全波形时间域电磁接收系统及分辨力研究
|
摘要
时间域电磁法是一种探测大地的有效方法,近年来不仅在深部矿产资源勘探中广泛使用,而且在工程勘查中也得到大力推广,探测范围覆盖浅层大地和深部区域。全波形时间域电磁探测是在发射电流关断期间及完全关断后,都对大地进行勘查,对关断期间、含有浅层信息的二次场信号,和完全关断后、含有浅层及深部信息的二次场信号都进行采集和解释。为了保证二次场信号的完整接收,需要研制高速、高分辨率、低噪全波形时间域电磁接收系统。接收系统完成后,为了使接收系统能对目标体进行有效探测,需要对接收系统各种性能进行测试分析,并研制全波形时间域电磁响应算法,与接收系统性能相结合,分析接收系统对地下目标体的分辨能力。
针对以上问题,本文研制了全波形时间域接收系统,并对其探测能力进行分析:研究了接收机中各种干扰来源,采用垂直布局、分时放大、双次采集技术,结合具有压噪和数字滤波能力的高速Σ-Δ24位采集单元,研制了全波形时间域电磁接收机。完成仪器系统设计后,利用梯形波发射与阶跃波射的关系,采用积分方程法,研究了一维、二维大地全波形响应计算方法;以无源三维有限差分算法为基础,研究了适用于三维目标体全波形时间域电磁响应计算的任意源三维有限差分算法。采用实验室测试设备及地面标定系统对接收机性能进行测试,结合全波形响应算法,分析了接收系统对典型地电目标体的分辨能力。最后结合内蒙古某银铅锌矿的实测结果,证明了新型全波形时间域接收系统的有效性和准确性。
Electromagnetic detection is an effective method of detecting useful information underground in time domain in time domain. It is widely used not only in deep exploration of mineral resources,but also promoted in engineering investigation in recent years.The detection scale gradually range from shallow to deep areas of earth.Full waveform electromagnetic detection method in time domain explore earth during transitmitting current Switch-Off and fully closed.It collect and interpret the early signals which contain shallow information and late signals which contain deep information.Because above,it needs develop high speed,high resolution,low noise time-domain full-waveform electromagnetic receiver,and testing and calibrating its performance,analysising the detectability of targets in order to enable it detect target effectively.
For above problem,Supported of national 863 major scientific and technological research project“podded airborne electromagnetic helicopter survey system in time domain”,based on ATTEM-2 receiver and three-dimensional algorithm of step wave,this paper develop full-waveform,low noise,high resolution,high speed time-domain ground receiver.And it research one-,two-and three-dimensiona full-waveform electromagnetic response algorithm,refer to calibration method of airborn time-domain electromagnetic system, test and calibrate the performation of receiver,combine those to analysis the detectability of targets in order to enable it detect target effectively.
Main research content and the results achieved in this paper are as follows:
(1). We developed 24-bit,high resoulution and low noise receiver .Analysised of noise source which interfered the analog channels of receiving system, according vertical layout of the plates to achieve low noise transmission of signals in analog channels. To improve the dynamic range of the system, we take use of the high repetitiveness of system, used two - stage amplifiers and filter, time-sharing collection and superposition to achieve the wide dynamic acquisition for system.To achieve the complete collection of signal, articles used theΣ-Δ24 - bit sampling unit with noise pressuring capacity to achieve low noise,high speed and high resolution acquisition of time domain electromagnetic signal.Combine with CPLD and IPC,it use VHDL and VC++ to write sample program and control sequence. It use absolute value estimated solution for superposition with equal number of bipolar signal.
(2). Use ground calibration system and other laboratory equipments to test the performance of receiver. At first,we take use standard signal source, wide band oscilloscope,ATEM-2 transmitter and other equipments to test frenquency band, repeatability,lowest equivalent background noise and minimum resolution of receiver.After that,we use ground calibration system to measure distortion rate and valid time of signal collected by receiver according to contrast actual second field and theoretical second field of calibration coil. Test results show, that the frequency band of receiver is 30KHz, average error of repetitiveness is less than 0.02%,the lowest equivalent background noise is 2μV, the minimum resolution of receiver is 2μV,the valid time are full time excluding shaking period,the average distortion rate is 1%.
(3). We researched full waveform electromagnetic response of layered ground. At first, according to the relation between second iuduced voltage excited by trapezoid wave and second iuduced magnetic excited by impact wave , we take use F.N.Kong241 point filters and Guptasarma filters to calculate second iuduced voltage in central loop and overlap loop,and initial field of three-dimension finite difference method.At last,we make“double rings”theory in equivalent to second iuduced voltage.
(4). Studied the three-dimension finite difference method for any source in time domain. the paper disperse emission current into small trapezoidal pulses with segmented superposition method,and transform second iuduced voltage excited by emission current into second iuduced voltage excited by several trapezoidal pulses in no source space after they switch off completed and several trapezoidal pulses in no source space.Then take them into source-free Maxwell equations as initial field,and transform source-free Maxwell equations into active Maxwell equations at Off-time at last.After these,we disperse electric field,magnetic field and their derivative by second-order central difference method in time domain and spatial domain.And convert continuous diffusion equations in to explicit discrete difference equations by introduce artificial item.We studied the stability conditions and boundary conditions of difference equations,and use Upward continuation method to calculate electromagnetic field in the air on ground-air interface.
(5). Analyse the resolving capacity to target underground of receiver.Utilizding the performance of receiver tested above and combine with full-waveform response of earth,according to absolute error of decay curve and inducd field of background,we analyse the detectability of receiver by center loop and overlapping loop method for homogeneous ground, two-dimensional layered earth,K-earth,H-earth, three-dimensional high and low resistance target in uniform half space, three-dimensional high and low resistance target in uniform half space covered with low resistance layer.At last,we take low resistance target in uniform half space as example,study the influence of radius of transmitter loop ,Switch-Off time and electromagnet interference in the wild for resolving capacity of receiver.
