电子商务的核心——金融电子化
|
摘要
随着全球互连网络——因特网的发展，一种新兴的商务活动模式开始形成，这就是电子商务。电子商务是通过在因特网上高效率、低成本的信息流动来促成商务活动的发生，从而推动物流运行的新型交易模式。电子商务主要包含企业与企业之间的B to B类型、企业与消费者之间的B to C类型、通过政府上网体现的政府与企业之间的B to G类型这三种类型。可以预期电子商务将成为新的经济增长点。
金融行业是较早推行电子化工程的行业，已经形成了功能完善的银行业务综合处理系统，随着金融电子化网络的发展，商业银行业务中也产生了一些新型的金融市场产品。电子商务的最终实现取决于基于网络的电子支付系统和相应的电子支付工具的广泛使用，因此金融电子化就成为电子商务的核心。近年来已经有一些电子支付工具在商品交易的支付中使用，例如电子钱包、电子钱夹、电子支票等。就金融电子化而言，提供现代化的电子支付工具既是适应电子商务发展的要求，同时也是银行业推出新的金融产品、开拓金融业务新领域、提供金融信息服务的源动力，是银行业发展的必然趋势。
在因特网络的开放式环境下，金融电子化网络由封闭的银行业务处理网络演变为与因特网络在一定程度上互通的网络，因此金融电子化系统的风险问题就成为制约其发展的决定性因素。金融电子化系统的风险既可能源于系统内部，也可能源于系统外部，既可能是由于系统原因引发，也有可能是由于人为因素形成。因此，金融电子化风险的防范和化解是一个综合性的、复杂的系统工程。
对于金融电子化风险的防范和化解表现在技术上就是网络电子支付系统的安全性、保密性问题。目前，电子商务中所面临的安全性问题主要有信息泄露、非法篡改、身份识别、信息破坏等，所涉及的安全技术主要有虚拟专用网（Virtual Private Network）加密技术、认证技术、防火墙（Firewall）技术等。
虚拟专用网是用于因特网电子交易的专用网络，主要应用于企业之间的电子数据交换（Electronic Data Interchange ，EDI）。
各种加密技术通过加密算法来实现信息的保密性，在数据通讯中被广泛采用，其基本概念如共享密钥加密(Secret-Key Cryptography)、公开密钥加密（Public-Key Cryptography）混合密钥加密或数字信封（Digital Envelope）等。
电子商务安全问题的另一方面是参与各方身份的合法性问题，确认用户的身份合法性的过程就是认证。在电子商务中采用一个第三方的权威机构来对参与各方身份进行验证的方式，这种机构就是认证机构，认证机构对通过认证的合法用户颁发具有一定结构的数字认证证书，并负责对证书进行各种管理。
防火墙技术是一种内部网络与外部网络之间建立逻辑隔离，保证网络的安全运行的一种技术。
总之，只有在建立起安全、保密、方便快捷的电子支付系统的前提下，因特网上的电子商务活动才能得到迅速发展，而这正是金融电子化要进一步解决的首要问题。
With the development of the global internet a new form of business has come into being, that is e-business. E-business helps businesses through online efficient information flow with low cost and therefore promotes a new way of trade in material movements. Main types in e-business include B to B, B to C and B to G. E-business is quite expected to become a new point in the economic growth.
Financial industry is among the first industries to perform the electronic project and now the comprehensive and systematical banking businesses have already built up, which work efficiently. As its electronic web develops, some new products in the financial market have been porduced in the businesses of commercial banks. Whether e-business can be finally realized is based on its electronic payment system and the wide use of its corresponding instruments. As a result, the financial computerization becomes the center of e-business. In recent years some electronic payment instruments have put into use, such as electronic purse, electronic pocketbook and electronic check, etc. and at the same time it becomes the new source to produce new products, to develop new financial businesses and to provide financial information services and that is the inevitable trend of the banking development as well.
Under the open circumstances of the internet, the financial electronic web now to some degree has shifted into one relating to the internet so the risk of financial electronic system becomes the decisive factor to constrain its development. The risk may either come from the internal system or from the external factors. It can be caused by the system or be formed by men. Therefore, It is a comprehensive and complicated systematic project to prevent and remove the risk.
Theoretically, the prevention and remove of the financial electronic risk is to provide security and secrecy of the web electronic payment system. At present time, the problem of security in e-business is mainly aboutinformation leakage, illegal distortion, identity confirmation and so on. The main security technologies include the virtual private net, the encoding technology, the certification technology and the firewall technology etc.
The virtual private net is to be used as the special web to trade in the internet. Its purpose is to apply Electronic Data Interchange between enterprises.
Various encodings are used to keep information in encoding calculation. The codes have been widely adopted in data communications and here are some basic concepts as Secret-Key Cryptography, Public-Key Cryptography, Digital Envelope etc.
