旧城住区可持续改善参与模式研究及应用
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摘要
城市发展演变的历史也是城市不断“新陈代谢”的过程,随着城市化进程的加快,旧城自身的调节机制无法继续奏效,物质、经济、环境和社会各个层面的新问题不断涌现,在旧城住区表现尤为突出,这也是各国城市发展正在和将要长期面临的问题。
复杂适应系统是系统科学的前沿科学,是从微观到宏观的研究系统行为产生的原理、机制及其演化等的理论。本文借鉴复杂适应系统理论的思想,把旧城住区视作复杂系统,认为旧城住区的环境适应能力和可持续发展能力是以住区中的各个主体间的相互作用和主体与环境的相互作用为基础的,继而提出了旧城住区可持续改善目标,建立了基于复杂适应系统的旧城住区改善参与模式和利益共生运行机制。
首先,以可持续发展战略作为基本出发点,论述了其实现基础——政府引导和公众参与,分析了公众参与理论并归纳了其在国外城市更新和国内旧城改造中的发展和应用;
其次,以武汉市江岸区旧城住区为背景,分析了旧城住区的基本属性构成、对应问题和历史成因,在此基础上,提出了旧城住区可持续改善目标,引入公众参与理论; 继而应用复杂适应系统理论对旧城住区可持续改善作出系统解释,剖析了旧城住区的复杂适应性,论证了复杂适应系统理论对旧城住区的适用性,得出了复杂系统的自组织和适应性特征对旧城住区改善的启示;
然后,本文在分析了旧城住区改善过程中的主体的属性、类别和行为规则、说明了环境对主体的“引诱力和推动力”作用后,从目标、组织和实施途径三个方面构建了基于复杂适应系统的旧城住区改善参与模式;
最后,在分析了我国旧城住区改善参与机制的“被组织”现状基础上,建立了旧城住区改善的利益共生运行机制,就其构成子系统和实施保障展开了探讨; 并结合案例进行了局部仿真分析,提出了相应实施建议。
The development history of city is the constant metabolism course. With the quickening urbanization process, the old city's own adapting mechanism is unable to continue working and the new problems on material, economic, environmental and social aspects are emerging out continuously, particularly in old urban residential area, which we should face in the development process of every city around the world.
Complex Adaptive System is in front line of systematic science and focuses on systematic principle, mechanism and evolvement from microcosmic to macroscopic. Referring to Complex Adaptive System, this thesis regards the old urban residential area as the complex system and considers that the environmental adaptive capacity and sustainable development ability of old urban residential area is emerged in each individual interaction and the interaction between environment and individual. What’s more this thesis puts forward the participation model based on CAS and sets up the commensal profit mechanism of old urban residential area sustainable improvement.
Firstly, the thesis takes the sustainable development theory as the basic point, empahsizes its foundation: government guiding and public participation, and then analyses public participate theory, next summarizes the development and application of public participation in urban renewal in domestic and abroad;
Secondly, this thesis analyses basic feature composition, corresponding problems and historical evolvement of the old urban residential area in the background Jiang’an district, Wuhan, and puts forward the sustainable improvement goal with the application of public participation. After giving a brief introduction of Complex Adaptive System, this thesis uses it to explain sustainable improvement, in addition defines the complex adptive character of old urban residential area , the applicability of CAS and some edification;
Thirdly, this thesis analyzes the feature, classification, behavior rule of participator in
old urban residential area and the "gravitating and driving power" function of the environment, in order to set up the participation model of old urban residential area sustainable improvement based on CAS in three aspects of goal, organization, and mechanism. Finally, the current organized mechanism of implementing public participation in old urban residential area sustainable improvement is discussed, and the commensal profit mechanism is advanced by studying its sub-system and actualizing safeguard. This thesis takes SWARM software as platform to simulate part of the participation model and mechanism and provides relevant proposes to fulfill.