This innovations are reflected in the following areas:
(1). Develop 24-bit time-domain full-waveform ground electromagnetic receiver at first, Use ground calibration system to calibrate ground receiver ,study the degree of distortion of instrument in signal acquisition,test valid time of signal acquired by receiver,and provide reference for the actual detection of the receiver.
(2). Calculating the full-waveform second field of loop source within and outside the loop by combine Bessel function spread method and small argument asymptotes at first .
(3). Study the full-waveform time domain three-dimensional finite difference method, accomplish the calculation of full-waveform response in time domain for any transmitted waveform and arbitrary complex earth at first, lay the foundation for analysis of full-waveform time-domain electromagnetic response of the Earth .
(4). Combine with the performance of receiver,analyse the detectability of receiver for one-,two- and three-dimensional target by integral equation method and full-waveform time domain three-dimensional finite difference method, providing theoretical basis for Actual detection the wild.
针对以上问题,本文研制了全波形时间域接收系统,并对其探测能力进行分析:研究了接收机中各种干扰来源,采用垂直布局、分时放大、双次采集技术,结合具有压噪和数字滤波能力的高速Σ-Δ24位采集单元,研制了全波形时间域电磁接收机。完成仪器系统设计后,利用梯形波发射与阶跃波射的关系,采用积分方程法,研究了一维、二维大地全波形响应计算方法;以无源三维有限差分算法为基础,研究了适用于三维目标体全波形时间域电磁响应计算的任意源三维有限差分算法。采用实验室测试设备及地面标定系统对接收机性能进行测试,结合全波形响应算法,分析了接收系统对典型地电目标体的分辨能力。最后结合内蒙古某银铅锌矿的实测结果,证明了新型全波形时间域接收系统的有效性和准确性。
Electromagnetic detection is an effective method of detecting useful information underground in time domain in time domain. It is widely used not only in deep exploration of mineral resources,but also promoted in engineering investigation in recent years.The detection scale gradually range from shallow to deep areas of earth.Full waveform electromagnetic detection method in time domain explore earth during transitmitting current Switch-Off and fully closed.It collect and interpret the early signals which contain shallow information and late signals which contain deep information.Because above,it needs develop high speed,high resolution,low noise time-domain full-waveform electromagnetic receiver,and testing and calibrating its performance,analysising the detectability of targets in order to enable it detect target effectively.
For above problem,Supported of national 863 major scientific and technological research project“podded airborne electromagnetic helicopter survey system in time domain”,based on ATTEM-2 receiver and three-dimensional algorithm of step wave,this paper develop full-waveform,low noise,high resolution,high speed time-domain ground receiver.And it research one-,two-and three-dimensiona full-waveform electromagnetic response algorithm,refer to calibration method of airborn time-domain electromagnetic system, test and calibrate the performation of receiver,combine those to analysis the detectability of targets in order to enable it detect target effectively.
Main research content and the results achieved in this paper are as follows:
(1). We developed 24-bit,high resoulution and low noise receiver .Analysised of noise source which interfered the analog channels of receiving system, according vertical layout of the plates to achieve low noise transmission of signals in analog channels. To improve the dynamic range of the system, we take use of the high repetitiveness of system, used two - stage amplifiers and filter, time-sharing collection and superposition to achieve the wide dynamic acquisition for system.To achieve the complete collection of signal, articles used theΣ-Δ24 - bit sampling unit with noise pressuring capacity to achieve low noise,high speed and high resolution acquisition of time domain electromagnetic signal.Combine with CPLD and IPC,it use VHDL and VC++ to write sample program and control sequence. It use absolute value estimated solution for superposition with equal number of bipolar signal.
(2). Use ground calibration system and other laboratory equipments to test the performance of receiver. At first,we take use standard signal source, wide band oscilloscope,ATEM-2 transmitter and other equipments to test frenquency band, repeatability,lowest equivalent background noise and minimum resolution of receiver.After that,we use ground calibration system to measure distortion rate and valid time of signal collected by receiver according to contrast actual second field and theoretical second field of calibration coil. Test results show, that the frequency band of receiver is 30KHz, average error of repetitiveness is less than 0.02%,the lowest equivalent background noise is 2μV, the minimum resolution of receiver is 2μV,the valid time are full time excluding shaking period,the average distortion rate is 1%.
(3). We researched full waveform electromagnetic response of layered ground. At first, according to the relation between second iuduced voltage excited by trapezoid wave and second iuduced magnetic excited by impact wave , we take use F.N.Kong241 point filters and Guptasarma filters to calculate second iuduced voltage in central loop and overlap loop,and initial field of three-dimension finite difference method.At last,we make“double rings”theory in equivalent to second iuduced voltage.
(4). Studied the three-dimension finite difference method for any source in time domain. the paper disperse emission current into small trapezoidal pulses with segmented superposition method,and transform second iuduced voltage excited by emission current into second iuduced voltage excited by several trapezoidal pulses in no source space after they switch off completed and several trapezoidal pulses in no source space.Then take them into source-free Maxwell equations as initial field,and transform source-free Maxwell equations into active Maxwell equations at Off-time at last.After these,we disperse electric field,magnetic field and their derivative by second-order central difference method in time domain and spatial domain.And convert continuous diffusion equations in to explicit discrete difference equations by introduce artificial item.We studied the stability conditions and boundary conditions of difference equations,and use Upward continuation method to calculate electromagnetic field in the air on ground-air interface.
