1.5μm波段光纤激光器及光纤放大器研究
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摘要
波长在1.5μm波段的激光处于光通信的低损耗窗口,且处于“人眼安全”波段,因而近年来成为国际上十分热门的研究领域。本论文致力于利用全光纤调Q方法得到1.5μm附近的掺铒光纤激光器脉冲光源,并用铒镱共掺双包层光纤放大器对其进行高功率放大。本文的主要内容与研究成果如下:
1.介绍了调Q光纤激光器的基本原理、发展历史和特点。对比了目前国内外报道较多的几种典型的全光纤调Q方法,分析了它们各自的特点。
2.以激光器Q调制的基本原理为基础,分析了基于受激布里渊散射(SBS)的掺铒光纤激光器的工作原理。针对被动调Q激光器的特点,对影响其性能的几个重要因素:自发辐射(ASE)效应、掺铒光纤长度、光纤结构和输出耦合腔镜反射率等进行了理论分析,并提出了优化方法。
3.在理论分析的基础上,组建了基于SBS效应的掺铒光纤激光器。通过尝试使用不同长度的单模光纤作为SBS效应产生的介质,确定最佳的单模光纤长度。最终实现输出重复频率为6.7MHz,脉冲宽度为100ns的稳定脉冲光信号,其输出功率可以在25.7mW到48.3mW之间调节。
4.以铒镱共掺双包层光纤作为增益介质,搭建了1.5μm波段的高功率光纤放大器。利用自行设计组建的掺铒被动调Q光纤激光器脉冲信号源进行光信号放大的实验。同时,作为对比,还利用分布反馈(DFB)半导体激光器(LD)信号源输出的方波信号进行了放大实验。实验结果表明,两种不同信号源经过放大器后功率增益特性区别较小,放大器对两种信号光谱的影响也相似,但是对波形的影响区别较大。调Q脉冲信号经放大后产生的畸变较小。
As 1.5μm band laser is in the low-loss window of fiber communication and also in the“eye-safe”band, it has been a attractive research area in recent years. This paper focused on designing a pulse optical signal source using an erbium-doped all fiber Q-switched fiber laser and amplifying the source signal by using an erbium/ytterbium co-doped double-clad fiber amplifier. The research works in detail are the following:
1. The basic principles, development and characteristics of all fiber Q-switched fiber laser are firstly introduced. With comparing several relative latest researches in China and abroad, we analyze their advantages separately.
2. Based on the principles of Q-switched laser, the mechanism of erbium-doped fiber laser based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) effects is analyzed. Regarding the characteristics of passive-Q-switched laser, several factors influencing the output quality, such as amplificated spontaneous emission, length of fibers, reflective index of output coupled cavity mirror and so on, are analyzed theoretically. And the optimizing approach is proposed.
3. An erbium-doped Q-switched fiber laser based on SBS effects is established. By trying different length of single-mode fiber which is used as a media for SBS effects, we choose the most appropriate length. At final, the repetition rate about 6.7 MHz, and the full width at half maximum (FWHW) about 100 ns are obtained. The output power of the laser can be adjusted from 25.7 mW to 48.3 mW.
4. Using an erbium/ytterbium co-doped double-clad fiber, an optical amplifier at the wavelength around 1.5μm is built. Amplifying experiment of Q-switched pulse optical signal is carried out. At the same time, we also use a rectangle signal to do the experiment for comparison. The experimental results show that the two different pulse signals have the same power gain and spectrum behavior in the amplifier. But the distortion of pulse shapes is different. The Q-switched pulse signal has a less distortion.
1.介绍了调Q光纤激光器的基本原理、发展历史和特点。对比了目前国内外报道较多的几种典型的全光纤调Q方法,分析了它们各自的特点。
2.以激光器Q调制的基本原理为基础,分析了基于受激布里渊散射(SBS)的掺铒光纤激光器的工作原理。针对被动调Q激光器的特点,对影响其性能的几个重要因素:自发辐射(ASE)效应、掺铒光纤长度、光纤结构和输出耦合腔镜反射率等进行了理论分析,并提出了优化方法。
3.在理论分析的基础上,组建了基于SBS效应的掺铒光纤激光器。通过尝试使用不同长度的单模光纤作为SBS效应产生的介质,确定最佳的单模光纤长度。最终实现输出重复频率为6.7MHz,脉冲宽度为100ns的稳定脉冲光信号,其输出功率可以在25.7mW到48.3mW之间调节。
4.以铒镱共掺双包层光纤作为增益介质,搭建了1.5μm波段的高功率光纤放大器。利用自行设计组建的掺铒被动调Q光纤激光器脉冲信号源进行光信号放大的实验。同时,作为对比,还利用分布反馈(DFB)半导体激光器(LD)信号源输出的方波信号进行了放大实验。实验结果表明,两种不同信号源经过放大器后功率增益特性区别较小,放大器对两种信号光谱的影响也相似,但是对波形的影响区别较大。调Q脉冲信号经放大后产生的畸变较小。
As 1.5μm band laser is in the low-loss window of fiber communication and also in the“eye-safe”band, it has been a attractive research area in recent years. This paper focused on designing a pulse optical signal source using an erbium-doped all fiber Q-switched fiber laser and amplifying the source signal by using an erbium/ytterbium co-doped double-clad fiber amplifier. The research works in detail are the following:
1. The basic principles, development and characteristics of all fiber Q-switched fiber laser are firstly introduced. With comparing several relative latest researches in China and abroad, we analyze their advantages separately.
