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纽约全球城市地位的确立及特征分析
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摘要
自从20世纪70年代以来,在全球化和国际分工的作用下,全球范围内出现了一种新型的城市模型,即全球城市。全球城市是全球经济集聚与分散的节点,是以信息网络为桥梁,以城市网络为枢纽发展起来的场所,全球城市不仅拉动着区域经济的发展,也影响着全球经济的走势。纽约是美国的首位都市,也是全球的金融中心。纽约全球城市是全球城市中最具代表性的城市。对纽约全球城市的研究能够更好的掌握全球城市产生和发展的过程,以及全球城市对全球经济所产生的影响。
     全文由绪论、四章正文和结语三个部分构成。绪论部分分为选题缘由、研究目标、研究意义、研究创新和研究不足,以及对国内外相关文献的评述。文献综述部分又分为理论分析、成因分析、作用分析和实证研究等。
     第一章针对纽约全球城市形成的背景进行了系统的分析。经济全球化、美国去工业化以及后工业社会和信息社会的形成是纽约全球城市产生的背景因素。
     第二章考察了纽约全球城市产生的原因以及形成的过程。自从二战后,纽约社会的产业结构发生了巨大的变化,加工制造业在城市经济中的比重逐渐地减少,以服务业为主的后工业经济体制逐渐地形成。
     第三章详细分析了纽约全球城市的特征。纽约是一座移民城市,全球移民与族裔多样性是纽约全球城市的重要特征。纽约族裔多样性不仅使得都市文化多元,也是纽约种族歧视与隔都现象产生的根源。与此同时,移民也为纽约二元劳动力市场提供了人力资源保障。
     第四章用比较分析的方法,对纽约全球城市与东京全球城市、伦敦全球城市洛杉矶全球城市进行比较分析,更加透彻地了解了纽约全球城市产生的原因、形成的过程以及其所具备的特征。
     结语部分是对纽约全球城市地位确立以及其特征分析的总结。经济全球化和产业分离是全球城市产生的根本原因。而跨国公司和生产者服务业的集聚是纽约全球城市产生的直接原因。因此,纽约的去工业化和后工业经济的形成也是纽约全球城市形成的过程。纽约是世界的金融中心,也是全球城市网络的重要节点。所以,纽约全球城市无法孤立的存在。纽约全球城市的全球性功能是衡量纽约全球城市等级的重要标准。族裔多元是纽约全球城市的重要特征,族裔多元对纽约全球城市的社会结构变化产生了重要的影响。
Since the1970s, under the background of globalization and international division oflabor, there was a new type of city model on a global scale, namely, global city. Global city isa node global economic agglomeration and dispersion. It is also a work site based on theinformation network and city network. Global city not only stimulates the regional economicdevelopment, but also affect global economic situation. New York is a primate city ofAmerica and world financial center. New York global city is most representative city in theworld. It will know well emergence and development process of global city and influencingfor world economy by global city that research for New York global city.
     This dissertation is composed of the introduction, four chapters of main body and theconclusion. Introduction comprised by the reason of choosing this topic, research objectives,innovations and shortcomings of this dissertation, and the overview of previous scholars. Theintroduction is composed of theoretical analysis, cause analysis, impact analysis and empiricalstudy etc.
     Chapter one explores the background of New York global city. The background of NewYork global city comprised by economical globalization, de-industrialization of America,formation of post industrial economy and information society of America.
     Chapter two investigates the cause and process of New York global city formation. Aftersecond word war, industrial structure have been changed in New York that economicalproportion of manufacturing industry gradually have been decreased and post industrialeconomy have been formed in the New York society.
     Chapter three analyses the characteristics of New York global city. New York is animmigrant city that global immigrant and ethnic diversity is an important feature of New Yorkglobal city. Ethnic diversity not only generated multi-culture, but also caused racialdiscrimination and ghettoization in New York global city. Furthermore, immigrant isresources for New York dual labor market.
     Chapter four through comparative method explores the formation cause, process andcharacteristic of New York global city, which analyses the difference between New Yorkglobal city and Tokyo global city, London, global city and Los Angeles global city.