(5). Analyse the resolving capacity to target underground of receiver.Utilizding the performance of receiver tested above and combine with full-waveform response of earth,according to absolute error of decay curve and inducd field of background,we analyse the detectability of receiver by center loop and overlapping loop method for homogeneous ground, two-dimensional layered earth,K-earth,H-earth, three-dimensional high and low resistance target in uniform half space, three-dimensional high and low resistance target in uniform half space covered with low resistance layer.At last,we take low resistance target in uniform half space as example,study the influence of radius of transmitter loop ,Switch-Off time and electromagnet interference in the wild for resolving capacity of receiver.
This innovations are reflected in the following areas:
(1). Develop 24-bit time-domain full-waveform ground electromagnetic receiver at first, Use ground calibration system to calibrate ground receiver ,study the degree of distortion of instrument in signal acquisition,test valid time of signal acquired by receiver,and provide reference for the actual detection of the receiver.
(2). Calculating the full-waveform second field of loop source within and outside the loop by combine Bessel function spread method and small argument asymptotes at first .
(3). Study the full-waveform time domain three-dimensional finite difference method, accomplish the calculation of full-waveform response in time domain for any transmitted waveform and arbitrary complex earth at first, lay the foundation for analysis of full-waveform time-domain electromagnetic response of the Earth .
(4). Combine with the performance of receiver,analyse the detectability of receiver for one-,two- and three-dimensional target by integral equation method and full-waveform time domain three-dimensional finite difference method, providing theoretical basis for Actual detection the wild.
引文
[1]米萨克N.纳比吉安,赵经祥译,等.勘查地球物理电磁法[M].北京:地质出版社,1992.
[2]朴化荣.电磁测深原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1990
[3]牛之琏.时间域电磁法原理[M].长沙:中南工业大学出版社,1992
[4]李貅.瞬变电磁测深的理论与应用[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2002,9
[5]付良魁.电法勘探教程[M],北京:地质出版社,1983
[6] A.A.Kaufman,G.V.Kller,王建谋译码频率域和时间域电磁测深[M].北京:地质出版社,1987
[7]蒋邦远.实用近区磁源瞬变电磁法勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,1998
[8]陈载林,黄临平,陈玉梁.我国瞬变电磁法应用综述[J].铀矿地质,2010,26(1):51~54
[9]伍卓鹤,李新宁,陈泉芳,等.瞬变电磁法在矿产勘查中的应用研究[J].华南地震,2007,27(3):26~43
[10]薛国强,李貅,底青云.瞬变电磁法理论与应用研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22,(4):1195~1200
[11]熊涛.探究瞬变电磁法的应用题[J].知识经济,2010,14:100
[12]陕亮,许荣科,等.瞬变电磁法原理、现状及在矿产勘查中的应用浅析[J].地质与资源,2009,18(1):70~73
[13]钱美平,杨生,赵永刚.EM67瞬变电磁系统在附件某铅锌矿区勘探中的应用[C].第8届中国国际地球电磁学讨论会论文集,2007:357~363
[14]欧阳玉飞,刘继顺,董新,等.瞬变电磁法在丰山铜矿区找矿预测中的应用[J].甘肃冶金,2010,32(2):59~66
[15]李本茂,张学亮,史家良,等.云南茶树林铅锌矿电磁波找矿效果[J].云南地质,2007,26(2):257~263
[16]王京彬,姜俊,康吉昌,等.可可塔勒矿铅锌矿床找矿评价方法[J].新疆地质,2001,19(1):64~69
[17]徐贵东,黄继军,刘德君,等.瞬变电磁在吉林省红旗岭铜镍矿勘查中的应用[J].吉林地质,2010,29(4):79~82
[18]周小平,陈卫,阮百尧,等.瞬变电磁法在安徽某区寻找隐伏矿的应用[C].中国地球物理学会第22届年会.2006:198
[19]卢卯.瞬变电磁法在黔西北找矿成果的研究[C].第9届中国国际地球电磁学讨论会论文集,2009:140~147
[20]方根显,杨建春,杨亚新.瞬变电磁法在古河道型砂岩铀矿找矿中的应用[J].华东地质学院学报.2003.26(4):361~363