2. Based on the principles of Q-switched laser, the mechanism of erbium-doped fiber laser based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) effects is analyzed. Regarding the characteristics of passive-Q-switched laser, several factors influencing the output quality, such as amplificated spontaneous emission, length of fibers, reflective index of output coupled cavity mirror and so on, are analyzed theoretically. And the optimizing approach is proposed.
3. An erbium-doped Q-switched fiber laser based on SBS effects is established. By trying different length of single-mode fiber which is used as a media for SBS effects, we choose the most appropriate length. At final, the repetition rate about 6.7 MHz, and the full width at half maximum (FWHW) about 100 ns are obtained. The output power of the laser can be adjusted from 25.7 mW to 48.3 mW.
4. Using an erbium/ytterbium co-doped double-clad fiber, an optical amplifier at the wavelength around 1.5μm is built. Amplifying experiment of Q-switched pulse optical signal is carried out. At the same time, we also use a rectangle signal to do the experiment for comparison. The experimental results show that the two different pulse signals have the same power gain and spectrum behavior in the amplifier. But the distortion of pulse shapes is different. The Q-switched pulse signal has a less distortion.
引文
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[3]郭玉彬,霍佳雨,光纤激光器及其应用,北京:科学出版社,2008
[4]范国芳,用于全光纤调Q激光器的波导声光调制器的研究,博士学位论文,天津大学,2007
[5]李季勇,谢春霞,吕福云等,脉冲泵浦调Q光纤激光器的优化设计,光电子技术,2006,26(1):22-25
[6]张伟毅,双级结构高功率铒/镱共掺光纤放大器的理论和实验研究,硕士论文,天津大学,2008
[7] N A Russo, R Duchowicz, J Mora, et al, High efficiency Q-switched erbium fiber laser using a Bragg grating based modulator, Optics Communications, 2002, 210 (36): 361-366
[8] X. P. Cheng, C. H. Tse, P. Shum, et al, All-Fiber Q-Switched Erbium-Doped Fiber Ring Laser Using Phase-Shifted Fiber Bragg Grating, Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2008, 26(8): 945-951
[9] X. P. Cheng, J. Zhang, P. Shum, et al. Influence of Sidelobes on Fiber Bragg Grating Based Q-switched Fiber Laser, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2007, 19(20): 1646-1648
[10]卢常勇,王小兵,郭延龙等, 1.5xμm波长人眼安全的军用激光测距机及其进展,激光与光电子学进展, 2005, 42(3):32-35
[11] P. Pérez-Millán, A. Díez, M. V. Andrés, Q-switched all-fiber laser based on magnetostriction modulation of a Bragg grating, Optics Express, 2005, 13(13): 5046-5051
[12] Anting Wang, Hai Ming, Jianping Xie, Single-frequency Q-switched erbium doped fiber ring laser by combination of a distributed Bragg reflector laser and a Mach-Zender interferometer, Applied Optics, 2003, 42 (18) : 3528-3530
[13] M.V. Andr′es, J.L. Cruz, A. D′?ez, P. P′erez-Mill′an, et al, Actively Q-switched all-fiber lasers, Laser Physics Letters, 2008, 5(2):93-99
[14] Zuxing Zhang, Minghuang Sang, Zhiqing Ye, et al, Passively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser based on nonlinear polarization rotation, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 2008, 50(3): 694-696
[15] Lixin Xu, L. F. K. Lui, P. K. A. Wai, et al, High repetition rate passively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser incorporating an electro-absorption modulator, Optical Society of America, 2006
[16] J. Y. Huang, S. C. Huang, H. L. Chang, et al, Passive Q switching of Er-Yb fiber laser with semiconductor saturable absorber, Optics Express, 2008, 16(5):3002-3007
[17] A.S. Kurkov, I.A. Shukshin, D.A. Grukh, et al, Compact fiber source of the pulses with an output power up to 0.17 mJ, Laser Physics Letters,2006,3(2):86-88
[18]孙良勇,宽带掺铒光纤超荧光光源的研究,硕士学位论文,天津大学,2006
[19] E.Snitzer, optical maser action of Nd3+ in a barium crown glass.Physical Review Letters, 1961, 7(12):444-446
[20] J.Stone, C.A.Burrus, Neodymium-doped fiber lasers:Room temperature CW operation with an injection laser pump, Quantum Electronics, 1974, 10(9):794
[21] S.B.Poole, D.N.Payne, M.E.Fermann, Fabrication of low loss optical fibres containing rare-earth ions, Electronics Letters, 1985, 21(17):737-738
[22] E.Snitzer, H.Po, F.Hakimi et al, Double Clad, Offset Core Nd3+ Fiber Laser, Proceedings of Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors, 1988, Postdeadline paper PD5, 533-536
[23] H.Jeong, S.Choi, K.Oh, Continuous wave single transverse mode laser oscillation in a Nd3+-doped large core double clad fiber cavity with concatenated adiabatic tapers, Optics Communications, 2002, 213:33-37
[24] J.Wang, D.T.Walton, L.A. Zenteno, All-glass high NA Yb3+-doped double-clad laser fibres made by outside-vapour deposition, Electronics Letters, 2004, 40(10), 590-591
[25]李京辉,掺铒光纤放大器及其应用,北京:清华大学出版社, 1994
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