星地时间同步技术的研究
摘要
在精密导航定位中,星地时间同步是一个重要的研究方向。在卫星导航定位系统中,用户在空间参考系的坐标,是通过测量卫星与用户之间信号的传输时间来确定的。因此,卫星与地面系统之间时间同步的好坏,直接影响定位精度的高低。星地时间同步的精度和可靠性对导航系统的定位精度和性能有重大影响。由于影响星地时间同步精度的原因很多,所以必须选择合适的处理方法,进行星历误差、电离层误差、对流层误差、多普勒效应误差和设备时延等误差的修正。目前,国内外已经提出了一些对于这些误差的修正方法,但是大多都很浅显,特别是国内,在这方面与国外相比还比较落后,而且,很少有仿真结果的分析和论证,所以需要进一步的深入研究。
近年来,我国又在构建第二代卫星导航系统。因此,星地时间同步技术的研究也显得尤为迫切和关键。本论文正是应国内卫星导航系统的发展需要,展开对导航卫星星地时间同步技术的研究。
本课题由航天某研究所提出,要求综合分析导航卫星的星地时间同步方案,分析上述各种误差并提出解决方案,并设计单向法和双向法的时间同步方案。本论文是在GPS导航卫星星地时间同步的基本原理上,阐述了卫星导航定位系统中,星地时间同步常用的单向时间同步、双向时间同步等方法,重点仔细研究和分析了影响同步精度的各项误差的处理方法,并进行了仿真研究。最后,提出了星地时间同步技术的单向法和双向法的具体实施方案。其中的研究成果和仿真结果,对当今国内外此领域的研究与发展具有十分重要的意义。
Time synchronization between satellite and the ground station is an important part of the navigation and positioning system. In the satellite navigation and positioning, the position coordinates of the users in the space reference frame are obtained by measuring the transmission time between satellite and users. Therefore, it is fine or not of the time synchronization between satellite and the ground station will impact the positioning accuracy directly. The precision and reliability of the time synchronization between satellite and the ground station cause a great effect to the positioning accuracy and performance of the navigation system.
For the precise time synchronization between satellite and the ground station, proper approach must be chosen to reduce the effects to synchronization precision of ephemeris error, ionosphere error, troposphere error, Duopule effects error and time delay error of devices. Currently, some revision methods for these errors have been developed all over the world, but most are superficial. Especially domestic technology at this aspect drops behind the foreign. And there is not any analysis or argumentation of the simulation results, so further study is needed.
In recent years, our country is constructing the second generation satellite navigation system. Therefore, the research on time synchronization technology between satellite and the ground station become exigent and pivotal. This thesis is just to the need of the developing of our country’s satellite navigation system, and the research on the time synchronization technology of navigation satellite is developed.
This thesis is brought forward by one research institute with the demand that we analyze and demonstrate the scheme on the time synchronization between navigation satellite and the ground station, and especially analyze the revision model to the errors above. In the end, we design schemes about the one-way and two-way time synchronization technology between satellite and the ground station. The research fruit and simulation results make great sense to the research in this field inside and outside our country.
近年来,我国又在构建第二代卫星导航系统。因此,星地时间同步技术的研究也显得尤为迫切和关键。本论文正是应国内卫星导航系统的发展需要,展开对导航卫星星地时间同步技术的研究。
本课题由航天某研究所提出,要求综合分析导航卫星的星地时间同步方案,分析上述各种误差并提出解决方案,并设计单向法和双向法的时间同步方案。本论文是在GPS导航卫星星地时间同步的基本原理上,阐述了卫星导航定位系统中,星地时间同步常用的单向时间同步、双向时间同步等方法,重点仔细研究和分析了影响同步精度的各项误差的处理方法,并进行了仿真研究。最后,提出了星地时间同步技术的单向法和双向法的具体实施方案。其中的研究成果和仿真结果,对当今国内外此领域的研究与发展具有十分重要的意义。
Time synchronization between satellite and the ground station is an important part of the navigation and positioning system. In the satellite navigation and positioning, the position coordinates of the users in the space reference frame are obtained by measuring the transmission time between satellite and users. Therefore, it is fine or not of the time synchronization between satellite and the ground station will impact the positioning accuracy directly. The precision and reliability of the time synchronization between satellite and the ground station cause a great effect to the positioning accuracy and performance of the navigation system.
