铒镱共掺光纤放大器的研究
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摘要
光纤放大器是实现全光型光纤通信的关键性部件,目前掺铒光纤放大器已经广泛应用了。但是掺铒光纤在经过短光纤时候不能提供更大的泵浦吸收,并且结构复杂、效率也低。铒镱共掺光纤是一个有效实现的方法。Yb~(3+)有更广泛的吸收频谱(800～1100 nm),同时提供大增益,对性能更优的光纤放大器的研究是发展超高速率、大容量、长距离光纤通信系统的重要组成部分,这就要求光纤放大器朝着小型化、集成化、大功率、高宽带、增益平坦的方向发展。
本文研究铒与镱共掺杂光纤离子浓度和掺杂比例对光纤光谱性能的影响。EDF的吸收与铒离子掺杂浓度以及铒离子与镱的掺杂比例有关,加入镱离子可以加宽EDF的吸收带。通过研究Er~(3+)浓度、Yb~(3+)浓度、抽运光功率、光纤长度对放大器增益的影响,并与单掺铒光纤放大器进行了比较,表明共掺光纤的增益和效率明显高于单掺铒光纤。
对Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)共掺双包层光纤放大器进行了软件仿真和实验研究。重点对铒镱共掺光纤放大器的光纤长度、铒镱离子浓度、泵浦功率、噪声系数等做了仿真和试验研究。最后用Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)共掺双包层光纤,泵浦源的波长为980nm,最大输出功率为2.46W。得到输出激光的波长为1550nm,最大输出功率380mW,斜率效率为35.41%。
Fiber Amplifier is one of the key components to realize all optical fibercommunication system. Erbium-doped fiber amplifier is applied widely just now. ButErbium-doped fiber amplifier can not provide adequate pump Absorption via short fiber,the structure is very complex because of the long gain fiber, and the efficiency is verylow. Doping Yb~(3+) in Erbium-doped fiber is an effective method. Yb~(3+) has bigger peakvalue absorption section (800～1100 nm), it can offer higher gain, so in this way theefficiency and gain stability of the amplifier can be improved greatly. Considering thatthe ytterbium ion works only as a tool to transfer energy, the superior characteristic ofErbium-doped fiber amplifier, such as: higher gain, lower noise, bigger output power,wider working frequency spectrum, less insertion loss and 1550nm workingwavelength-the low loss area of fiber is reserved.
The influence of concentration and ratio of rare-earth on spectrum properties offiber are focused on, Absorption of the EDF’s is affected by erbium concentration andratio of erbium and ytterbium. Absorption band is broadened by adding dopant ofytterbium. The effects of concentration of erbium and ytterbium ions、pump power、signal power and fiber length on the gain characteristics of the co-doped fiber amplifierare analyzed. Comparison with singly erbium-doped fiber amplifier is made,the resultof which shows that the gain and pump efficiency of Er~(3+)/ Yb~(3+) co-doped fiber areapparentlyhigher than that of singlyerbium-doped fiber.
The simulation and research of Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)co-doped fiber amplifier is carrying inexperiment. Using the Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)co-doped double cladding fiber , the pumping resourcewavelength is 980nm, the maximum pumping power coupling into inner cladding is1.33 W. The output laser wavelength is 1550 nm, and the maximum output laser is380mW with slope efficiencyis 35.41%.
本文研究铒与镱共掺杂光纤离子浓度和掺杂比例对光纤光谱性能的影响。EDF的吸收与铒离子掺杂浓度以及铒离子与镱的掺杂比例有关,加入镱离子可以加宽EDF的吸收带。通过研究Er~(3+)浓度、Yb~(3+)浓度、抽运光功率、光纤长度对放大器增益的影响,并与单掺铒光纤放大器进行了比较,表明共掺光纤的增益和效率明显高于单掺铒光纤。
对Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)共掺双包层光纤放大器进行了软件仿真和实验研究。重点对铒镱共掺光纤放大器的光纤长度、铒镱离子浓度、泵浦功率、噪声系数等做了仿真和试验研究。最后用Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)共掺双包层光纤,泵浦源的波长为980nm,最大输出功率为2.46W。得到输出激光的波长为1550nm,最大输出功率380mW,斜率效率为35.41%。
Fiber Amplifier is one of the key components to realize all optical fibercommunication system. Erbium-doped fiber amplifier is applied widely just now. ButErbium-doped fiber amplifier can not provide adequate pump Absorption via short fiber,the structure is very complex because of the long gain fiber, and the efficiency is verylow. Doping Yb~(3+) in Erbium-doped fiber is an effective method. Yb~(3+) has bigger peakvalue absorption section (800～1100 nm), it can offer higher gain, so in this way theefficiency and gain stability of the amplifier can be improved greatly. Considering thatthe ytterbium ion works only as a tool to transfer energy, the superior characteristic ofErbium-doped fiber amplifier, such as: higher gain, lower noise, bigger output power,wider working frequency spectrum, less insertion loss and 1550nm workingwavelength-the low loss area of fiber is reserved.