     The section of conclusion makes a brief summary about the global city statusestablishment of New York and its characteristic analysis. Economic globalization andindustrial separation are primary cause of forming global city. Moreover, the agglomeration ofmultinational corporation and producer services is immediate cause of forming New Yorkglobal city. Consequently, the process of de-industrialization and formation of post industrialeconomy is also the process of the formation of New York global city. New York is not only aworld financial center, but also an important node of global city network. For this reason,New York global city can not be isolated existence. The global function of New York globalcity is a measure to New York global city in the global city network. Ethnic diversity iscrucial characteristic for New York global city that influence the social structure of New York.
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    ③[美]罗伯特·D·阿特金森、拉诺夫·H·科特尔:《美国新经济——联邦与州》,焦瑞进、刘新利译,北京:人民出版社,2000年,第15页。
    ④[美]沃尔特·亚当斯、詹姆斯·W·布罗克主编:《美国产业结构》,封新建、贾毓玲等译,北京:中国人民大学出
    ①戴尔·乔根森、何民成、凯文·斯德尔:《生产率——信息技术与美国经济复苏》,荆林波、凤永晟译,上海:上海人民出版社,2012,第13-14页。
    ①马歇尔·范·尓斯丁、纳撒尼尔·巴克里:《为什么信息会影响生产力?》,曼纽尔·卡斯泰尔主编:《网络社会——跨文化的视角》,周凯译,北京:社会文献出版社,2009年,第161页。
    ①Saskia Sassen, The Global City-New York, London, Tokyo, New Jersey: Princeton University Press,2001, p. xx.
    ②Gina Sue Neff, Orgnaizaing Uncertainty Individual, Organizational and Institutional Risk in New York`s Internet Idustry,1995-2003, New York: Dissertation from Columbia University,2004, p.64.
    ①杨伯溆:《全球化:起源、发展和影响》,北京:人民出版社,2002年,第3页。
    ②Saskia Sassen, The Global City—New York, London, Tokyo, United States of America: Princeton University Press,2001, p.62.
    ①林广:《移民与纽约城市发展研究》,上海:华东师范大学出版社2008年,第107页。
    ②Saskia Sassen, Cities in a World Economy, Thousand Oaks·London·New Delhi: Pine Forge Press,1994, pp.62-63.
    ③Mark Abrahamson, Global Cities, Oxford: Oxford University Press,2004, P.17.
    ①Saskia Sassen, Cities in a World Economy, Thousand Oaks·London·New Delhi: Pine Forge Press,1994, pp.55-56.
    ②Roger Waldinger, Still Promised City?—African-American and New Immigrants in Postindustrial New York, New York:Harvard University Press,1996, p.39.
    ①Thierry Noyelle,“New York’s Competitiveness”, in Thierry Noyelle ed., New York Financial Markets-The Challenges ofGlobalization, New York: Westview Press,1989, p.110.
    ②屠启宇、金芳等:《金字塔尖的城市国际大都市发展报告》,上海:上海人民出版社,2007年,第6页。
    ③U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census: Statistical Abstract of the United States,1993(Washington D. C.Government Printing Office,1993), p.526.
    ④Saskia Sassen,“On concentration and centrality in the global city”, in Paul L. Knox and Peter J. Taylor eds., World cities ina world-system, Camberidge: Cambridge University Press,1995, p.67.
    ①Saskia Sassen, Cities in a World Economy, Thousand Oaks, California, Pine Forge Press,1994, p.61.
    ②屠启宇、金芳等:《金字塔尖的城市,国际大都市发展报告》,上海:上海人民出版社,2007年,第74页。
    ①屠启宇、金芳等:《金字塔尖的城市,国际大都市发展报告》,上海:上海人民出版社,2007年,第76页。
    ②余佳:《全球城市——经济特质与二元劳动力市场》,上海:学林出版社2010年,第49页。
    ①Roger Waldinger, Still Promised City?—African-American and New Immigrants in Postindustrial New York, New York:Harvard University Press,1996, p.37.
    ②Joseph J. Salvo and Arun PeternLobo,“Immigration and the Changing Demographic Profile of New York”, in Margaret ECrahan and Alberto Vourvoulias-Bush eds., The City and the World New York Global Future, New York: Bookings institutionpress,1997, p.90.