For the precise time synchronization between satellite and the ground station, proper approach must be chosen to reduce the effects to synchronization precision of ephemeris error, ionosphere error, troposphere error, Duopule effects error and time delay error of devices. Currently, some revision methods for these errors have been developed all over the world, but most are superficial. Especially domestic technology at this aspect drops behind the foreign. And there is not any analysis or argumentation of the simulation results, so further study is needed.
In recent years, our country is constructing the second generation satellite navigation system. Therefore, the research on time synchronization technology between satellite and the ground station become exigent and pivotal. This thesis is just to the need of the developing of our country’s satellite navigation system, and the research on the time synchronization technology of navigation satellite is developed.
This thesis is brought forward by one research institute with the demand that we analyze and demonstrate the scheme on the time synchronization between navigation satellite and the ground station, and especially analyze the revision model to the errors above. In the end, we design schemes about the one-way and two-way time synchronization technology between satellite and the ground station. The research fruit and simulation results make great sense to the research in this field inside and outside our country.
引文
[1]周渭,偶晓娟,周晖等.时频测控技术.第一版.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2006, 7. 133-172.
[2]周渭,于建国,刘海霞等.测试计量技术.第一版.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004, 4. 136-157.
[3]李天文. GPS原理及应用.第一版.北京:科学出版社,2005. 2-8.
[4]胡伍生,高成发. GPS测量原理及其应用.第一版.北京:人民交通出版社,2005, 1. 66-85.
[5]吴延忠,李贵琦.地球同步卫星定位.北京:解放军出版社,1992,10. 56-70.
[6]刘基余. GPS卫星导航定位原理与方法.北京:科学出版社,2003.
[7]陈俊勇.美国GPS现代化概述.测绘通报. 2000, (8). 44-45.
[8] D. Kirchner, 1999,“Two Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer (TWSTFT),”Review of Radio Science (Oxford Science Publications). 27-44.
[9]李树洲.卫星导航定位系统星地时间同步方法.无线电工程. 2002, 10. 60-63.
[10] L. A. Breakiron, A. L. Smith, B. C. Fonville, E. Powers, and D. M. Matsakis.“The Accuracy of Two-Way Satellite Time Transfer Calibrations”. Proc. 36 Precise Time and Time Interval (PTTI) Systems and Applications Meeting, December 2004, Washington, DC, USA. 139-148.
[11]王正明.与时俱进的时间工作.陕西天文台台刊. 2002, 25 (1). 9-17.
[12] R. Dach, G. Beutler, U. Hugentobler , S. Schaer, T. Schildknecht, T. Springer, G. Dudle, and L. Prost,“Time transfer using GPS carrier phase: error propagation and results,”J. Geodesy, vol. 77. 2003. 1-14.
[13] Balmino, G (2002) Gravity field recovery from GRACE-Unique aspects of the high precision inter-satellite data and analysis methods. Space Science Reviews, vol.108. 47 -54.
[14] A. Bauch et al.“Time and frequency comparisons between four European timing institutes and NIST using multiple techniques,”Proc.19 EFTF 2005, Besan?on, France, March 2005.
[15]童卓,王东进,刘发林.低轨卫星的多普勒频移实时估计.中国科学技术大学学报. 2004, 4.第34卷,第二期. 190-195.
[16] Irfan Ali. Doppler Characterization for LEO Satellites. IEEE Trans. Commu. March, 1998, 46(3). 309-313.
[17] A. Saito, et al. High resolution mapping of TEC perturbations with the GSI GPSnetwork over Japan. Geophys Res Lett. 1998, 25 (16). 3079-3082.
[18]张东和,萧佐. GPS信号多普勒效应分析.电波科学学报. 2002, 2.第17卷,第一期. 42-45.
[19]谢世杰. GPS测量的电离层误差.测绘通报. 2001, (12). 36-42.
[20] Klobuchar J A. Ionospheric Effects on GPS .World, 1991, 2 (4). 48-51.
[21] YUAN YB, OUJK. Further Research on Ionospheres Delay Correction Method for Single-Frequency GPS User in WAAS. Acta Geo-daetca at Cartographica Sinica, 2000. 96-102.
