静电纺丝法制备聚合物复合纳米纤维及其功能化研究
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摘要
高分子及高分子共混物的相行为和相结构研究，特别是结晶/非晶（结晶-非晶嵌段共聚物）共混体系的相行为和相结构研究，无论对于基础研究领域，还是应用技术研究领域来说都是非常重要的。鉴于此，近些年来结晶/非晶高分子共混物体系研究得到了很大的发展。但在高压静电纺丝体系中其结晶性和相容性的考察仍为空白。
在本论文中，通过对聚苯乙烯（PS），聚乙二醇（PEG）以及聚苯乙烯/聚乙二醇（PS/PEG）共混物的纺丝的研究，初步探索了PS，PEG以及PS/PEG共混物中各组分含量对纺丝形态的影响，并进行了原子转移自由基聚合法合成出具有两亲性的嵌段共聚物聚乙二醇-b-聚苯乙烯（PEG-b-PS）研究，考察了聚乙二醇-b-聚苯乙烯嵌段共聚物作为PS/PEG的增容剂时对静电纺丝形态以及相行为的影响。
同时还选取了一种功能性聚合物材料聚4-乙烯基吡啶作为电纺丝的基体材料，通过电纺丝过程制备了纳米聚4-乙烯基吡啶纤维。把金纳米粒子负载在聚4-乙烯基吡啶纳米纤维表面，得到一种新的复合纤维。对其进行了化学交联处理，提高了聚4-乙烯基吡啶纤维的稳定性，对这种金纳米粒子复合纤维在催化方面的应用也做了一些探索。
Electrospinning is a facile and versatile method for preparing continuous polymericand composite fibers with diameters ranging from a few nanometers to severalmicrometers. Electrospinning technique uses an electrical field to draw very fine（typically on the micro or nano scale） fibers from a polymer solution or moltenpolymer. The process of electrospining does not require the use of coagulationchemistry or high temperatures to produce solid threads from solution， which makesthe process particularly suited to the production of fibers using large and complexmolecules. Due to these advantages, the electrospun fibers have been widely used inmany areas, such as such as catalysis, filtration, absorption, sensor, drug deliverysystem, etc.
In chapter1, we first give an introduction of the electrospinning technique in terms ofits historical, current, and future research tendency as well as its practical applications.We also introduce the basic principle of the electrospinning process theoretically, byanalyzing the generation of the capillary jet flow, the stretch of the jet, and theinstability of the jet. We also discussed the effect of the precursor material,concentration, and the external environment on the morphology of the electrospunfibers. At last, we also summarized the applications of the electrospun fibers andestablished the research focus of this thesis.
In chapter2, we studied the electrospining of polystyrene andpolystyrene/polyethylene glycol blend, and prepared electrospun polystyrene andpolystyrene/polyethylene glycol composite fibers.The effects of the solution concentration of PS and the addition of PEG into the PS solution on fiber morphologywere discussed. By adjusting the concentration of PS solution, different morphologiesof PS from beads to beads-on-fibers, and fibers were obtained. By using opticalmicroscopy, it was found that PS with a concentration of25wt%could lead to fiberswith well-defined morphology. Furthermore, polyethylene glycol was then added tothe PS solution with the optimized concentration of25wt%, and electrospinning ofPS/PEG blend was conducted.By using polarized microscope observation, it wasfound that core-shell structured PS-PEG fibers were obtained after theelectrospinning.
In chapter3, we have synthesized the block copolymer of PEG-b-PS by using ATRPmethod. The as-synthesized the PEG-b-PS block copolymer was characterized by theFTIR,1H-NMR and GPC. Furthermore, by using this PEG-b-PS block copolymer asa solubilizing agent added to PS/PEG blend, homogeneous electrospun fibers withoutphase separation were obtained.
In chapter4, catalytic nanofibers are prepared by the immobilization of Aunanoparticles （AuNPs） onto the surface of cross-linked electrospun poly（4-vinylpyridine）（P4VP） nanofibers.The crosslinking of the P4VP nanofibers by1,4-diiodobutane via quaternizationreaction greatly enhances the stability of thenanofibers against the solventdissolution, which can be then used as promisingplatform for the immobilization ofcatalytic metal nanoparticles. The AuNPsimmobilized cross-linked P4VP nanofibershas shown a good catalytic activity for thereduction of4-nitrophenol （4-NP） to4-aminophenol （4-AP）.