    ①Masha Sinnreich, Report of Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on the Future of New York City-New York World City,Cambridge: Oelgeschlager, Gunn Hain, Publishers, Inc.,1980, p.47.
    ①Richard D. Lambert, Alan W. Heston, The Annals-The American Academy of Political and Social Science,Deindustrialization: Restructuring the Economy, United States of American,1984. p.34.
    ②Finis Welch, Fugitive Industry-The Economics and Politics of Deindustrialization, San Francisco, California: PacificInstitute for Public Policy Research,1984, p.64.
    ①从1978年至1980年间,纽约印刷出版行业就业岗位需求呈上升趋势。笔者认为,印刷出版行业与服务行业密切相关,纽约在此期间服务行业异常繁荣(对此下一章节详细论证),所以,印刷出版也就业情况与其它制造业相反。
    ②State of New York Office of the State Comptroller, Office of the state deputy Comptroller,1995,Recent Trends in the New York City Economy, Technical Memorandum, p.26.
    ③City of New York,1980, Report on Economic Conditions in New York, Office of Management and Budget, Office ofEconomic Development, P.10.
    ①National Commtitte Against Discrimination in Housing, Jobs and Housting-A Study of Employment andHousing Opportunities for Racial Minorities in the Suborban Areas of the New York Metropolitan Region, NewYork: Carnegie Corporation,1970, p.6.
    ②Bruce F. Berg, New York City Politics, Governing Gotham, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press,2007, p.22.
    ③Peter Hall, The World Cities, New York: World University Library,1966, p.118.
    ④David L. Gladstone and Susan S. Fainstein,“The New York and Los Angeles Econimies”, in David Halle ed., New Yorkand Los Angeles-Politics, Society, and Culture, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press,2003, p.88.
    ⑤State of New York Office of the State Comptroller, Office of the state deputy Comptroller,1995, Recent Trends in the NewYork City Economy, Technical Memorandum, p.43.
    ①Thierry Noyelle,“New York’s Competitiveness”, in Thierry Noyelle ed., New York`s Financial Markets-The Challenges ofGlobalization, London Westview Press,1989, p.100.
    ①Jo, Soon-Jhe, The World City Hierarchy and the City Seoul: Operationalizing and Assessing the “World City Hypothesis”,University of Delaware:1992. p.90.
    ①Jo, Soon-Jhe, The World City Hierarchy and the City Seoul: Operationalizing and Assessing the “World City Hypothesis”,University of Delaware:1992. p.95.
    ①[美]曼纽尔·卡斯泰尔:《本土化与全球化——信息时代的城市管理》,姜杰、胡艳蕾、魏述杰译,北京:北京大学出版社,2008年,第16页。
    ①林广:《移民与纽约城市发展研究》,上海:华东师范大学出版社,2007年,第1-2页。
    ②梁茂信:《美国移民政策研究》,长春:东北师范大学出版社,1996年,序言第2页。
    ①林广:《移民与纽约城市发展研究》,上海:华东师大出版社,2007年,第18页。
    ②Roy Simon Bryce-laporte,“New York City and New Caribbean Immigration: A Contextual Statement” InternationalMigration Review, Vol.13, No,2, p.219.
    ③林广:《移民与纽约城市发展研究》,上海:华东师大出版社,2007年,第2页。
    ④[美]乔治·J·兰科维奇:《纽约简史》,辛亨复译,上海,上海人民出版社,2002年,第87-88页。
    ⑤梁茂信:《美国移民政策研究》,长春:东北师范大学出版社,1996年,序言第3页。
    ①U.S. Department of Commerce Rogers C.B. Morton, Historical Statistics of The United States Colonial Time to1970. p.105-106.
    ①林广:《移民与纽约城市发展研究》,上海:华东师范大学出版社,2007年,第34页。
    ②Joseph J. Salvo and Arun Peter Lobo,“Immigration and the Changing Demographic Profile of New York”, in Margaret E.Cranhan and Alberto Vourvoulias-bush eds., The City and the World-New York`s Global Future, New York: BrookingsInstitution Press,1997. p.89.