[22] Banner F.K., An improved Model for the Dual Frequency Ionospheres Correction of GPS Observations, Manuscripta Geodaetica, 1991, 16. 2105-2140.
[23] Zemin WANG, Yue WU, Kefei ZHANG Triple-Frequency Method for High-Order Ionospheres Refractive Error Modeling in GPS Modernization. The 2004 International Symposium on GNSS/GPS, Sydney, Australia. December 2004. 6-8.
[24]欧吉坤. GPS测量的中性大气折射改正的研究.测绘学报. 1998.第27卷,第一期. 31-36.
[25] Henk K B, van der Marel H, van der Hoeven AGA. Integrated Atmospheric Water Vapor Estimates from a Regional GPS Network. Journal of Geo-physical Research, 2002, 107 (D3). 4025-4033.
[26]葛茂荣,刘经南. GPS定位中对流层折射估计研究.测绘学报. 1996.第25卷,第四期. 285-291.
[27] Fadis I M. The Excess Propagation Path of Radio Waves: Study of the Influence of the Atmospheric Parameter on its Elevation Depen-dence. Survey Review. 1992, 31(243). 289-300.
[28] SCHM ID R, ROTHACHER M, THALLER D. Absolute phase center corrections of satellite and receiver antennas. GPS Solutions. 2005, 9 (4). 283-293.
[29] ftp://62.161.69.5.
[30] ANDREASW, FR ITZ K B. An extended weight model for GPS phase observations. Earth Planets Space. 2000, 52. 777-782.
[31]郝文辉,张瑜. GPS测量中多路径误差简便模型.全球定位系统. 2006.第一期. 12-15.
[32] Ray J K, Cannon M E. GPS code and carrier multi-path mitigation using a multiantenna system. IEEE Transations on Aerospace and Electronic System, 2001, 37 (1). 183-186.
[33] A. Bauch, et.al.“Time and Frequency Comparisons between Four European Timing Institutes and NIST using Multiple Techniques”to be published in theProceedings of the 2005 European Frequency and Time Forum.
[34] D. Matsakis,“Time and Frequency Activities at the U.S. Naval Observatory,”Proc. 34 Precise Time and Time Interval (PTTI) Systems and Applications Meeting, 3-5 December 2002, Reston, Virginia, USA, 2003. 437-456.
[35] L. A. Breakiron, A. L. Smith, B. C. Fonville, E. Powers, and D. M. Matsakis,“The Accuracy of Two-Way Satellite Time Transfer Calibrations,”Proc. 36 Precise Time and Time Interval (PTTI) Systems and Applications Meeting, December 2004, Washington, DC, USA. 2005. 139-148.
[36] John B. Moore, Direct Kalman Filtering Approach for GPS/INS integration, IEEE-IEE Vehicle Navigation&Information System Conference, Feb 13,2002.
[37]陆光华,彭学愚,张林让等.随机信号处理.第一版.西安:西安电子科技出版社,2003, 9. 49-57.
[38] M. Imae,“Precise Time and Frequency Transfer,”J. of the NICT, vol. 50, 2003. 105-112.
[39]刘成国,黄际英,江长荫等.我国对流层波导环境特性研究.西安电子科技大学学报(自然科学版). 2002, 29(1). 119-122.
[40]张立新,王伟,王岗.双向比对远距离时间同步技术.空间电子技术. 2002, (2). 7-9.
[41]郭廷源.星上导航信息处理演示系统的研制.电子科技大学硕士学位论文. 2005. 48-51.
[42] P. Koppang , D. Johns, and J. Skinner, 2004,“Application of Control Theory in the Formation of a Timescale,”in Proceedings of the 35th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval (PTTI) Systems and Applications Meeting, 2-4December 2003, Long Beach, California, USA (U.S. Naval Observatory, Washington, D.C.). 319-325.
[43]张金槐.线性模型参数估计及其改进.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1992.
[44] T.P. Celano, J.D. Warriner, S.P. Francis, G. A. Gifford, P.G. Howe, R.R. Beckman,“Two-Way Time Transfer to Airborne Platforms Using Commercial Modems”, Proceedings of the 34th Precise Time and Time Interval Conference, December, 2002.