[21]罗小南,王振生,李玉芹,等.电磁法在某银多金属矿区深部找矿的应用[J].矿产保护与利用.2011,(2):13~16
[22]龚惠民,查文相,马瑞华,等.瞬变电磁法在断裂构造上的异常反映[J].中国煤田地质.2002,14(3):68~69
[23]孟庆鑫.瞬变电磁在煤田导水构造勘查上的应用[D].长安大学硕士毕业论文.2009
[24]严良俊,胡文宝,陈清礼,等.长偏移距瞬变电磁测深法在碳酸盐岩覆盖区落实局部构造的应用效果[J].地震地质,2001,23(2):271~276
[25]徐小连,刘金涛,周万勇.瞬变电磁法三分量信息在断裂构造解释中的应用探讨[J].资源环境与工程,2011,25(2):139~143
[26]李希宝,朱文,付茂如.矿井复杂地质构造综合探测技术应用研究[J].安徽理工大学学报,2010,30(3):13~16
[27]王志康.瞬变电磁与电阻率测深法在断裂勘查中的应用[J].山西科技,2011,26(2):88~89
[28]卢桂清,夏金儒,等.高密度电阻率法与瞬变电磁法在场地溶洞勘查中的综合应用[J].地探找矿丛论,2006,21(增刊):165~184
[29]卢国梁,侯志鹰.地质构造综合探测技术在塔山矿的应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2008,36(9):94~98
[30]陈长敬,黄理善,罗士新.隐伏断裂勘查中的综合地球物理方法[J].工程地球物理学报,2011,8(3):348~353
[31]黄力军,陆桂福,刘瑞德.电性源瞬变电磁法在煤田水文地质调查中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2004.1(2):174~177
[32]周先胜,昌修林.瞬变电磁法在矿井水文探测中的应用[J].煤炭现代化,2006,3:63~66
[33]花育才,孟红星.水文物探在探测老窑水及构造导含水的应用效果[C].煤矿安全与地球物理学术论文集.2006,31(增刊):77~81
[34]刘树才,岳建华,刘江.西部保水开采中的水文电法勘探技术[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(2):187~189
[35]郑凡东,刘学存,梁籍,等.瞬变电磁法和电测深法联合勘探技术在潮白河水文地质勘查中的应用[J].北京水务,2010,4:30~34
[36]蒋文,胡文贤.瞬变电磁法在甘肃寻找地下含水构造中的应用[J].物探与化探,2004,28(1):32~34
[37]郭文波,宋建平,曹捷,等.回线源瞬变电磁法在地质灾害调查中的应用[J].物探与化探,2006,30(4):327~329
[38]瞬变电磁法在四川某矿水害探测中的效果[C].四川省煤田地质局论文集,2010,3(30):70~71
[39]薛国强,张继令,郭振全,等.大回线源瞬变电磁法用于煤矿灾害地质调查的可行性[C].煤矿安全与地球物理学术研讨会,2006,31(增刊):38~41
[40]马志飞,马海明.物探方法在煤矿地质灾害勘查中的应用[J].中国矿业,2008,17(9):46~47
[41]于景邨,刘志新,等.深部采场突水构造矿井瞬变电磁探查理论及应用[J].煤炭学报,2007,22(2):586~592
[42]季一江,朱丽莉.瞬变电磁法在仇山矿区地质灾害评价中的应用[J].西部探矿工程,2008,12:151~153
[43]李小明,曹代勇,李永军,等.瞬变电磁法在矿井防治水中的应用[C].中国煤炭学会矿井地质专业委员会2008年学术论坛文集,2008:542~546
[44]李全,于景邨.采掘工作面顶板富水性矿井瞬变电磁探测技术研究[J].能源技术与管理,2005,3:15~16
[45]满在山,王档良,曾广东.矿井瞬变电磁法在新驿煤矿探水中的应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2009,37(4):106~109
[46]王武,赵林,刘广岳,等.瞬变电磁法(TEM)在多年冻土区的应用研究[J].冰川冻土,2011,33(1):156~163
[47]赵希刚,贺建国,赵翠萍,等.应用瞬变电磁测量资料分析麻黄泉地区地层结构及沉积环境[C].中国核学会2009年学术年会:246~250
[48]嵇艳鞠,林君,于生宝,等.ATEM瞬变电磁系统在长春市活断层勘探中的应用[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2005,35:99~103
[49]武军杰,吕国印,赵敬洗.瞬变电磁技术探测古墓陪葬金属器皿的应用效果[J].物探化探计算技术,2007,29(增刊):47~50
[50]段清波.秦始皇地陵的物探考古调查-“863”计划秦始皇陵物探考古进展情况的报告[J].西北大学学报,2005,35(1):79~86
[51] Fitlermen D V,Stewart M T.Transient electromagnetic Sounding for groundwater[J].Geophysics,1986,51(4):995~1006
[52] Hoekstra M T,Blohm P M,Evans L.Time Domain Electromagnetic Sounding for mapping seawater intrusion in Monterey County[J].Ground Water,1988,26:771~782
[53] Goldman M,Rabinovich B.Application of the integrated NMR-TDEM method in groundwater exploration in Israel[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,1994,31(4):27~52
[54]嵇艳鞠,林君,朱凯光,等.利用瞬变电磁技术进行地下水资源勘查[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(3):828~833
[55]张宝祥,刘春华,李勇.利用瞬变电磁法探测堤坝隐患[J].海河水利,1997,5:27~29
[56]戴定璇,丁进,马昌今,等.瞬变电磁法在工程地质勘查中的应用[J].物探与化探,1995,19(5):385~389
[57]张天宝,周良慧,等.瞬变电磁法在祝源隧道勘察中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2009,6(1):53~56
[58]吴有信.宜万铁路马鹿箐隧道瞬变电磁勘法勘查效果[J].工程地球物理学报,2007,4(1):21~26
[59]张林.小回线瞬变电磁测深勘查铝土矿试验[J].物探与化探.2007.31(2):124~128.
[60]张晓永.瞬变电磁法的中深部铝土矿预测研究[J].工程地球物理报,2005,(2):145~148
[61]叶敏生,张云.瞬变电磁法在内蒙古元山子镍矿勘查中的应用研究[J].宁夏工程技术,2007,6(1):54~56
[62]金中国,邹林,赵俭文.瞬变电磁法在黔西北猫猫厂铅锌矿区找矿中的应用[J].
[63]赵峰,李献民,宋阳,等.瞬变电磁法在准噶尔盆地南缘静校正中的应用[J].新疆石油地质,2007.28(2):222~225.