    ③Joseph J. Salvo and Arun Peter Lobo,“Immigration and the Changing Demographic Profile of New York”, in Margaret E.Cranhan and Alberto Vourvoulias-bush eds., The City and the World-New York`s Global Future, New York: BrookingsInstitution Press,1997. p.89.
    ④Bruce F. Berg, New York City Politics: Governing Gotham, New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press,2007, p.125.
    ①梁茂信:《美国移民政策研究》,长春:东北师范大学出版社,1996年,第303页。
    ②Joseph J. Salvo and Arun Peter Lobo,“Immigration and the Changing Demographic Profile of New York”, in Margaret E.Cranhan andAlberto Vourvoulias-bush eds., The City and the World-New York`s Global Future, New York: BrookingsInstitution Press,1997. p.91.
    ①Joseph J. Salvo and Arun Peter Lobo,“Immigration and the Changing Demographic Profile of New York”, in Margaret E.Cranhan and Alberto Vourvoulias-bush eds., The City and the World-New York`s Global Future, New York: BrookingsInstitution Press,1997. p.102.
    ②Strategic Information Division, Demographic Trends in the NY-NJ Metropolitan Immigration, Analysis of Key Findingsfrom the1990Census of Population, Office of Economic and Policy Analysis the Port Authority of NY and NJ,1995, p.15.
    ①Strategic Information Division, Demographic Trends in the NY-NJ Metropolitan Immigration, Analysis of Key Findingsfrom the1990Census of Population, Office of Economic and Policy Analysis the Port Authority of NY and NJ,1995, p.15.
    ①Roy Simon Bryce-laporte,“New York City and New Caribbean Immigration: A Contextual Statement” InternationalMigration Review, Vol.13, No,2, p.219.
    ①[美]卢瑟·S·利德基主编:《美国特性探索》,龙治芳、唐建文、丁一川、陈致、白已、韩振荣译,北京:中国社会科学出版社,1992年,第10页。
    ②Janet L. Abu-Lughod, New York, Chicago, Los Angeles-America`s Global Cities, University of Minnesota Press, London,p.297.
    ①Janet L. Abu-Lughod, New York, Chicago, Los Angeles-America`s Global Cities, University of Minnesota Press, London,p.298.
    ①孙群郎:《美国城市郊区化研究》,北京:商务印书馆,2005年,序言第1页。
    ①孙群郎:《美国郊区化进程中的黑人种族隔离》,《历史研究》,2012年第6期。
    ②Douglas S. Massey,“Residential Segregation of Spanish Americans in United States Urbanized Areas”, Demography, Vol.16, No.4(Nov.,1979), p.556.
    ③U. S. Commission on Civil Rights, Twenty Years After Brown, A Report of the United State Commission on Civil Right,Washington. D. C.,1979, p.60-62.
    ①U. S. Commission on Civil Rights, Twenty Years After Brown, A Report of the United State Commission on Civil Right,Washington. D. C.,1979, p.89.
    ②Waldinger and Roger David, Still the Promised City? African-Americans and New Immigrants in Postindustrial New York,New York: Harvard College,1999, p.183.
    ①Larry Ford, Ernst Griffin,“The Ghettoization of Paradise”, American Geographical Society, Vol.69,(April,1979), p.141.
    ②David Halle, New York and Los Angeles Politics, Society, and Culture, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press,2003,p.155.
    ①Larry Ford, Ernst Griffin,“The Ghettoization of Paradise”, American Geographical Society, Vol.69,(April,1979), p.145.
    ②Michael T. Maly, Beyond Segregation, Multiracial Multiethnic Neighborhoods in the United States, Philadelphia, TempleUniversity,2005, p.38.
    ①Saskia Sassen, Cities in a World Economy, Thousand Oaks, California, Pine Forge Press,1994, p.65.
    ①Saskia Sassen, Cities in a World Economy, Thousand Oaks: Pine Forge Press,1994, p.107.
    ①Mark Abrahamson, Global Cities, New York Oxford: Oxford University Press,2004,P.99.
    ②Mark Abrahamson, Global Cities, New York Oxford: Oxford University Press,2004,P.100.
    ③Saskia Sassen, Cities in a World Economy, Thousand Oaks: Pine Forge Press,1994,p.115-116.