The influence of concentration and ratio of rare-earth on spectrum properties offiber are focused on, Absorption of the EDF’s is affected by erbium concentration andratio of erbium and ytterbium. Absorption band is broadened by adding dopant ofytterbium. The effects of concentration of erbium and ytterbium ions、pump power、signal power and fiber length on the gain characteristics of the co-doped fiber amplifierare analyzed. Comparison with singly erbium-doped fiber amplifier is made,the resultof which shows that the gain and pump efficiency of Er~(3+)/ Yb~(3+) co-doped fiber areapparentlyhigher than that of singlyerbium-doped fiber.
The simulation and research of Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)co-doped fiber amplifier is carrying inexperiment. Using the Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)co-doped double cladding fiber , the pumping resourcewavelength is 980nm, the maximum pumping power coupling into inner cladding is1.33 W. The output laser wavelength is 1550 nm, and the maximum output laser is380mW with slope efficiencyis 35.41%.
引文
[1] MinellyJ D, BarnesW L, Laming R I, et al. Diode-arraypumping of Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)co-doped fiber lasers and amplifiers[J].IEEE PhotonicsTechnology Letters,1993,5(3):301~303
[2] Goldberg L, Koplow J. High power side-pumped Er/Yb Doped FiberAmplifier[J].OFC/IOOC'99.Technical Digest,1999,2(2):21~26
[3]Wysocki PF, Park N, DiGiovanni D. Dual-stage erbium-doped,erbium/ytterbium-codoped fiber amplifier with up to+26-dBm output power and a17-nm flat spectrum[J].Optics Letters,1996,21(21):1 744~1 746
[4] DeissYJ-G, McIntosh C M, Williams G M, et al. Gain flatness of a 30dBmtandem Er~(3+)-Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)double-clad fiber amplifier forWDMtransmission[J].Conference on Optical Fiber Communication, Technical DigestSeries,2002,70 :249~251
[5] Zawischa I, Plamann K, Fallnich C et al..All-solid-state neodymium-based singlefrequencymaster-oscillator fiber power-amplifier system emitting 5.5W of radiationat 1064nm[J].Opt.Lett.,1999,24(7):469~471
[6] LiemA, Limpert J, Zellmer H et al..100-W single-frequencymaster-oscillatorfiber power amplifier[J].Opt.Lett.,2003,28(17):1537~1539
[7] Limpert J, Hofer S, LiemAet al..100-W average-power, high-energynanosecond fiber amplifier[J].Appl.Phys.(B),2002,75:477~479
[8] Lingfeng Kong, Qihong Lou,Jun Zhou et al..133-W pulsed fiber amplifier withlarge mode area fiber[J].Opt.Eng.Lett.,2006,45(1):010502
[9] Ming-Yuan Cheng, Yu-Chung Chang, GalvanauskasAet al High-energyandhigh-peak-power nanosecond pulse generation with beam quality control in 200-mmcore highlymultimodeYb-doped fiber amplifiers[J].Opt.Lett.,2005,30(4):358~360
[10] Dupriez P, PiperA, MalinowskiAet al..High average power, high repetitionrate, picosecond pulsed fiber master oscillator power amplifier source seeded by again-switched laser diode at 1060nm[J].IEEE Photon.Technol.Lett.,2006,18(9):1013~1015
[11]B.C.Hwang,S.Jiang,T.Luo,J.Watson,S.Honkanen,Y.Hu,F.Smektala,J.Lucasand N.Peyghambarian Erbium-doped phosphate glass fiber amplifiers with gain perunit length of 2.1dB/cm
[12]B.C.Hwang,S.Jiang,T.Luo,J.Watson,G.Sorbello, and J.F.Bayon,Cooperativeupconversionand energy transfer of new high Er +3and Yb+3-Er+3-doped phosphateglasses J.Opt.Soc.Amer.B,vol 17,pp.833-839,2002
[13] Bor-Chyuan Hwang,Shibin Jiang,Tao Luo,Karine Seneschal,Gino Sorbello,Mike Morrell,Fred Smektala,Seppo Honkanen,Jacques Lucas,and NasserPeyghambarian Performance of High-Concentration Er~(3+)-Doped Phosphate FiberAmplifiers IEEE PHOTONICSTECHNOLOGY LETTERS,VOL.13,NO.3,MARCH 2001
[14]任大翠王国政双包层光纤激光器长春理工大学学报Vol125 No12 2002年6月
[15]陈聪,铒镱共掺有机光波导放大器的基础研究吉林大学硕士学位论文2007年
[16]陈海燕,刘永智,官周国等,掺铒光波导放大器的速率方程分析光学学报Vol.22,No.2 February,2002
[17]DOMINICV,Mac CORMACK S.WAARTS R et a1.110W fiber laser[J].ElectronLett,1999,35(14):1158—1160.