[64]唐新功,胡文宝,严良俊,等.瞬变电磁法油藏动态检测模拟[J].石油物探,2004,43(2):192~195
[65]黄力军,陆桂福,刘瑞德.电性源瞬变电磁法在油田上的应用研究[J].物探与化探,2005,28(8):316~318
[66]闫述,石显新,陈明生.华北型煤田水文地质电法勘探的深度问题[J].煤炭科学技术,2006,34(12):5~8
[67]石显新,闫述,陈明生.瞬变电磁勘探中的低阻层屏蔽问题[J].煤炭学报,2005,30(2):160~163
[68]石显新,李华,闫述,陈明生,等.深部高压水害隐患探测的井下电磁法技术[J].煤炭地质与勘探,2008,36(6):58~61
[69]李貅,武军杰,曹大明,等.一种隧道水体不良地质体超前地质预报方法-瞬变电磁法[J].工程勘察,2006,(3):70~75
[70]薛国强,宋建平,武军杰,等.瞬变电磁法探测公路隧道工程中的不良地质构造[J].长安大学学报(地球科学版).2003,25(4):73~79
[71]薛国强,李勇,杨静东.瞬变电磁法在公路地质勘查中的应用[J].石油仪器,2006,20(2):41~43
[72]薛国强,宋建平,马宇,等.用瞬变电磁法探测灰岩溶洞[J].长安大学学报(地球科学版),2003,25(2):50~53
[73]林君,王艳,易树平,等.TEM在内蒙古正镶白旗地区水文地质勘察中的应用[J].河海大学学报,2005,33(6):672~676
[74]林君,嵇艳鞠,于生宝,等.ATEM-2型瞬变电磁系统的实际应用[J].物探与化探,2004,28(6):496~499
[75]嵇艳鞠,林君,王忠,等.浅层瞬变电磁法中全程瞬变场的畸变研究[J].电波科学学报,2007,22(2):315~320
[76]于生宝,王忠,嵇艳鞠,等.瞬变电磁法浅层探测技术[J].电波科学学报,2006,21(2):283~287
[77]嵇艳鞠,林君,于生宝,ATTEM系统中电流关断期间瞬变电磁场响应求解的研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1884-1890
[78]吕国印.瞬变电磁法的现状与发展趋势[J].物探化探计算技术,2007,29(增刊):111~116
[79]王忠,黄跃,林君,等.高速、大动态范围瞬变电磁接收机的研制[J].仪器仪表学报,2006,27(4):416~419
[80] Edward. M S, Macnae J. Evaluating EM waveforms by singular-value decomposition of exponential basis functions .Geophysics [J]. 1998,63,1: 64~74.
[81] Macnae J, Davis A C. Surface Loop Monitoring of Airborne Electromagnetic Systems, SEG Int'l Exposition and 74th Annual Meeting , Denver, Colorado, 2004
[82] Davis A C, Macnae J. Quantifying AEM system characteristics using a ground loop,Geophysics[J]. 2008, 73(4):F179~F188.
[83] Yin C,Hodges G. Wire-loop surface conductor for airborne EM system testing. Geophysics[J].2009, 74,1 F1~F9.
[84] Jopie I.Adhidjiaja,Gerald,W.Hohmann,MichaelL.Oristaglio.Two-dimensional transient electrom-agnetic responses[J].Geophsics,1985,50(12):2849~2861
[85] Yee K S.Numerical solution of initial boundary value problems involving Maxwell equations in isotropic media[J].IEEE Trans.Antennas Propa-gat,May 1966,AP-14(3):302~307
[86] Tsili Wang and Gerald W.Hohmann. A finite - difference,time-domain solution for three-dimensiona lelectromagnetic modeling[J]. Geophsics, 1993,58(6):797~809
[87]闫述,陈明生,傅君眉.2002.瞬变电磁场的直接时域数值分析[J].地球物理学报,45(2):275~283.
[88]徐凯军,李桐林.时域瞬变场电磁场有限差分法[J].世界地质,2004,23(3): 301~305
[89]谭捍东,余钦范,John Booker,魏文博.大地电磁法三维交错采样有限差分数值模拟[J].地球物理学报, 2003,46(5):705~711.
[90]宋维琪,仝兆歧.3D瞬变电磁场的有限差分正演计算[J].石油地球物理勘探.2000,35(6):751~757.
[91] Yin,C.,Smith,R.S.,Hodges,G.,Annan,P.,Modeling resultsof on-and off-time B and dB/dt for time-domain airborne EM system,70th EAGE Conference and Exhibition,Extended Abstract,2008,H048
[92]白登海,Maxwell Meju.瞬变电磁法中两种关断电流对响应函数的影响及其应对策略[J].地震地质,2001,23(2):245~251.
[93]嵇艳鞠,栾卉,李肃义,等.全波形时间域航空电磁探测分辨率[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2011,41(3):885~891
[94] Balch S J,Boyko W P,Black G,et al.Mineral exploration with AeroTEM system[C].Expanded SEG International Exposition and Seventy-Second Annual Meeting.Salt Lake City:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2002:6~11
[95] Boyko W,Paterson N R,Kwan K.AeroTEM characteristics and field results[J].The leading Edge,2001,20(10):1130~1138
[96] Annan A P,Smith R S.Resistiver-limit time-domain AEM apparent conductivity[J].Geophysics,1996,61(1):93~99
[97] Smith R S.On the effect of varying the pulse width to detect high conductance bodies[J].Exploration Geophysics,1998(29):42~45
[98] Reid J E,Macnaez J C.Resistuve limit modeling of air-born electromagnetic data[J].Geophysics,2002,67(2):492~500
[99] mith R S,Balch S J.Robust estimation of band limited inductive limit response from impulse-response TEM measurements taken during the transmitter switch-off and the transmitter off-time:theory and an example from Voisey’s Bay,Labrador,Canada[J].Geophysics,2000,65(2):476~481.
[100] Balch S J.Boyko W P.The AeroTEM airnorn electromagnetic system.The 2000 Annual Meeting of society of exploration Geophysicists.Calgary:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2000
[101] Walker S E,Rudd J.Advanced processing of helicopter TEM data[C].5th International Conference on Airborne Electromagnetics.Finland:[s.n.],2008
[102]陈曙东.瞬变电磁接收系统的研究[D].吉林大学硕士论文
[103] Yangcheng Xu,Jun Lin,Yuan Wang,et al.Development of High Resolution and Low Noise Transient Electromagnetic Receiver[C].2011 International Conference on Electric Information and Control Engineering,2011,7(5839~5842)
[104]张静,罗丁利.Σ-ΔADC原理及应用[J].火控雷达技术,2006,35:10~13
[105] D.Guptasarma,B.singh.New digital linear filters for Hankel J0 and J1 transforms.Geophysical Prospecting[J],1997,45:745~762.