    ④孙群郎、常丹丹:《美国内城街区的绅士化运动与城市空间的重组》,《历史研究》2007年第2期。
    ①J. R. Short andL. M. Benton, W. B. Luce, J. Walton,“Reconstructing the Image of an Industrial City”Annals of theAssociation of American Geographers, Vol.83, No.2(Jun.,1993), pp.207-208.
    ②Saskia Sassen, Cities in a World Economy, Thousand Oaks, California, Pine Forge Press,1994, p.61.
    ③屠启宇、金芳等:《金字塔尖的城市,国际大都市发展报告》,上海:上海人民出版社,2007年,第15页。
    ④Saskia Sassen, the Global City—New York, London, Tokyo, United States of America: Princeton University Press,2001,p.134.
    ⑤有关纽约产业结构变化在以前章节中已有过详细的阐述,笔者在此不再赘述。
    ①Susan S. Fainstein,“Inequality in Global City-Regions”, Allen J. Scott, Global City-Regions—Trends, Theory, Policy, NewYork: Oxford University Press,2001, p.287.
    ①Yuichi Takeuchi,“the Tokyo Region”, in Roger Simmonds and Gary Hack eds., Global City Regions, New York: SponPress,2000, p.150.
    ②Yasuo Masai,“Greater Tokyo as a Global City” in Richard V. Knight Gary and Gappert eds., Cities in a Global Society,1989, p.154.
    ①John Lie,“Invisibility and Gohabitation in Multiethnic Tokyo”, in Shail Mayaram ed., The other Global City, New York:Routledge,2009, p.162.
    ②Yuichi Takeuchi,“the Tokyo Region” in Roger Simmonds and Gary Hack eds., Global City Regions, New York: SponPress,2000, p.151.
    ①David Clark, Urban World/Global City, New York: Routledge,2003, p.170.
    ②有关跨国公司对全球城市的影响详见第二章第一节“纽约全球城市地位确立的成因分析”。
    ③David F. Keeling,“Transport and the world city paradigm”, in Paul L. Knox and Peter J. Tayloreds., World Cities in aWorld-System, Camberidge: Camberidge University Press,1997, p.123.
    ①United Nations Centre for Human Sttelements (Habitat), Cities in a Globalizing World: Global Repory on HumanSettlements2001, London: Thanet Press,2001, p.71.
    ①Palpha E. Thayer and Robert K. Whelan,“Port Cities Face Comples Challenges” in Richard V. Knight and Gary Gapperteds. Cites in a Global City, London: SAGE Publications,1989, p.121.
    ②Saskia Sassen,“Global Financial Centers”, Foreign Affairs, Vol.78, No.1(Jan.-Feb.,1999), p.77.
    ③Saskia Sassen,“Global Financial Centers”, Foreign Affairs, Vol.78, No.1(Jan.-Feb.,1999), p.83.
    ①Sir Peter Hall,“Global City-Regions in the Thwenty-First Century”, in Aleen J. Scoot ed., Global City-Regions: Trends,Theory, Policy, Oxford: Oxford University Press,2001, pp.65-67.
    ②笔者认为,大卫·克拉克笔下的世界城市即是全球城市,或具备全球城市的众多特征。
    ③David Clark, Urban World Global City, London: Routledge, pp.160-161.
    ④Richard V. Knight,“The Emergent Global City” in Richard V. Knight and Gary Gappert eds. Cites in a Global City,London: SAGE Publications,1989, p.41.
    ①Richard V. Knight,“The Emergent Global City” in Richard V. Knight and Gary Gappert eds., Cites in a Global City,London: SAGE Publications,1989, p.41.
    ②Susan S.“Fainstein, Inequality in Global City-Regions” in Allen J. Scott ed., Global City-Regions-Thrends, Theory, Policy,Oxford: Oxford University Press,2000, pp.288-289.
    ③[美]丹尼尔·贝尔:《后工业会社的来临——对社会预测的一项探索》,高铦、王宏周、魏章玲译,北京:新华出版社,1997年,1976年版前言第9页。
    ①Peter Hall, The World Cities, New York: World University Library,1966, p.184.
