首都机场行李中转系统故障诊断的智能化研究
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摘要
首都机场位于我国的首都北京，民航业务繁忙。但是，国际、国内的中转旅客办理中转手续时需要手提行李从一楼到二楼，这样带来了很多的麻烦。行李中转系统的设计就是为了解决这一问题。任何设备在其运行过程中都可能产生故障，在行李中转系统设计的过程中，一个很重要的问题就是系统故障的实时诊断。
由于PLC(可编程逻辑控制器)具有编程容易、通用性强、可靠性高、控制系统构成简单、维护方便等优点，用它来进行控制系统的设计很方便。但是，由于目前的PLC产品不具备自动获取和存储专家知识的功能，所采用的编程语言无法完成计算推理功能，所以在行李中转系统故障诊断中采用的是以上位计算机和PLC构成的故障诊断结构。将PLC与计算机进行通讯，充分发挥了计算机的优势。监控计算机将PLC采集到的故障信息进行分析与处理，显示出故障发生的设备、位置、原因等信息，提高了系统故障诊断的自动化程度。
本文首先对首都机场行李中转系统的整体结构作了简要的介绍，然后阐述了PLC与计算机之间的串行通讯技术，通过通讯模块，监控计算机可以向PLC发出读写命令，随时掌握中转设备的工作状况。
论文重点介绍了行李中转系统故障诊断的原理和方法，特别是使用计算机处理PLC采集到现场的故障信息。为了得到准确的故障发生源，降低监控软件的运算量，提高故障诊断的效率和准确率，将故障层次分析法用于行李中转系统的故障诊断。根据PLC端口的故障信号由监控计算机进行运算得到诊断结果，再以图形方式在计算机屏幕上显示故障、进行报警。Windows以其友好丰富的图形用户界面、简单灵活的操作，被越来越多的用户所接受。因此在监控计算机上采用Windows运行环境，用Visual Basic语言编写故障诊断和图形显示程序。
此外，论文还介绍了神经网络的基本理论，并运用BP神经网络进行中转系统电机的故障诊断中，然后举例说明BP网络的训练过程和电机故障模式识别的方法。
The capital airport locates in the capital Beijing of our country, the business of civil aviaton is busy. However, the overseas and civil travellers have to carry baggage from the first floor to the second floor when they proceed the transfering procedure, which brings up a lot of troubles. The baggage transfering system is designed to solve this problem. The fault may occur in any equipment when it runs, so a very important problem is the real-time fault diagnosis in the design of the baggage transfering system.
The PLC( Programmable Logic Controller) has the advantages such as easily programming, good generality, high reliability, simple configuration of the control system and convenient maintenance etc., so it is convenient to use it to design the control system. But, the current PLC products do not have the function to automatically obtain and store the experts' knowledge, and the program language which is adopted can't complete the computing and reasoning, therefore we adopt the diagnosis configuration which is made up of PLC and upper computer in the fault diagnosis of the baggage transfering system. The PLC is communicated to the computer, which can full exert the advantage of the computer. The supervise computer analyses and process the fault information which is collected by the PLC, and display the information such as the equipment, location and reason etc. when the fault occurs, and increase the automation degree of the system fault diagnosis.
This paper first introduces the whole construction of the baggage transfering system in the capital airport, then describes the serial communication technique of the PLC and the computer. The supervise computer can send the reading and writing order to the PLC through the communication module, so it can know the status of the transfering equipments at any time.
The paper pay more attention to the principle and the method of the fault diagnosis of the baggage transfering system especially using the computer to process the information which is collected by the PLC from the working place. In
order to know the accurate location of the fault source, lower the calculating quantity of the supervise software, and increase the efficiency and accurate rate of the fault diagnosis, the level analyzing method is used in the fault diagnosis of the baggage transfering system. According to the information got from the PLC ports, the supervise computer calculates it and gets the result, then displays the fault and alerts in the graphics on the computer screen. Windows operating system is being accepted by more and more users, because of its beautiful graphical user interface and simple and flexible operation. Therefore Windows operating system is adopted in the supervise computer, and use the Visual Basic language to design the procedure of the fault diagnosis and the graphical display.
In addition, the paper introduces the basic theory of the nerve network, and applies the BP nerve network in the fault diagnosis of the motors of the transfering system, then uses an example to illustrate the BP network training process and the method which can be used to identify the fault mode of the motors.
由于PLC(可编程逻辑控制器)具有编程容易、通用性强、可靠性高、控制系统构成简单、维护方便等优点，用它来进行控制系统的设计很方便。但是，由于目前的PLC产品不具备自动获取和存储专家知识的功能，所采用的编程语言无法完成计算推理功能，所以在行李中转系统故障诊断中采用的是以上位计算机和PLC构成的故障诊断结构。将PLC与计算机进行通讯，充分发挥了计算机的优势。监控计算机将PLC采集到的故障信息进行分析与处理，显示出故障发生的设备、位置、原因等信息，提高了系统故障诊断的自动化程度。
本文首先对首都机场行李中转系统的整体结构作了简要的介绍，然后阐述了PLC与计算机之间的串行通讯技术，通过通讯模块，监控计算机可以向PLC发出读写命令，随时掌握中转设备的工作状况。
论文重点介绍了行李中转系统故障诊断的原理和方法，特别是使用计算机处理PLC采集到现场的故障信息。为了得到准确的故障发生源，降低监控软件的运算量，提高故障诊断的效率和准确率，将故障层次分析法用于行李中转系统的故障诊断。根据PLC端口的故障信号由监控计算机进行运算得到诊断结果，再以图形方式在计算机屏幕上显示故障、进行报警。Windows以其友好丰富的图形用户界面、简单灵活的操作，被越来越多的用户所接受。因此在监控计算机上采用Windows运行环境，用Visual Basic语言编写故障诊断和图形显示程序。
此外，论文还介绍了神经网络的基本理论，并运用BP神经网络进行中转系统电机的故障诊断中，然后举例说明BP网络的训练过程和电机故障模式识别的方法。
The capital airport locates in the capital Beijing of our country, the business of civil aviaton is busy. However, the overseas and civil travellers have to carry baggage from the first floor to the second floor when they proceed the transfering procedure, which brings up a lot of troubles. The baggage transfering system is designed to solve this problem. The fault may occur in any equipment when it runs, so a very important problem is the real-time fault diagnosis in the design of the baggage transfering system.
