e~(-0.7089(t-1.4982))) W_t=8548.3150 (1—e~(-0.7089(t-1.4982)))~(2.9947)
     The supreme body length is 108.3848cm, supreme body weight is 8548.31g, growth parameter is 0.7089, the theoretical body length zero-point is 1.4982 age; body weight growth inflexion point is 3.04, with corresponding body length of 60.16cm, and the body weight of 2526.11g.
     6. According to the index of growth, there are two phases in the growth of Culter alburnus Basilewsky in Nian Yu Shan reservoir, just a fast growth phase before 4 age and a slowly growth phase after 4 age.
     7. Compared with other Culter alburnus Basilewsky in different water areas, Culter alburnus Basilewsky had smaller inflexion age and sex mature age in Nian Yu Shan reservoir.
     8. We lodged approaches and methods for the control and use of Culter alburnus Basilewsky in Nian Yu Shan reservoir.
引文
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