    ②The Individual Investoes Complete Sourcebook on the Basica of Investing, The New York Institute of Finace, New York:NYIF Company,1992, p.1.
    ③Roger Waldinger, Still the Promised City? African-Americans and New York Immigrants in Postindustriial New York,Boston: Harvard College Press,1999, p.44.
    ④Micnel S. Laguerre, Urban Muticulturalism and Globalization in New York City, Berkeley: University of California, p.7.
    ⑤笔者认为,世界城市虽然不是严格意义上的全球城市,但它是全球城市的雏形。对世界城市和世界城市理论的研究,有助于我们更加全面和透彻的了解全球城市的发展过程。
    ⑥Peter Hall, The World Cities, New York: World University Library,1966, p.7.
    ①Paul L. Knox and Peter J. Taylor, World cities in a world-system, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1995, pp.25-26.
    ②[西]博尔哈、[美]曼纽尔·卡斯泰尔:《本土化与全球化——信息时代的城市管理》,姜杰、胡艳蕾译,北京:北京大学出版社,2008,第1页。
    ③Saskia Sassen, Urban Impacts of Economc Globalization, Washington, DC: Comparative Urban Studies Occasional Papers,The Woodrow Wilson International Certer for Scholars,1991, p.2.
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    1[美]丝奇雅·沙森著:《全球城市——纽约伦敦东京》,周振华等译,上海:上海社会科学出版社,2001年。
    2丁则民:《美国内战与镀金时代》,北京:人民出版社,1990年。
    3孙群郎:《美国城市郊区化研究》,北京:商务印书馆,2005年。
    4王旭:《美国城市发展模式——从城市化到大都市华》,北京:清华大学出版社,2006年。
    5王旭:《美国城市化的历史解读》,长沙:岳麓书社,2003年。
    6[德]卡尔·马克思著:《资本论》,曾令先等译,北京:商务印书馆,2007年。
    7[德]希法亭:《金融资本》,曾令先等译,重庆:重庆出版社,2008年。
    8[英]亚当·斯密著:《国富论》,唐日松等译,北京:华夏出版社,2005年。
    9[美]查尔斯·P·金德尔伯格著:《西欧金融史》,徐子键等译,北京:中国金融出版社,2007年。
    10[德]马克斯·韦伯著:《经济史纲》,胡长明译,北京:人民日报出版社,2009年。
    11[德]马克斯·韦伯著:《非正当性支配——城市的类型学》,康乐,简惠美译,桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2005年。
    12[英]戴维·贾奇著:《城市政治学理论》,刘晔译,上海:上海人民出版社,2009年。
    13薛求知:《当代跨国公司新理论》,上海:复旦大学出版社,2007年。
    14张小蒂:《国际投资与跨国公司》,杭州:浙江大学出版社,2004年。
    15李少星、顾朝林:《全球化与国家城市区域空间重构》,南京:东南大学出版社,2010。
    16艾瑞克·洪伯格著:《纽约地标——文化和文学意象中的城市文明》,翟荔丽译,长沙:湖南教育出版社,2006年。
    17[美]曼纽尔·卡斯泰尔主编:《网络社会——跨文化的视角》,周凯译,北京:社会文献出版社,2009年。
    18[英]拉法尔·卡普林斯基著:《夹缝中的全球化——贫困与不平等中的生存与发展》,顾秀林译,北京:知识产权出版社,2008年。