The PLC( Programmable Logic Controller) has the advantages such as easily programming, good generality, high reliability, simple configuration of the control system and convenient maintenance etc., so it is convenient to use it to design the control system. But, the current PLC products do not have the function to automatically obtain and store the experts' knowledge, and the program language which is adopted can't complete the computing and reasoning, therefore we adopt the diagnosis configuration which is made up of PLC and upper computer in the fault diagnosis of the baggage transfering system. The PLC is communicated to the computer, which can full exert the advantage of the computer. The supervise computer analyses and process the fault information which is collected by the PLC, and display the information such as the equipment, location and reason etc. when the fault occurs, and increase the automation degree of the system fault diagnosis.
This paper first introduces the whole construction of the baggage transfering system in the capital airport, then describes the serial communication technique of the PLC and the computer. The supervise computer can send the reading and writing order to the PLC through the communication module, so it can know the status of the transfering equipments at any time.
The paper pay more attention to the principle and the method of the fault diagnosis of the baggage transfering system especially using the computer to process the information which is collected by the PLC from the working place. In
order to know the accurate location of the fault source, lower the calculating quantity of the supervise software, and increase the efficiency and accurate rate of the fault diagnosis, the level analyzing method is used in the fault diagnosis of the baggage transfering system. According to the information got from the PLC ports, the supervise computer calculates it and gets the result, then displays the fault and alerts in the graphics on the computer screen. Windows operating system is being accepted by more and more users, because of its beautiful graphical user interface and simple and flexible operation. Therefore Windows operating system is adopted in the supervise computer, and use the Visual Basic language to design the procedure of the fault diagnosis and the graphical display.
In addition, the paper introduces the basic theory of the nerve network, and applies the BP nerve network in the fault diagnosis of the motors of the transfering system, then uses an example to illustrate the BP network training process and the method which can be used to identify the fault mode of the motors.
引文
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[2]蔡自兴，徐光佑．人工智能及其应用(第二版)．清华大学出版社，1996年5月
[3]陈宇．可编程控制器基础及编程技巧．华南理工大学，1999年1月
[4]陈绍华．机电设备电气控制．华南理工大学，2000年1月
[5]杨天玉．用VB实现微机与三菱A系列PLC之间的串行通信．电气自动化，2000(3)
[6]田瑞庭．可编程序控制器应用技术．机械工业出版社，1994年7月
[7]孙强，许开君，李炳彦．工业PC和PLC通讯设计．西安理工大学学报，1994(2)第10卷
[8]徐沪萍．在Windows下上位机与PLC串行通信的设计与实现．交通与计算机，2001(2)
[9]岳祖洲．人工神经网络的发展．应用光学，1994(2)第15卷
[10]闻新，张洪钺，周露．控制系统的故障诊断和容错控制．机械工业出版社，1998年8月
[11]李家启，刘振闻．电机应用技术．大连海事大学出版社，1994年9月
[12]闻新，周露，王丹力，等．MATLAB神经网络应用设计．科学出版社，2000年9月
[13]杜设亮，傅建中等．基于BP神经网络的齿轮诊断系统研究．机电工程，1999(5)
[14]邱阿瑞，孙健．电机故障模式识别与诊断．清华大学学报，1999(3)
[15]袁任光．可编程序控制器(PC)应用技术与实例．华南理工大学，2001年3月
[16]沈标正．电机故障诊断技术．机械工业出版社，1997年5月
[17]陈三宝等．现代港口物流装备的PLC控制及计算机监控系统．物流技术，2001(2)
[18]王道荣，林信成．Visual Basic6数据库处理从入门到精通．北京：中国铁道出版社，2000年9月
[19]Steven Holzner著，详实翻译组译．Visual Basic6技术内幕．机械工业出版社，1999年4月
[20]马鸿飞，于革刚，张书立，等．PLC的网络通信在工业现场控制中的应用．测控技术，2001．20(3)：37～38
[21]应力，褚建新．基于PLC网络的输煤控制系统故障征判别方法与实现．机电工程，2001．18(1)：27～28
[22]陈彦，王红．以计算机+PLC构成的钢坯温度自动监控系统．自动化仪器仪表，2001(3)：42～45
[23]杨颂，邱云超，费敏锐．Windows环境下实现串行通信的3种常用方法及比较．自动化仪表，2000．15(4)：1～4
[24]曲洪叔，关学忠，曾凡军，等．Windows95下利用VB实现实时数据采集．自动化技术与应用，2001．19(1)：40～41
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