[45] G. de Jong and E. Kroon, 2003,“Analysis of One Year of GPS and Two-Way Time Transfer Results Between PTB, NPL, and VSL,”in Proceedings of the 34th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval (PTTI) Systems and Applications Meeting, 3-5 December 2002, Reston, VA, USA (U.S. Naval Observatory, Washington, D.C.).367-379.
[46] Wolfgang Werner, Jon Winkel. TCAR and MCAR Options with GALILEO and GPS. IONGPS/GNSS 2003, 9-12 September 2003, Portland. 790-800.
[2]周渭,于建国,刘海霞等.测试计量技术.第一版.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004, 4. 136-157.
[3]李天文. GPS原理及应用.第一版.北京:科学出版社,2005. 2-8.
[4]胡伍生,高成发. GPS测量原理及其应用.第一版.北京:人民交通出版社,2005, 1. 66-85.
[5]吴延忠,李贵琦.地球同步卫星定位.北京:解放军出版社,1992,10. 56-70.
[6]刘基余. GPS卫星导航定位原理与方法.北京:科学出版社,2003.
[7]陈俊勇.美国GPS现代化概述.测绘通报. 2000, (8). 44-45.
[8] D. Kirchner, 1999,“Two Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer (TWSTFT),”Review of Radio Science (Oxford Science Publications). 27-44.
[9]李树洲.卫星导航定位系统星地时间同步方法.无线电工程. 2002, 10. 60-63.
[10] L. A. Breakiron, A. L. Smith, B. C. Fonville, E. Powers, and D. M. Matsakis.“The Accuracy of Two-Way Satellite Time Transfer Calibrations”. Proc. 36 Precise Time and Time Interval (PTTI) Systems and Applications Meeting, December 2004, Washington, DC, USA. 139-148.
[11]王正明.与时俱进的时间工作.陕西天文台台刊. 2002, 25 (1). 9-17.
[12] R. Dach, G. Beutler, U. Hugentobler , S. Schaer, T. Schildknecht, T. Springer, G. Dudle, and L. Prost,“Time transfer using GPS carrier phase: error propagation and results,”J. Geodesy, vol. 77. 2003. 1-14.
[13] Balmino, G (2002) Gravity field recovery from GRACE-Unique aspects of the high precision inter-satellite data and analysis methods. Space Science Reviews, vol.108. 47 -54.
[14] A. Bauch et al.“Time and frequency comparisons between four European timing institutes and NIST using multiple techniques,”Proc.19 EFTF 2005, Besan?on, France, March 2005.
[15]童卓,王东进,刘发林.低轨卫星的多普勒频移实时估计.中国科学技术大学学报. 2004, 4.第34卷,第二期. 190-195.
[16] Irfan Ali. Doppler Characterization for LEO Satellites. IEEE Trans. Commu. March, 1998, 46(3). 309-313.
[17] A. Saito, et al. High resolution mapping of TEC perturbations with the GSI GPSnetwork over Japan. Geophys Res Lett. 1998, 25 (16). 3079-3082.
[18]张东和,萧佐. GPS信号多普勒效应分析.电波科学学报. 2002, 2.第17卷,第一期. 42-45.
[19]谢世杰. GPS测量的电离层误差.测绘通报. 2001, (12). 36-42.
[20] Klobuchar J A. Ionospheric Effects on GPS .World, 1991, 2 (4). 48-51.
[21] YUAN YB, OUJK. Further Research on Ionospheres Delay Correction Method for Single-Frequency GPS User in WAAS. Acta Geo-daetca at Cartographica Sinica, 2000. 96-102.
[22] Banner F.K., An improved Model for the Dual Frequency Ionospheres Correction of GPS Observations, Manuscripta Geodaetica, 1991, 16. 2105-2140.
[23] Zemin WANG, Yue WU, Kefei ZHANG Triple-Frequency Method for High-Order Ionospheres Refractive Error Modeling in GPS Modernization. The 2004 International Symposium on GNSS/GPS, Sydney, Australia. December 2004. 6-8.
[24]欧吉坤. GPS测量的中性大气折射改正的研究.测绘学报. 1998.第27卷,第一期. 31-36.