    19[美]沃尔特·亚当斯,詹姆斯·W·布罗克主编:《美国产业结构》,封新建,贾毓玲等译,北京:中国人民大学出版社,2009年。
    20[法]弗朗索瓦·沙奈著:《资本全球化》,齐建华译,北京:中央编译出版社,2001。
    21[美]曼纽尔·卡斯泰尔著:《网络银河——对互联网、商业和社会的反思》,郑波,吴炜译,北京:社会科学出版社,2007年。
    22[英]戴维·赫德尔、安东尼·麦克格鲁[主编]:《全球化理论——研究路径与理论争论》,王生才译,北京:社会科学文献出版社,2007年。
    23[美]曼纽尔·卡斯泰尔著:《千年终结》,夏铸九,黄慧琦译,北京社会科学文献出版社,2006年。
    24[美]罗伯特·D·阿特金森、拉诺夫·H·科特尔著:《美国新经济——联邦与州》,焦瑞进,刘新利译,北京:人民出版社,2000年。
    25包明友:《从衰退到复苏——纽约经济笔记2008-2010》,北京:中国金融出版社,2011年。
    26张豋文:《经济全球化与后资本主义国家》,北京:人民出版社,2007年。
    27屠启宇、金芳等:《金字塔尖的城市——国际大都市发展报告》,上海:上海人民出版社,2007年。
    28[美]乔尔·科特金著:《全球城市史》,王旭等译,北京:社会科学文献出版社,2010年。
    29[美]乔治·J·兰科维奇著:《纽约简史》,辛亨复译,上海:上海人民出版社,2002年。
    30梁茂信:《都市化时代——20世纪美国人口流动与城市社会问题》,长春:东北师范大学出版社,2002年。
    31[美]曼纽尔·卡斯泰尔著:《本土化与全球化——信息时代的城市管理》,姜杰胡艳蕾魏述杰译,北京:北京大学出版社,2008年。
    32[西班牙]圭拉姆·德拉德赫萨著:《全球化博弈》,董凌云译,北京:北京大学出版社,2009年。
    33周振华:《崛起中的全球城市——理论框架及中国模式研究》,上海:上海人民出版社,2007年。
    34张友论:《美国的独立和初步繁荣——1775-1860》,北京:人民出版社,2002年。
    35吉尔伯特·C·菲特、吉姆·E·里斯:《美国经济史》,司徒淳,方秉铸译,沈阳:辽宁人民出版社,1981年。
    36丹尼尔·贝尔:《后工业社会的来临——对社会预测的一项探索》,高铦,王宏周。魏章玲译,北京:新华出版社,1997年。
    37戴尔·乔根森、何民成、凯文·斯德尔:《生产率——信息技术与美国经济复苏》,荆林波,凤永晟译,上海:上海人民出版社,2012。
    38陈建华:《信息化、产业发展与城市空间相应》,北京:社会科学文献出版社,2010年。
    39林广:《移民与纽约城市发展研究》,上海:华东师大出版社,2007年。
    40梁茂信:《美国移民政策研究》,长春:东北师范大学出版社,1996年。
    41[美]卢瑟·S·利德基主编:《美国特性探索》,龙治芳,唐建文,丁一川,陈致,白已,韩振荣译,北京:中国社会科学出版社,1992年。五、中文期刊:
    1李志刚:《“全球城市”极化与上海社会空间分异研究》,《地理科学》,2007年第3期,。
    2吴丹等:《上海与几大“全球城市”在经济层面的比较》,《安徽农业科学》,2007年第35期。
    3褚劲风:《试论全球城市的基本特征》,《人文地理》,1996年第2期。
    4[英]皮得·霍尔(著),陈闽齐(译):《全球城市》,《国外规划》,2004年第4期。
    5李志刚等:《打造城市的黄金时代——皮得·霍尔的城市世界》,《国外规划》,2004年第4期。
    6赵云伟:《当代全球城市的城市空间重组》,《国外城市规划》,2001年,第5期。
    7[美]Diane E Davis:《全球背景中的城市:学术史概要》,《国外城市规划》,2006年第6期。
    8周振华:《全球城市区域:全球城市发展的地域空间基础》,《天津社会科学》,2007年第1期。
    9顾朝林:《从长三角城市群看上海全球城市建设》,《地域研究与开发》,2007年第1期。
    10孙斌栋:《合作型的全球城市——德国城市体系研究极其对上海的启示》,《国际城市规划》,2008年第6期。
    11蒲玉梅:《纽约成为全球性城市发展道路的分析》,《广西广播电视大学学报》,2008,年第3期。
    12马小宁:《洛杉矶:从地区性中心城市到全球性城市的研究》,《人文地理》,2007年第2期。