复杂适应系统是系统科学的前沿科学,是从微观到宏观的研究系统行为产生的原理、机制及其演化等的理论。本文借鉴复杂适应系统理论的思想,把旧城住区视作复杂系统,认为旧城住区的环境适应能力和可持续发展能力是以住区中的各个主体间的相互作用和主体与环境的相互作用为基础的,继而提出了旧城住区可持续改善目标,建立了基于复杂适应系统的旧城住区改善参与模式和利益共生运行机制。
首先,以可持续发展战略作为基本出发点,论述了其实现基础——政府引导和公众参与,分析了公众参与理论并归纳了其在国外城市更新和国内旧城改造中的发展和应用;
其次,以武汉市江岸区旧城住区为背景,分析了旧城住区的基本属性构成、对应问题和历史成因,在此基础上,提出了旧城住区可持续改善目标,引入公众参与理论; 继而应用复杂适应系统理论对旧城住区可持续改善作出系统解释,剖析了旧城住区的复杂适应性,论证了复杂适应系统理论对旧城住区的适用性,得出了复杂系统的自组织和适应性特征对旧城住区改善的启示;
然后,本文在分析了旧城住区改善过程中的主体的属性、类别和行为规则、说明了环境对主体的“引诱力和推动力”作用后,从目标、组织和实施途径三个方面构建了基于复杂适应系统的旧城住区改善参与模式;
最后,在分析了我国旧城住区改善参与机制的“被组织”现状基础上,建立了旧城住区改善的利益共生运行机制,就其构成子系统和实施保障展开了探讨; 并结合案例进行了局部仿真分析,提出了相应实施建议。
The development history of city is the constant metabolism course. With the quickening urbanization process, the old city's own adapting mechanism is unable to continue working and the new problems on material, economic, environmental and social aspects are emerging out continuously, particularly in old urban residential area, which we should face in the development process of every city around the world.
Complex Adaptive System is in front line of systematic science and focuses on systematic principle, mechanism and evolvement from microcosmic to macroscopic. Referring to Complex Adaptive System, this thesis regards the old urban residential area as the complex system and considers that the environmental adaptive capacity and sustainable development ability of old urban residential area is emerged in each individual interaction and the interaction between environment and individual. What’s more this thesis puts forward the participation model based on CAS and sets up the commensal profit mechanism of old urban residential area sustainable improvement.
Firstly, the thesis takes the sustainable development theory as the basic point, empahsizes its foundation: government guiding and public participation, and then analyses public participate theory, next summarizes the development and application of public participation in urban renewal in domestic and abroad;
Secondly, this thesis analyses basic feature composition, corresponding problems and historical evolvement of the old urban residential area in the background Jiang’an district, Wuhan, and puts forward the sustainable improvement goal with the application of public participation. After giving a brief introduction of Complex Adaptive System, this thesis uses it to explain sustainable improvement, in addition defines the complex adptive character of old urban residential area , the applicability of CAS and some edification;
Thirdly, this thesis analyzes the feature, classification, behavior rule of participator in
old urban residential area and the "gravitating and driving power" function of the environment, in order to set up the participation model of old urban residential area sustainable improvement based on CAS in three aspects of goal, organization, and mechanism. Finally, the current organized mechanism of implementing public participation in old urban residential area sustainable improvement is discussed, and the commensal profit mechanism is advanced by studying its sub-system and actualizing safeguard. This thesis takes SWARM software as platform to simulate part of the participation model and mechanism and provides relevant proposes to fulfill.