[25] Henk K B, van der Marel H, van der Hoeven AGA. Integrated Atmospheric Water Vapor Estimates from a Regional GPS Network. Journal of Geo-physical Research, 2002, 107 (D3). 4025-4033.
[26]葛茂荣,刘经南. GPS定位中对流层折射估计研究.测绘学报. 1996.第25卷,第四期. 285-291.
[27] Fadis I M. The Excess Propagation Path of Radio Waves: Study of the Influence of the Atmospheric Parameter on its Elevation Depen-dence. Survey Review. 1992, 31(243). 289-300.
[28] SCHM ID R, ROTHACHER M, THALLER D. Absolute phase center corrections of satellite and receiver antennas. GPS Solutions. 2005, 9 (4). 283-293.
[29] ftp://62.161.69.5.
[30] ANDREASW, FR ITZ K B. An extended weight model for GPS phase observations. Earth Planets Space. 2000, 52. 777-782.
[31]郝文辉,张瑜. GPS测量中多路径误差简便模型.全球定位系统. 2006.第一期. 12-15.
[32] Ray J K, Cannon M E. GPS code and carrier multi-path mitigation using a multiantenna system. IEEE Transations on Aerospace and Electronic System, 2001, 37 (1). 183-186.
[33] A. Bauch, et.al.“Time and Frequency Comparisons between Four European Timing Institutes and NIST using Multiple Techniques”to be published in theProceedings of the 2005 European Frequency and Time Forum.
[34] D. Matsakis,“Time and Frequency Activities at the U.S. Naval Observatory,”Proc. 34 Precise Time and Time Interval (PTTI) Systems and Applications Meeting, 3-5 December 2002, Reston, Virginia, USA, 2003. 437-456.
[35] L. A. Breakiron, A. L. Smith, B. C. Fonville, E. Powers, and D. M. Matsakis,“The Accuracy of Two-Way Satellite Time Transfer Calibrations,”Proc. 36 Precise Time and Time Interval (PTTI) Systems and Applications Meeting, December 2004, Washington, DC, USA. 2005. 139-148.
[36] John B. Moore, Direct Kalman Filtering Approach for GPS/INS integration, IEEE-IEE Vehicle Navigation&Information System Conference, Feb 13,2002.
[37]陆光华,彭学愚,张林让等.随机信号处理.第一版.西安:西安电子科技出版社,2003, 9. 49-57.
[38] M. Imae,“Precise Time and Frequency Transfer,”J. of the NICT, vol. 50, 2003. 105-112.
[39]刘成国,黄际英,江长荫等.我国对流层波导环境特性研究.西安电子科技大学学报(自然科学版). 2002, 29(1). 119-122.
[40]张立新,王伟,王岗.双向比对远距离时间同步技术.空间电子技术. 2002, (2). 7-9.
[41]郭廷源.星上导航信息处理演示系统的研制.电子科技大学硕士学位论文. 2005. 48-51.
[42] P. Koppang , D. Johns, and J. Skinner, 2004,“Application of Control Theory in the Formation of a Timescale,”in Proceedings of the 35th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval (PTTI) Systems and Applications Meeting, 2-4December 2003, Long Beach, California, USA (U.S. Naval Observatory, Washington, D.C.). 319-325.
[43]张金槐.线性模型参数估计及其改进.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1992.
[44] T.P. Celano, J.D. Warriner, S.P. Francis, G. A. Gifford, P.G. Howe, R.R. Beckman,“Two-Way Time Transfer to Airborne Platforms Using Commercial Modems”, Proceedings of the 34th Precise Time and Time Interval Conference, December, 2002.
[45] G. de Jong and E. Kroon, 2003,“Analysis of One Year of GPS and Two-Way Time Transfer Results Between PTB, NPL, and VSL,”in Proceedings of the 34th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval (PTTI) Systems and Applications Meeting, 3-5 December 2002, Reston, VA, USA (U.S. Naval Observatory, Washington, D.C.).367-379.
[46] Wolfgang Werner, Jon Winkel. TCAR and MCAR Options with GALILEO and GPS. IONGPS/GNSS 2003, 9-12 September 2003, Portland. 790-800.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |