企业组织行为特征对技术联盟绩效的影响研究
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摘要
随着技术创新周期的缩短、网络外部性的增强、技术复杂性和融合性的加大,企业仅靠自身的资源很难获得持续的竞争优势。以技术联盟为平台进行合作创新已成为企业技术战略的重要选择,而联盟绩效与联盟企业的组织行为特征密切相关。因此,从企业组织行为的角度来审视技术联盟运作,探讨企业在技术联盟中的适应性行为,对提升企业及产业的竞争力具有重要的意义。对此,本文以企业技术联盟的运作机制为研究主体,从微观层面进行了尝试性的研究工作。
本研究首先从企业双向关系层面切入,抽取影响企业技术联盟运作的主要组织行为特征因素,构建模型研究信任、承诺、交流沟通、冲突降低、保护主义、文化协同、共同愿景、合作等组织行为特征变量对技术联盟绩效的影响作用；其次,从企业个体组织层面,实证研究发展型组织文化、企业家精神如何促进企业外部知识管理能力,进而影响企业联盟网络嵌入性收益的过程,明确企业网络能力差异性的来源；最后,审视技术联盟伙伴关系共同演化过程,构建了技术联盟企业的行为协调机制及网络能力提升机制。
基于以上研究论证工作,本文得出如下主要结论：(1)联盟企业间的信任、承诺、交流沟通、冲突降低、文化协同对技术联盟合作有着显著的正向影响；保护主义、共同愿景对技术联盟合作的影响并不显著；联盟伙伴合作对技术联盟绩效有显著的正向影响,从而从双向关系层面阐释了企业组织行为特征对技术联盟绩效的影响作用。
(2)企业文化是企业个体层面上的组织行为特征中影响联盟企业知识管理行为及网络能力的关键因素。发展型文化、企业家精神与企业外部知识保存能力、吸收能力有着显著的正向关系；企业的外部知识保存能力、吸收能力对企业网络嵌入性收益有着显著正向影响；企业外部知识管理能力具有中介作用。发展型企业文化、企业家精神必须通过外部知识管理能力这一中介变量,才能对网络嵌入性收益有较大的正向影响效果。
(3)技术联盟演化周期可划分为起始、结构化和绩效实现阶段。适应于联盟关系演化各阶段,包含了伙伴选择、法律协调、关系资本协调、交流环境优化、管理系统协调、网络租金协调的协调机制框架,可有效调节企业交互行为。企业可通过构建创新组织文化,培育外部知识保存及吸收能力,以此促进知识共享和学习,实现企业联盟网络能力的提升。
As the technological innovation cycle became shorter, the externalities of network, the complexity and integration of technology increased, the enterprises are difficult to achieve sustained competitive advantage on its own resources alone. The technological alliance as a platform for cooperation and innovation has become an important option for enterprises'technology strategy, while the alliance's performance is closely related to enterprises'organizational behaviors. Therefore, it is of importance to examine the operation of technological alliance and explore the enterprises'adaptive behaviors in technological alliance from the view of organizational behavior. By taking the operating mechanism of enterprises technological alliance as the main research subject, the paper does a tentative research work at micro level.
Firstly, at interfirm relations level, the paper extracts the main organizational behavior attributes affecting on enterprises technological alliances'operations, and establishes a model on the technological alliance performance relevance of enterprises' organizational behavioral attributes, included trust, commitment, communication, conflict reduction, protectionism, culture synergy, shared vision and cooperation. Secondly, at the individual firm level, the paper has an empirical research on the process that the external knowledge management capacity are correlated with the different dimensions of organizational developmental culture culture and entrepreneurship, and hence to promote the benefits from network embeddedness, and finds the source of differences in network capacity. Finally, the evolution process of alliance partnership is surveyed, and the partnership coordination and networking capabilities enhancement mechanisms for enterprises in technological alliance are established.
Through theoretical exploration and quantitative analysis, some important conclusions are drawn as follows:(1) trust, commitment, communication, conflict reduction, culture synergy between enterprises in alliance positively and significantly correlates with cooperation. Protectionism and shared vision has no significantly relationship with cooperation. Cooperation positively and significantly correlates with alliance performance. The results show that the technological alliance performance relevance of enterprises' organizational behavioral attributes at interfirm relations level.
(2) Organizational culture is an important determinant at the firm level that can influence knowledge management behavior and network competence. Developmental culture, entrepreneurship both strongly and positively affect enterprises' external knowledge retention competence and absorptive competence, while external knowledge retention competence and absorptive competence have significant positive impact on enterprises' benefits from network embeddedness. External knowledge management competence mediates the relationship between developmental culture and benefits from network embeddedness. Developmental culture and entrepreneurship can have greater positive effects on benefits only through external knowledge management capability as an intermediary variable.