引文
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[2] 王晓鸣. 旧城社区弱势居住群体与居住质量改善研究. 城市规划, 2003(12): 24-29
[3] 汪坚强. “民主化”的更新改造之路. 城市规划, 2002 (7): 43-46
[4] 王晓鸣. 国外城市旧住宅(区)改善研究. 城市规划, 1999(5): 54-57
[5] Wang Xiaoming. Protection, Utilization and Sustainable Improvement for“Linong”Housing in Old City. Proceedings of UICB 2001 Conference, BEIJING CHINA, Oct. 8-10, 2001: 68-71
[6] 资料. 发展观的历史沿革和发展——国际上的几种发展观. 求是, 2004(5): 31-32
[7] 王明恕. 公众参与与我国的可持续发展. 人文杂志, 1998(4): 34-37
[8] 世界环境与发展委员会. 我们共同的未来. 世界知识出版社, 1989: 19
[9] 李小云. 参与式发展概论. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2001: 1-34
[10] 阳建强. 现代城市更新运动趋向. 城市规划, 1995(4): 27-29
[11] 梁鹤年. 公众(市民)参与: 北美的经验与教训. 城市规划, 1999(5): 49-53
[12] 吴茜, 韩忠勇. 国外城市规划管理中的公众参与. 城乡建设, 2000(12): 37-38
[13] 金晶. 国内外城镇规划公众参与的比较及借鉴. 小城镇建设, 2004(3): 66-67
[14] 李艳芳. 美国的环境影响评价公众参与制度. 环境保护, 2001(10): 33-34
[15] Anne Shephered, Christle Bowler. Beyond the Requirements: Improving Public Participation in EIA. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 1997(6): 40
[16] 李天威, 李新民, 王暖春等. 环境影响评价中公众参与机制和方法探讨. 环境科学研究, 1999(2): 36-39
[17] Office of the Environment. Environmental Assessment Requirements and Environmental Review Procedures. The Asian Development Bank, 1993
[18] S R Arnstein. A Ladder of Citizen Participation, J.M.Stein(ed). Classic Readings in Urban Planning, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1995
[19] 中国大百科全书总编辑委员会, 中国大百科全书出版社编辑部. 中国大百科全书: 建筑、园林、城市规划. 北京: 中国大百科全书出版社, 1988
[20] 李其荣. 对立与统一: 城市发展历史逻辑新论. 南京: 东南大学出版社, 2000
[21] 方可. 西方城市更新的发展历程及其启示. 城市规划汇刊, 1998(1): 59-61
[22] Couch, Chris. Urban Renewal: Theory and Practice. London: Macmillan, 1990
[23] Robert K Home, Inner City Regeneration. London: E.&.F.N.Spon, 1982
[24] J Jacobs. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Random Hoouse, 1961: 297
[25] Rachelle Alternman, Goran Cars. Neighbourhood Regeration. London: Mansell Publishing Limited, 1991
[26] Mason M. Agenda 21 and Local Democracy: A British search for New Participatory Forms. In Environmental Democracy. London: Earth-scan, 1999
[27] 陈志诚, 曹荣林, 朱兴平. 国外城市规划公众参与及借鉴. 城市问题, 2003(5): 72-76
[28] 王晓鸣. 旧住宅(区)小康型更新改造与产业化. 城市开发, 1997(7): 11-13
[29] Robinson. D, Dunkley, Public Interest Perspectives in Environmental Law. Chichester: Wiley Chancery, 1995
[30] 王晓鸣. 城市旧住宅(区)更新改造. 住宅科技, 1999(1): 38-42
[31] 汪坚强.“民主化”的更新改造之路——对旧城更新改造中公众参与问题的思考.城市规划,2002(7): 43-46
[32] 陈莹. 中国城市社区建设中的公众参与. 山西青年管理干部学院学报, 2004(2): 47-50
[33] 钱欣. 浅谈城市更新中的公众参与问题. 城市问题, 2001(2): 48-50
[34] 李天威, 李新民. 环境影响评价中公众参与机制和方法探讨. 环境科学研究, 1999(2): 36-39
[35] 叶南客. 都市社会的微观再造——中外城市社区比较新论. 南京: 东南大学出版社, 2003
[36] 徐一大, 吴明伟. 社区规划的公众参与机制. 城市管理, 2003(2): 34-36
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