[18]M Federighi,F Di Pasquale.The Effect of Pair-Induced EnergyTransfer on thePerfoormance of Silica WaveguideAmplifiers with HighEr~(3+)/Yb~(3+)Cocentrations.IEEE Photon.Technol.Lett.,1995,7(3):303-305
[19]ShooshtariA.,TouamT.,Najafi S.I..Yb~(3+)Sensitized Er~(3+)-DopedWaveguideAmplifiers:ATheoreticalApproach.SPIE,2000,3278:149~165
[20]柳祝平,戴世勋,胡丽丽, Yb~(3+),Er~(3+)共掺磷酸盐玻璃光谱性质研究.中国激光,2001,28(5):467~470.
[21]110W光纤激光器.激光与光电子学进展,2000(9):59(总417期)
[22]Qihong Lou ,Peter.YWang etc "Development of double-clad fiber laser" ,Proceedings of SPIE,Vo1.4914.p131-136
[23] S.Bedo, WLuthy and H.P.Weber "The effective absorption coefficient indouble-clad fibers" Optics Communications, 99(1993) 331-335
[24] Jun Zhou,Qihong Lou et al., "Anew inner cladding shape for high-powerdouble-clad fiber laser", Proceeding of SPIE,Vo1.4914.p141一145.
[25]宁鼎,李乙钢,董新永等,“矩形内包层掺Yb~(3+)石英光纤的研制及其抽运性能”,光学学报,2001, 21(12)
[26]LiuA,Song J,Kamatani K&Ueda K,Effective absorption and pump loss ofdouble-clad fiber lasers,SPIEVol.2986
[27] DOYAV,LEGRAND O,MORTESSAGNE F.Optimized absorption in a chaoticdouble-clad amplifier[J].Opt Lett,2001,26(1O):872—874.
[28]A.Liu, K. Ueda. "The absorption characteristics of circular, offset andrectangular double-clad fibers". Opt. Commun. 132(1996) 511-518
[29]张强掺镱双包层光纤激光器的研究南开大学硕士研究生学位论文2004年
[30]马晓明,刘增基,两段级联掺铒光纤放大器的放大特性[J].西安电子科技大学学报, 2003,30(3):421~425
[31]M. L. Zhuang, S. H. Zhao. Numerical Analysis of the Population DistributionCharacteristics in Er~(3+)-Yb~(3+) Co-Doped Double-cladding Fiber Amplifiers. LaserTechnology, 28(4),2004 P397-382
[32]夏贵进,赵尚弘,董淑福,双包层Er-Yb共掺光纤放大器的特性分析光电子激光第14卷第5期,2003年5月,473-477
[33] Y.J.-G. Deiss, C.M. McIntosh., G.M.Williams. Gain Flatness of a 30 dBm tandemEr. Er~(3+) / Yb~(3+) Double-Clad Fiber Amplifier for WDM Transmission. Optical FiberCommunicationConference and Exhibit, 2002. OFC 2002 , March 2002,P249-251
[34] Xiaomin Ren, Jien Song, Yong Guo, Guangqiang Yang. Interesting NonlinearEffects in Er~(3+) / Yb~(3+) Co-Doped Fibers. Optoelectronics, Proceedings of the SixthChinese Symposium , 12-14 Sept. 2003, P237-240
[35]郑瑶雷,赵卫,王贤华等,掺Er~(3+)飞秒光纤放大器的特性研究,光子学报,2004, 33(3):268~271
[36] Q. Wang, N. K. Dutta. Er-Yb doped double clad fiber amplifier. Proc. SPIE, 2003,5246:208~215
[37]JM. Soderlund, S. Tammela, P. Poyhonen et al, Amplified spontaneous emission incladding-pumped L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifiers IEEE Photonics Tech.Lett.2001,13(1):22~24
[38]袁树忠,葛春风,魏振兴等,EDFA的增益平坦化研究[J]南开大学学报,1999,32(4):117~118
[39] Speghini A., Francini R., Martinez A. etal. Spectroscopic properties of Er~(3+), Yb~(3+)andEr~(3+)/Yb~(3+) doped metaphosphate glasses. Spectrochimica Acta Part A, 2001,57:2001–2008
[40]H. Chi, H. D. Zhao, Q. J. Zeng, S. L. Xiao, etc. Erbium doped fiber amplifier usingfiber bragg gratings as gain equalizer.Acta photonica sinica, 2002(10):1248-1251.