Another aspect in the problem facing e-commerce is the legality of the identities of every part participating in it. Making sure about the identity legality is confirmation. In e-business it is the way to confirm every party's identity through an 44authoritative organization as a third party. This organization is regarded as the confirmation organization. The organization issues certificates to those who are regarded as legal and is responsible for the management of the certificates.
All in all, only after the establishment of the secure, confidential, convenient and fast electronic payment system, can the online electronic e-business develop rapidly and this is the first problem to be solved in the financial computerization.
金融行业是较早推行电子化工程的行业，已经形成了功能完善的银行业务综合处理系统，随着金融电子化网络的发展，商业银行业务中也产生了一些新型的金融市场产品。电子商务的最终实现取决于基于网络的电子支付系统和相应的电子支付工具的广泛使用，因此金融电子化就成为电子商务的核心。近年来已经有一些电子支付工具在商品交易的支付中使用，例如电子钱包、电子钱夹、电子支票等。就金融电子化而言，提供现代化的电子支付工具既是适应电子商务发展的要求，同时也是银行业推出新的金融产品、开拓金融业务新领域、提供金融信息服务的源动力，是银行业发展的必然趋势。
在因特网络的开放式环境下，金融电子化网络由封闭的银行业务处理网络演变为与因特网络在一定程度上互通的网络，因此金融电子化系统的风险问题就成为制约其发展的决定性因素。金融电子化系统的风险既可能源于系统内部，也可能源于系统外部，既可能是由于系统原因引发，也有可能是由于人为因素形成。因此，金融电子化风险的防范和化解是一个综合性的、复杂的系统工程。
对于金融电子化风险的防范和化解表现在技术上就是网络电子支付系统的安全性、保密性问题。目前，电子商务中所面临的安全性问题主要有信息泄露、非法篡改、身份识别、信息破坏等，所涉及的安全技术主要有虚拟专用网（Virtual Private Network）加密技术、认证技术、防火墙（Firewall）技术等。
各种加密技术通过加密算法来实现信息的保密性，在数据通讯中被广泛采用，其基本概念如共享密钥加密(Secret-Key Cryptography)、公开密钥加密（Public-Key Cryptography）混合密钥加密或数字信封（Digital Envelope）等。
电子商务安全问题的另一方面是参与各方身份的合法性问题，确认用户的身份合法性的过程就是认证。在电子商务中采用一个第三方的权威机构来对参与各方身份进行验证的方式，这种机构就是认证机构，认证机构对通过认证的合法用户颁发具有一定结构的数字认证证书，并负责对证书进行各种管理。
防火墙技术是一种内部网络与外部网络之间建立逻辑隔离，保证网络的安全运行的一种技术。
总之，只有在建立起安全、保密、方便快捷的电子支付系统的前提下，因特网上的电子商务活动才能得到迅速发展，而这正是金融电子化要进一步解决的首要问题。
With the development of the global internet a new form of business has come into being, that is e-business. E-business helps businesses through online efficient information flow with low cost and therefore promotes a new way of trade in material movements. Main types in e-business include B to B, B to C and B to G. E-business is quite expected to become a new point in the economic growth.
Financial industry is among the first industries to perform the electronic project and now the comprehensive and systematical banking businesses have already built up, which work efficiently. As its electronic web develops, some new products in the financial market have been porduced in the businesses of commercial banks. Whether e-business can be finally realized is based on its electronic payment system and the wide use of its corresponding instruments. As a result, the financial computerization becomes the center of e-business. In recent years some electronic payment instruments have put into use, such as electronic purse, electronic pocketbook and electronic check, etc. and at the same time it becomes the new source to produce new products, to develop new financial businesses and to provide financial information services and that is the inevitable trend of the banking development as well.
Under the open circumstances of the internet, the financial electronic web now to some degree has shifted into one relating to the internet so the risk of financial electronic system becomes the decisive factor to constrain its development. The risk may either come from the internal system or from the external factors. It can be caused by the system or be formed by men. Therefore, It is a comprehensive and complicated systematic project to prevent and remove the risk.
Theoretically, the prevention and remove of the financial electronic risk is to provide security and secrecy of the web electronic payment system. At present time, the problem of security in e-business is mainly about
The virtual private net is to be used as the special web to trade in the internet. Its purpose is to apply Electronic Data Interchange between enterprises.
Various encodings are used to keep information in encoding calculation. The codes have been widely adopted in data communications and here are some basic concepts as Secret-Key Cryptography, Public-Key Cryptography, Digital Envelope etc.
Another aspect in the problem facing e-commerce is the legality of the identities of every part participating in it. Making sure about the identity legality is confirmation. In e-business it is the way to confirm every party's identity through an 44authoritative organization as a third party. This organization is regarded as the confirmation organization. The organization issues certificates to those who are regarded as legal and is responsible for the management of the certificates.
All in all, only after the establishment of the secure, confidential, convenient and fast electronic payment system, can the online electronic e-business develop rapidly and this is the first problem to be solved in the financial computerization.
引文