在本论文中，通过对聚苯乙烯（PS），聚乙二醇（PEG）以及聚苯乙烯/聚乙二醇（PS/PEG）共混物的纺丝的研究，初步探索了PS，PEG以及PS/PEG共混物中各组分含量对纺丝形态的影响，并进行了原子转移自由基聚合法合成出具有两亲性的嵌段共聚物聚乙二醇-b-聚苯乙烯（PEG-b-PS）研究，考察了聚乙二醇-b-聚苯乙烯嵌段共聚物作为PS/PEG的增容剂时对静电纺丝形态以及相行为的影响。
同时还选取了一种功能性聚合物材料聚4-乙烯基吡啶作为电纺丝的基体材料，通过电纺丝过程制备了纳米聚4-乙烯基吡啶纤维。把金纳米粒子负载在聚4-乙烯基吡啶纳米纤维表面，得到一种新的复合纤维。对其进行了化学交联处理，提高了聚4-乙烯基吡啶纤维的稳定性，对这种金纳米粒子复合纤维在催化方面的应用也做了一些探索。
Electrospinning is a facile and versatile method for preparing continuous polymericand composite fibers with diameters ranging from a few nanometers to severalmicrometers. Electrospinning technique uses an electrical field to draw very fine（typically on the micro or nano scale） fibers from a polymer solution or moltenpolymer. The process of electrospining does not require the use of coagulationchemistry or high temperatures to produce solid threads from solution， which makesthe process particularly suited to the production of fibers using large and complexmolecules. Due to these advantages, the electrospun fibers have been widely used inmany areas, such as such as catalysis, filtration, absorption, sensor, drug deliverysystem, etc.
In chapter1, we first give an introduction of the electrospinning technique in terms ofits historical, current, and future research tendency as well as its practical applications.We also introduce the basic principle of the electrospinning process theoretically, byanalyzing the generation of the capillary jet flow, the stretch of the jet, and theinstability of the jet. We also discussed the effect of the precursor material,concentration, and the external environment on the morphology of the electrospunfibers. At last, we also summarized the applications of the electrospun fibers andestablished the research focus of this thesis.
In chapter2, we studied the electrospining of polystyrene andpolystyrene/polyethylene glycol blend, and prepared electrospun polystyrene andpolystyrene/polyethylene glycol composite fibers.The effects of the solution concentration of PS and the addition of PEG into the PS solution on fiber morphologywere discussed. By adjusting the concentration of PS solution, different morphologiesof PS from beads to beads-on-fibers, and fibers were obtained. By using opticalmicroscopy, it was found that PS with a concentration of25wt%could lead to fiberswith well-defined morphology. Furthermore, polyethylene glycol was then added tothe PS solution with the optimized concentration of25wt%, and electrospinning ofPS/PEG blend was conducted.By using polarized microscope observation, it wasfound that core-shell structured PS-PEG fibers were obtained after theelectrospinning.
In chapter3, we have synthesized the block copolymer of PEG-b-PS by using ATRPmethod. The as-synthesized the PEG-b-PS block copolymer was characterized by theFTIR,1H-NMR and GPC. Furthermore, by using this PEG-b-PS block copolymer asa solubilizing agent added to PS/PEG blend, homogeneous electrospun fibers withoutphase separation were obtained.
In chapter4, catalytic nanofibers are prepared by the immobilization of Aunanoparticles （AuNPs） onto the surface of cross-linked electrospun poly（4-vinylpyridine）（P4VP） nanofibers.The crosslinking of the P4VP nanofibers by1,4-diiodobutane via quaternizationreaction greatly enhances the stability of thenanofibers against the solventdissolution, which can be then used as promisingplatform for the immobilization ofcatalytic metal nanoparticles. The AuNPsimmobilized cross-linked P4VP nanofibershas shown a good catalytic activity for thereduction of4-nitrophenol （4-NP） to4-aminophenol （4-AP）.
引文
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