[41]L. Jiang, D. S. Zhang, S. Z. Yuan. Control of LPG's spectral structure and it's EDFAgain-flattening equalizer.Acta Photonica Sinica, 2004, 37 (7): 810-2813.
[2] Goldberg L, Koplow J. High power side-pumped Er/Yb Doped FiberAmplifier[J].OFC/IOOC'99.Technical Digest,1999,2(2):21~26
[3]Wysocki PF, Park N, DiGiovanni D. Dual-stage erbium-doped,erbium/ytterbium-codoped fiber amplifier with up to+26-dBm output power and a17-nm flat spectrum[J].Optics Letters,1996,21(21):1 744~1 746
[4] DeissYJ-G, McIntosh C M, Williams G M, et al. Gain flatness of a 30dBmtandem Er~(3+)-Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)double-clad fiber amplifier forWDMtransmission[J].Conference on Optical Fiber Communication, Technical DigestSeries,2002,70 :249~251
[5] Zawischa I, Plamann K, Fallnich C et al..All-solid-state neodymium-based singlefrequencymaster-oscillator fiber power-amplifier system emitting 5.5W of radiationat 1064nm[J].Opt.Lett.,1999,24(7):469~471
[6] LiemA, Limpert J, Zellmer H et al..100-W single-frequencymaster-oscillatorfiber power amplifier[J].Opt.Lett.,2003,28(17):1537~1539
[7] Limpert J, Hofer S, LiemAet al..100-W average-power, high-energynanosecond fiber amplifier[J].Appl.Phys.(B),2002,75:477~479
[8] Lingfeng Kong, Qihong Lou,Jun Zhou et al..133-W pulsed fiber amplifier withlarge mode area fiber[J].Opt.Eng.Lett.,2006,45(1):010502
[9] Ming-Yuan Cheng, Yu-Chung Chang, GalvanauskasAet al High-energyandhigh-peak-power nanosecond pulse generation with beam quality control in 200-mmcore highlymultimodeYb-doped fiber amplifiers[J].Opt.Lett.,2005,30(4):358~360
[10] Dupriez P, PiperA, MalinowskiAet al..High average power, high repetitionrate, picosecond pulsed fiber master oscillator power amplifier source seeded by again-switched laser diode at 1060nm[J].IEEE Photon.Technol.Lett.,2006,18(9):1013~1015
[11]B.C.Hwang,S.Jiang,T.Luo,J.Watson,S.Honkanen,Y.Hu,F.Smektala,J.Lucasand N.Peyghambarian Erbium-doped phosphate glass fiber amplifiers with gain perunit length of 2.1dB/cm
[12]B.C.Hwang,S.Jiang,T.Luo,J.Watson,G.Sorbello, and J.F.Bayon,Cooperativeupconversionand energy transfer of new high Er +3and Yb+3-Er+3-doped phosphateglasses J.Opt.Soc.Amer.B,vol 17,pp.833-839,2002
[13] Bor-Chyuan Hwang,Shibin Jiang,Tao Luo,Karine Seneschal,Gino Sorbello,Mike Morrell,Fred Smektala,Seppo Honkanen,Jacques Lucas,and NasserPeyghambarian Performance of High-Concentration Er~(3+)-Doped Phosphate FiberAmplifiers IEEE PHOTONICSTECHNOLOGY LETTERS,VOL.13,NO.3,MARCH 2001
[14]任大翠王国政双包层光纤激光器长春理工大学学报Vol125 No12 2002年6月
[15]陈聪,铒镱共掺有机光波导放大器的基础研究吉林大学硕士学位论文2007年
[16]陈海燕,刘永智,官周国等,掺铒光波导放大器的速率方程分析光学学报Vol.22,No.2 February,2002
[17]DOMINICV,Mac CORMACK S.WAARTS R et a1.110W fiber laser[J].ElectronLett,1999,35(14):1158—1160.