[106] F.N.Kong.Hankel transform filters for dipole antenna radiation in a conductive medium[J].Geophysical Prospecting,2007,55:83~89
[107] Guptasarma,D.Computation of the time-domain response of a polarizable ground[J], Geophysics, 1982, 47(11): 953~963.
[108] Misac N.Nabighian.Toward a three-dimensional automatic interpreta-tion of potential field data generalized Hilbert transforms:fundamental relations[J]. Geophsics,1984,49(6);780-786.
[109]葛德彪,闫玉波.电磁波时域有限差分方法[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.2002
[2]朴化荣.电磁测深原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1990
[3]牛之琏.时间域电磁法原理[M].长沙:中南工业大学出版社,1992
[4]李貅.瞬变电磁测深的理论与应用[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2002,9
[5]付良魁.电法勘探教程[M],北京:地质出版社,1983
[6] A.A.Kaufman,G.V.Kller,王建谋译码频率域和时间域电磁测深[M].北京:地质出版社,1987
[7]蒋邦远.实用近区磁源瞬变电磁法勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,1998
[8]陈载林,黄临平,陈玉梁.我国瞬变电磁法应用综述[J].铀矿地质,2010,26(1):51~54
[9]伍卓鹤,李新宁,陈泉芳,等.瞬变电磁法在矿产勘查中的应用研究[J].华南地震,2007,27(3):26~43
[10]薛国强,李貅,底青云.瞬变电磁法理论与应用研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22,(4):1195~1200
[11]熊涛.探究瞬变电磁法的应用题[J].知识经济,2010,14:100
[12]陕亮,许荣科,等.瞬变电磁法原理、现状及在矿产勘查中的应用浅析[J].地质与资源,2009,18(1):70~73
[13]钱美平,杨生,赵永刚.EM67瞬变电磁系统在附件某铅锌矿区勘探中的应用[C].第8届中国国际地球电磁学讨论会论文集,2007:357~363
[14]欧阳玉飞,刘继顺,董新,等.瞬变电磁法在丰山铜矿区找矿预测中的应用[J].甘肃冶金,2010,32(2):59~66
[15]李本茂,张学亮,史家良,等.云南茶树林铅锌矿电磁波找矿效果[J].云南地质,2007,26(2):257~263
[16]王京彬,姜俊,康吉昌,等.可可塔勒矿铅锌矿床找矿评价方法[J].新疆地质,2001,19(1):64~69
[17]徐贵东,黄继军,刘德君,等.瞬变电磁在吉林省红旗岭铜镍矿勘查中的应用[J].吉林地质,2010,29(4):79~82
[18]周小平,陈卫,阮百尧,等.瞬变电磁法在安徽某区寻找隐伏矿的应用[C].中国地球物理学会第22届年会.2006:198
[19]卢卯.瞬变电磁法在黔西北找矿成果的研究[C].第9届中国国际地球电磁学讨论会论文集,2009:140~147
[20]方根显,杨建春,杨亚新.瞬变电磁法在古河道型砂岩铀矿找矿中的应用[J].华东地质学院学报.2003.26(4):361~363
[21]罗小南,王振生,李玉芹,等.电磁法在某银多金属矿区深部找矿的应用[J].矿产保护与利用.2011,(2):13~16
[22]龚惠民,查文相,马瑞华,等.瞬变电磁法在断裂构造上的异常反映[J].中国煤田地质.2002,14(3):68~69
[23]孟庆鑫.瞬变电磁在煤田导水构造勘查上的应用[D].长安大学硕士毕业论文.2009
[24]严良俊,胡文宝,陈清礼,等.长偏移距瞬变电磁测深法在碳酸盐岩覆盖区落实局部构造的应用效果[J].地震地质,2001,23(2):271~276
[25]徐小连,刘金涛,周万勇.瞬变电磁法三分量信息在断裂构造解释中的应用探讨[J].资源环境与工程,2011,25(2):139~143
[26]李希宝,朱文,付茂如.矿井复杂地质构造综合探测技术应用研究[J].安徽理工大学学报,2010,30(3):13~16
[27]王志康.瞬变电磁与电阻率测深法在断裂勘查中的应用[J].山西科技,2011,26(2):88~89
[28]卢桂清,夏金儒,等.高密度电阻率法与瞬变电磁法在场地溶洞勘查中的综合应用[J].地探找矿丛论,2006,21(增刊):165~184
[29]卢国梁,侯志鹰.地质构造综合探测技术在塔山矿的应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2008,36(9):94~98
[30]陈长敬,黄理善,罗士新.隐伏断裂勘查中的综合地球物理方法[J].工程地球物理学报,2011,8(3):348~353
[31]黄力军,陆桂福,刘瑞德.电性源瞬变电磁法在煤田水文地质调查中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2004.1(2):174~177
[32]周先胜,昌修林.瞬变电磁法在矿井水文探测中的应用[J].煤炭现代化,2006,3:63~66
[33]花育才,孟红星.水文物探在探测老窑水及构造导含水的应用效果[C].煤矿安全与地球物理学术论文集.2006,31(增刊):77~81
[34]刘树才,岳建华,刘江.西部保水开采中的水文电法勘探技术[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(2):187~189
[35]郑凡东,刘学存,梁籍,等.瞬变电磁法和电测深法联合勘探技术在潮白河水文地质勘查中的应用[J].北京水务,2010,4:30~34
[36]蒋文,胡文贤.瞬变电磁法在甘肃寻找地下含水构造中的应用[J].物探与化探,2004,28(1):32~34
[37]郭文波,宋建平,曹捷,等.回线源瞬变电磁法在地质灾害调查中的应用[J].物探与化探,2006,30(4):327~329
[38]瞬变电磁法在四川某矿水害探测中的效果[C].四川省煤田地质局论文集,2010,3(30):70~71
[39]薛国强,张继令,郭振全,等.大回线源瞬变电磁法用于煤矿灾害地质调查的可行性[C].煤矿安全与地球物理学术研讨会,2006,31(增刊):38~41
[40]马志飞,马海明.物探方法在煤矿地质灾害勘查中的应用[J].中国矿业,2008,17(9):46~47