(3) Evolution cycle of technological alliance can be divided into initiation, structuration and performance achievement phases. A framework for behavior coordination mechanism adapting to the various evolution stages of alliances are proposed, which consists of partner selection, legal coordination, relationship capital coordination, exchange climate optimization, management system coordination, network rents coordination. It can effectively coordinate enterprises'interactive behaviors. Enterprises can protomote knowledge sharing and learning through developing innovation organizational culture and enhancing external knowledge retention and absorptive competence, hence to improve network competence.
本研究首先从企业双向关系层面切入,抽取影响企业技术联盟运作的主要组织行为特征因素,构建模型研究信任、承诺、交流沟通、冲突降低、保护主义、文化协同、共同愿景、合作等组织行为特征变量对技术联盟绩效的影响作用；其次,从企业个体组织层面,实证研究发展型组织文化、企业家精神如何促进企业外部知识管理能力,进而影响企业联盟网络嵌入性收益的过程,明确企业网络能力差异性的来源；最后,审视技术联盟伙伴关系共同演化过程,构建了技术联盟企业的行为协调机制及网络能力提升机制。
基于以上研究论证工作,本文得出如下主要结论：(1)联盟企业间的信任、承诺、交流沟通、冲突降低、文化协同对技术联盟合作有着显著的正向影响；保护主义、共同愿景对技术联盟合作的影响并不显著；联盟伙伴合作对技术联盟绩效有显著的正向影响,从而从双向关系层面阐释了企业组织行为特征对技术联盟绩效的影响作用。
(2)企业文化是企业个体层面上的组织行为特征中影响联盟企业知识管理行为及网络能力的关键因素。发展型文化、企业家精神与企业外部知识保存能力、吸收能力有着显著的正向关系；企业的外部知识保存能力、吸收能力对企业网络嵌入性收益有着显著正向影响；企业外部知识管理能力具有中介作用。发展型企业文化、企业家精神必须通过外部知识管理能力这一中介变量,才能对网络嵌入性收益有较大的正向影响效果。
(3)技术联盟演化周期可划分为起始、结构化和绩效实现阶段。适应于联盟关系演化各阶段,包含了伙伴选择、法律协调、关系资本协调、交流环境优化、管理系统协调、网络租金协调的协调机制框架,可有效调节企业交互行为。企业可通过构建创新组织文化,培育外部知识保存及吸收能力,以此促进知识共享和学习,实现企业联盟网络能力的提升。
As the technological innovation cycle became shorter, the externalities of network, the complexity and integration of technology increased, the enterprises are difficult to achieve sustained competitive advantage on its own resources alone. The technological alliance as a platform for cooperation and innovation has become an important option for enterprises'technology strategy, while the alliance's performance is closely related to enterprises'organizational behaviors. Therefore, it is of importance to examine the operation of technological alliance and explore the enterprises'adaptive behaviors in technological alliance from the view of organizational behavior. By taking the operating mechanism of enterprises technological alliance as the main research subject, the paper does a tentative research work at micro level.
Firstly, at interfirm relations level, the paper extracts the main organizational behavior attributes affecting on enterprises technological alliances'operations, and establishes a model on the technological alliance performance relevance of enterprises' organizational behavioral attributes, included trust, commitment, communication, conflict reduction, protectionism, culture synergy, shared vision and cooperation. Secondly, at the individual firm level, the paper has an empirical research on the process that the external knowledge management capacity are correlated with the different dimensions of organizational developmental culture culture and entrepreneurship, and hence to promote the benefits from network embeddedness, and finds the source of differences in network capacity. Finally, the evolution process of alliance partnership is surveyed, and the partnership coordination and networking capabilities enhancement mechanisms for enterprises in technological alliance are established.
Through theoretical exploration and quantitative analysis, some important conclusions are drawn as follows:(1) trust, commitment, communication, conflict reduction, culture synergy between enterprises in alliance positively and significantly correlates with cooperation. Protectionism and shared vision has no significantly relationship with cooperation. Cooperation positively and significantly correlates with alliance performance. The results show that the technological alliance performance relevance of enterprises' organizational behavioral attributes at interfirm relations level.
(2) Organizational culture is an important determinant at the firm level that can influence knowledge management behavior and network competence. Developmental culture, entrepreneurship both strongly and positively affect enterprises' external knowledge retention competence and absorptive competence, while external knowledge retention competence and absorptive competence have significant positive impact on enterprises' benefits from network embeddedness. External knowledge management competence mediates the relationship between developmental culture and benefits from network embeddedness. Developmental culture and entrepreneurship can have greater positive effects on benefits only through external knowledge management capability as an intermediary variable.
(3) Evolution cycle of technological alliance can be divided into initiation, structuration and performance achievement phases. A framework for behavior coordination mechanism adapting to the various evolution stages of alliances are proposed, which consists of partner selection, legal coordination, relationship capital coordination, exchange climate optimization, management system coordination, network rents coordination. It can effectively coordinate enterprises'interactive behaviors. Enterprises can protomote knowledge sharing and learning through developing innovation organizational culture and enhancing external knowledge retention and absorptive competence, hence to improve network competence.
引文
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