[18]M Federighi,F Di Pasquale.The Effect of Pair-Induced EnergyTransfer on thePerfoormance of Silica WaveguideAmplifiers with HighEr~(3+)/Yb~(3+)Cocentrations.IEEE Photon.Technol.Lett.,1995,7(3):303-305
[19]ShooshtariA.,TouamT.,Najafi S.I..Yb~(3+)Sensitized Er~(3+)-DopedWaveguideAmplifiers:ATheoreticalApproach.SPIE,2000,3278:149~165
[20]柳祝平,戴世勋,胡丽丽, Yb~(3+),Er~(3+)共掺磷酸盐玻璃光谱性质研究.中国激光,2001,28(5):467~470.
[21]110W光纤激光器.激光与光电子学进展,2000(9):59(总417期)
[22]Qihong Lou ,Peter.YWang etc "Development of double-clad fiber laser" ,Proceedings of SPIE,Vo1.4914.p131-136
[23] S.Bedo, WLuthy and H.P.Weber "The effective absorption coefficient indouble-clad fibers" Optics Communications, 99(1993) 331-335
[24] Jun Zhou,Qihong Lou et al., "Anew inner cladding shape for high-powerdouble-clad fiber laser", Proceeding of SPIE,Vo1.4914.p141一145.
[25]宁鼎,李乙钢,董新永等,“矩形内包层掺Yb~(3+)石英光纤的研制及其抽运性能”,光学学报,2001, 21(12)
[26]LiuA,Song J,Kamatani K&Ueda K,Effective absorption and pump loss ofdouble-clad fiber lasers,SPIEVol.2986
[27] DOYAV,LEGRAND O,MORTESSAGNE F.Optimized absorption in a chaoticdouble-clad amplifier[J].Opt Lett,2001,26(1O):872—874.
[28]A.Liu, K. Ueda. "The absorption characteristics of circular, offset andrectangular double-clad fibers". Opt. Commun. 132(1996) 511-518
[29]张强掺镱双包层光纤激光器的研究南开大学硕士研究生学位论文2004年
[30]马晓明,刘增基,两段级联掺铒光纤放大器的放大特性[J].西安电子科技大学学报, 2003,30(3):421~425
[31]M. L. Zhuang, S. H. Zhao. Numerical Analysis of the Population DistributionCharacteristics in Er~(3+)-Yb~(3+) Co-Doped Double-cladding Fiber Amplifiers. LaserTechnology, 28(4),2004 P397-382
[32]夏贵进,赵尚弘,董淑福,双包层Er-Yb共掺光纤放大器的特性分析光电子激光第14卷第5期,2003年5月,473-477
[33] Y.J.-G. Deiss, C.M. McIntosh., G.M.Williams. Gain Flatness of a 30 dBm tandemEr. Er~(3+) / Yb~(3+) Double-Clad Fiber Amplifier for WDM Transmission. Optical FiberCommunicationConference and Exhibit, 2002. OFC 2002 , March 2002,P249-251
[34] Xiaomin Ren, Jien Song, Yong Guo, Guangqiang Yang. Interesting NonlinearEffects in Er~(3+) / Yb~(3+) Co-Doped Fibers. Optoelectronics, Proceedings of the SixthChinese Symposium , 12-14 Sept. 2003, P237-240
[35]郑瑶雷,赵卫,王贤华等,掺Er~(3+)飞秒光纤放大器的特性研究,光子学报,2004, 33(3):268~271
[36] Q. Wang, N. K. Dutta. Er-Yb doped double clad fiber amplifier. Proc. SPIE, 2003,5246:208~215
[37]JM. Soderlund, S. Tammela, P. Poyhonen et al, Amplified spontaneous emission incladding-pumped L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifiers IEEE Photonics Tech.Lett.2001,13(1):22~24
[38]袁树忠,葛春风,魏振兴等,EDFA的增益平坦化研究[J]南开大学学报,1999,32(4):117~118
[39] Speghini A., Francini R., Martinez A. etal. Spectroscopic properties of Er~(3+), Yb~(3+)andEr~(3+)/Yb~(3+) doped metaphosphate glasses. Spectrochimica Acta Part A, 2001,57:2001–2008
[40]H. Chi, H. D. Zhao, Q. J. Zeng, S. L. Xiao, etc. Erbium doped fiber amplifier usingfiber bragg gratings as gain equalizer.Acta photonica sinica, 2002(10):1248-1251.
[41]L. Jiang, D. S. Zhang, S. Z. Yuan. Control of LPG's spectral structure and it's EDFAgain-flattening equalizer.Acta Photonica Sinica, 2004, 37 (7): 810-2813.