[41]于景邨,刘志新,等.深部采场突水构造矿井瞬变电磁探查理论及应用[J].煤炭学报,2007,22(2):586~592
[42]季一江,朱丽莉.瞬变电磁法在仇山矿区地质灾害评价中的应用[J].西部探矿工程,2008,12:151~153
[43]李小明,曹代勇,李永军,等.瞬变电磁法在矿井防治水中的应用[C].中国煤炭学会矿井地质专业委员会2008年学术论坛文集,2008:542~546
[44]李全,于景邨.采掘工作面顶板富水性矿井瞬变电磁探测技术研究[J].能源技术与管理,2005,3:15~16
[45]满在山,王档良,曾广东.矿井瞬变电磁法在新驿煤矿探水中的应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2009,37(4):106~109
[46]王武,赵林,刘广岳,等.瞬变电磁法(TEM)在多年冻土区的应用研究[J].冰川冻土,2011,33(1):156~163
[47]赵希刚,贺建国,赵翠萍,等.应用瞬变电磁测量资料分析麻黄泉地区地层结构及沉积环境[C].中国核学会2009年学术年会:246~250
[48]嵇艳鞠,林君,于生宝,等.ATEM瞬变电磁系统在长春市活断层勘探中的应用[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2005,35:99~103
[49]武军杰,吕国印,赵敬洗.瞬变电磁技术探测古墓陪葬金属器皿的应用效果[J].物探化探计算技术,2007,29(增刊):47~50
[50]段清波.秦始皇地陵的物探考古调查-“863”计划秦始皇陵物探考古进展情况的报告[J].西北大学学报,2005,35(1):79~86
[51] Fitlermen D V,Stewart M T.Transient electromagnetic Sounding for groundwater[J].Geophysics,1986,51(4):995~1006
[52] Hoekstra M T,Blohm P M,Evans L.Time Domain Electromagnetic Sounding for mapping seawater intrusion in Monterey County[J].Ground Water,1988,26:771~782
[53] Goldman M,Rabinovich B.Application of the integrated NMR-TDEM method in groundwater exploration in Israel[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,1994,31(4):27~52
[54]嵇艳鞠,林君,朱凯光,等.利用瞬变电磁技术进行地下水资源勘查[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(3):828~833
[55]张宝祥,刘春华,李勇.利用瞬变电磁法探测堤坝隐患[J].海河水利,1997,5:27~29
[56]戴定璇,丁进,马昌今,等.瞬变电磁法在工程地质勘查中的应用[J].物探与化探,1995,19(5):385~389
[57]张天宝,周良慧,等.瞬变电磁法在祝源隧道勘察中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2009,6(1):53~56
[58]吴有信.宜万铁路马鹿箐隧道瞬变电磁勘法勘查效果[J].工程地球物理学报,2007,4(1):21~26
[59]张林.小回线瞬变电磁测深勘查铝土矿试验[J].物探与化探.2007.31(2):124~128.
[60]张晓永.瞬变电磁法的中深部铝土矿预测研究[J].工程地球物理报,2005,(2):145~148
[61]叶敏生,张云.瞬变电磁法在内蒙古元山子镍矿勘查中的应用研究[J].宁夏工程技术,2007,6(1):54~56
[62]金中国,邹林,赵俭文.瞬变电磁法在黔西北猫猫厂铅锌矿区找矿中的应用[J].
[63]赵峰,李献民,宋阳,等.瞬变电磁法在准噶尔盆地南缘静校正中的应用[J].新疆石油地质,2007.28(2):222~225.
[64]唐新功,胡文宝,严良俊,等.瞬变电磁法油藏动态检测模拟[J].石油物探,2004,43(2):192~195
[65]黄力军,陆桂福,刘瑞德.电性源瞬变电磁法在油田上的应用研究[J].物探与化探,2005,28(8):316~318
[66]闫述,石显新,陈明生.华北型煤田水文地质电法勘探的深度问题[J].煤炭科学技术,2006,34(12):5~8
[67]石显新,闫述,陈明生.瞬变电磁勘探中的低阻层屏蔽问题[J].煤炭学报,2005,30(2):160~163
[68]石显新,李华,闫述,陈明生,等.深部高压水害隐患探测的井下电磁法技术[J].煤炭地质与勘探,2008,36(6):58~61
[69]李貅,武军杰,曹大明,等.一种隧道水体不良地质体超前地质预报方法-瞬变电磁法[J].工程勘察,2006,(3):70~75
[70]薛国强,宋建平,武军杰,等.瞬变电磁法探测公路隧道工程中的不良地质构造[J].长安大学学报(地球科学版).2003,25(4):73~79
[71]薛国强,李勇,杨静东.瞬变电磁法在公路地质勘查中的应用[J].石油仪器,2006,20(2):41~43
[72]薛国强,宋建平,马宇,等.用瞬变电磁法探测灰岩溶洞[J].长安大学学报(地球科学版),2003,25(2):50~53
[73]林君,王艳,易树平,等.TEM在内蒙古正镶白旗地区水文地质勘察中的应用[J].河海大学学报,2005,33(6):672~676
[74]林君,嵇艳鞠,于生宝,等.ATEM-2型瞬变电磁系统的实际应用[J].物探与化探,2004,28(6):496~499
[75]嵇艳鞠,林君,王忠,等.浅层瞬变电磁法中全程瞬变场的畸变研究[J].电波科学学报,2007,22(2):315~320
[76]于生宝,王忠,嵇艳鞠,等.瞬变电磁法浅层探测技术[J].电波科学学报,2006,21(2):283~287
[77]嵇艳鞠,林君,于生宝,ATTEM系统中电流关断期间瞬变电磁场响应求解的研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1884-1890
[78]吕国印.瞬变电磁法的现状与发展趋势[J].物探化探计算技术,2007,29(增刊):111~116
[79]王忠,黄跃,林君,等.高速、大动态范围瞬变电磁接收机的研制[J].仪器仪表学报,2006,27(4):416~419
[80] Edward. M S, Macnae J. Evaluating EM waveforms by singular-value decomposition of exponential basis functions .Geophysics [J]. 1998,63,1: 64~74.