    13要英等:《全球城市:国际竞争的最新产物》,《上海经济研究》,2008年第3期。
    14谢守红:《西方世界城市理论的发展与启示》,《城市经济》,2008年第1期。
    15周振华:《全球化、全球城市网络与全球城市的逻辑关系》,《社会科学》,2006年第10期。
    16马庆斌等:《全球化背景下的北京城市竞争力演变与提升模式创新》,《华中师范大学学报》,2007年第1期。
    17林广:《19世纪纽约外来移民的历史解析》,《浙江学刊》,2009年第6期。
    18王旭:《1975年纽约市财政危机》,《华中师范大学学报》,2011年第4期。
    19王晖:《北京市与纽约市文化创意产业集聚区比较研究》,《北京社会科学》,2010年第6期。
    20郭宝强:《从费城到纽约-美国金融中心的变迁及其原因》,《华东师范大学学报》,2000年第6期。
    21张爱民:《二战后纽约市经济地位的变迁及对上海的启示》,《华东师范大学学报》,2002年第3期。
    22王朝晖:《格林威治村与纽约都市的变迁》,《厦门理工学院学报》,2009年第4期。
    23车春鹂高汝熹:《国际三大都市圈中心城市产业布局实证研究及其启示》,《科技管理研究》,2009年第9期。
    24姜立杰、黄际英:《论20世纪七大十年代纽约产业结构的转型,》《东北师大学报》,2001年第2期。
    25张爱民:《论战后纽约经济结构和地位变化的基本经验》,《安徽师范学院学报》,1997年第1期。
    26郭尚新:《美国工业化、城市化与基督教》,《江西师范大学学报》,1993年第3期。
    27孙群郎:《美国近代郊区化及其原因》,《河北师范大学学报》,2002年第5期。
    28武廷海:《纽约大都市地区规划的历史与现状》,《区域规划》,2000年第21期。
    29李强、王珊:《纽约的分区制及其启示》,《城市规划学刊》,2005年第5期。
    30孙群郎、王乘鹏:《纽约全球城市地位的确立及其面临的挑战》,《福建师范大学学报》,2012年第2期。
    31孙群郎、郑殿娟:《西方发达国家后工业城市的主要特征》,《社会科学战线》,2007年第5期。
    32孙群郎、常丹丹:《美国内城街区的绅士化运动与城市空间的重组》,《历史研究》2007年第2期。
    33孙群郎:《美国郊区化进程中的黑人种族隔离》,《历史研究》,2012年第6期。
    1韩可胜:《CBD的经济结构与政府管理模式研究——国际经验与上海陆家嘴的实践》,博士学位论文,华东师范大学,2008。
    2李清娟:《产业发展与城市化》,博士论文,复旦大学,2003。
    3张旭亮:《本地市场到新国际劳动分工:浙江省的城市发展动力》,博士论文,华东师范大学,2011。
    4李建:《从全球生产网络到大都市区生产空间组织》,博士论文,华东师范大学,2008。
    5曹传新:《大都市区形成演化机理与调控研究》,博士论文,东北师范大学,2004。
    6石永林:《基于可持续发展的生态城市建设研究》,博士论文,哈尔滨工业大学,2006。
    7陈志洪:《九十年代上海产业结构变化实证研究》,博士论文,复旦大学,2003。
    8徐毅松:《迈向全球城市的规划思考——上海城市空间发展战略研究》,博士论文,同济大学,2006。
    9武前波:《企业空间组织和城市与区域空间重塑》,博士论文,华东师范大学,2009。
    10诉立峰:《全球金融中心演进规律的实证研究-以伦敦和纽约为例》,博士论文,华东师范大学,2009。
    11吴晓隽:《上海大都市圈的结构及功能体系研究》,博士论文,复旦大学,2006。
    12高运胜:《上海生产性服务业集聚区发展模式研究》,博士论文,同济大学,2008。
    13吴燕:《上海知识服务业发展研究》,博士论文,复旦大学,2007。
    14汪明峰:《网络空间的生产与消费——中国互联网的地理学透视》,博士论文,华东师范大学,2005。
    15蔡良娃:《信息化空间观念与信息化城市的空间发展研究》,博士论文,天津大学,2006。
    16曹红阳:《中国的世界城市发展道路研究-以北京为例》,博士论文,东北师范大学,2007。
    17姚为群:《论全球城市的经济成因》,博士论文,复旦大学,2001。

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