[81] Macnae J, Davis A C. Surface Loop Monitoring of Airborne Electromagnetic Systems, SEG Int'l Exposition and 74th Annual Meeting , Denver, Colorado, 2004
[82] Davis A C, Macnae J. Quantifying AEM system characteristics using a ground loop,Geophysics[J]. 2008, 73(4):F179~F188.
[83] Yin C,Hodges G. Wire-loop surface conductor for airborne EM system testing. Geophysics[J].2009, 74,1 F1~F9.
[84] Jopie I.Adhidjiaja,Gerald,W.Hohmann,MichaelL.Oristaglio.Two-dimensional transient electrom-agnetic responses[J].Geophsics,1985,50(12):2849~2861
[85] Yee K S.Numerical solution of initial boundary value problems involving Maxwell equations in isotropic media[J].IEEE Trans.Antennas Propa-gat,May 1966,AP-14(3):302~307
[86] Tsili Wang and Gerald W.Hohmann. A finite - difference,time-domain solution for three-dimensiona lelectromagnetic modeling[J]. Geophsics, 1993,58(6):797~809
[87]闫述,陈明生,傅君眉.2002.瞬变电磁场的直接时域数值分析[J].地球物理学报,45(2):275~283.
[88]徐凯军,李桐林.时域瞬变场电磁场有限差分法[J].世界地质,2004,23(3): 301~305
[89]谭捍东,余钦范,John Booker,魏文博.大地电磁法三维交错采样有限差分数值模拟[J].地球物理学报, 2003,46(5):705~711.
[90]宋维琪,仝兆歧.3D瞬变电磁场的有限差分正演计算[J].石油地球物理勘探.2000,35(6):751~757.
[91] Yin,C.,Smith,R.S.,Hodges,G.,Annan,P.,Modeling resultsof on-and off-time B and dB/dt for time-domain airborne EM system,70th EAGE Conference and Exhibition,Extended Abstract,2008,H048
[92]白登海,Maxwell Meju.瞬变电磁法中两种关断电流对响应函数的影响及其应对策略[J].地震地质,2001,23(2):245~251.
[93]嵇艳鞠,栾卉,李肃义,等.全波形时间域航空电磁探测分辨率[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2011,41(3):885~891
[94] Balch S J,Boyko W P,Black G,et al.Mineral exploration with AeroTEM system[C].Expanded SEG International Exposition and Seventy-Second Annual Meeting.Salt Lake City:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2002:6~11
[95] Boyko W,Paterson N R,Kwan K.AeroTEM characteristics and field results[J].The leading Edge,2001,20(10):1130~1138
[96] Annan A P,Smith R S.Resistiver-limit time-domain AEM apparent conductivity[J].Geophysics,1996,61(1):93~99
[97] Smith R S.On the effect of varying the pulse width to detect high conductance bodies[J].Exploration Geophysics,1998(29):42~45
[98] Reid J E,Macnaez J C.Resistuve limit modeling of air-born electromagnetic data[J].Geophysics,2002,67(2):492~500
[99] mith R S,Balch S J.Robust estimation of band limited inductive limit response from impulse-response TEM measurements taken during the transmitter switch-off and the transmitter off-time:theory and an example from Voisey’s Bay,Labrador,Canada[J].Geophysics,2000,65(2):476~481.
[100] Balch S J.Boyko W P.The AeroTEM airnorn electromagnetic system.The 2000 Annual Meeting of society of exploration Geophysicists.Calgary:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2000
[101] Walker S E,Rudd J.Advanced processing of helicopter TEM data[C].5th International Conference on Airborne Electromagnetics.Finland:[s.n.],2008
[102]陈曙东.瞬变电磁接收系统的研究[D].吉林大学硕士论文
[103] Yangcheng Xu,Jun Lin,Yuan Wang,et al.Development of High Resolution and Low Noise Transient Electromagnetic Receiver[C].2011 International Conference on Electric Information and Control Engineering,2011,7(5839~5842)
[104]张静,罗丁利.Σ-ΔADC原理及应用[J].火控雷达技术,2006,35:10~13
[105] D.Guptasarma,B.singh.New digital linear filters for Hankel J0 and J1 transforms.Geophysical Prospecting[J],1997,45:745~762.
[106] F.N.Kong.Hankel transform filters for dipole antenna radiation in a conductive medium[J].Geophysical Prospecting,2007,55:83~89
[107] Guptasarma,D.Computation of the time-domain response of a polarizable ground[J], Geophysics, 1982, 47(11): 953~963.
[108] Misac N.Nabighian.Toward a three-dimensional automatic interpreta-tion of potential field data generalized Hilbert transforms:fundamental relations[J]. Geophsics,1984,49(6);780-786.
[109]葛德彪,闫玉波.电磁波时域有限差分方法[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.2002