山区风特性参数及钢桁架悬索桥颤振稳定性研究
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摘要
山区桥梁抗风是风工程领域的难点。国内外针对山区桥梁抗风的研究很少，文献资料匮乏，桥址附近的实测气象资料也严重不足。本文针对目前桥梁抗风规范中比较薄弱山区桥梁抗风问题，以位于山区的贵州北盘江特大桥与湖北四渡河大桥所在周边地形为研究对象，开展了大型地形模拟风洞试验、桥位风观测和数值分析，探索了山区桥址风场分布规律。并在此基础上对山区桥梁的设计风速进行了合理的统计推断。并结合北盘江特大桥，对桁架加劲梁悬索桥的抗风性能开展研究。本文在理论和方法上的进步主要表现在以下几个方面：
(1)通过一些山区桥址地形风特性试验研究和桥位风观测分析得到典型山区桥位风场的分布规律。
(2)结合桥址地形模拟风洞试验结果，对附近气象台站的气象资料进行统计推断，提出一种确定山区桥位设计基准风速的梯度风速修正法。
(3)基于FLUENT平台实现对山区地形风特性的CFD数值模拟。
(4)在国内开展了桁架加劲梁悬索桥全桥气弹模型风洞试验，并在气弹模型设计中提出了一种采用单梁模拟桁架加劲梁的刚度且合理简化桁架加劲梁外衣的方法。
(5)提出颤振发生两个必要条件：a．主梁断面气动力合力作用点位置不断左右交替偏离扭心，因此必然存在沿横桥向漂移的较大尺度的旋涡；b．旋涡沿下游漂移速度必须与断面运动速度存在相关性。
(6)发展了用于分析大跨度桥梁气动耦合颤振方法，提出了一种实用的全模态分析方法—最小颤振频率法。
Wind-resistance of bridges in mountainous area is a difficulty in the wind engineering realm. The research on this area is deficient at home and abroad, so the relative literatures and the first hand meteorological data around the bridge sites are lack. The purpose of this paper is to solve the present problems in mountainous area which are weak in the wind-resistance code of bridges. Both the surrounding terrain around Beipan river Bridge sited in Guizhou Province and the Sidu river Bridge sited in Hubei Province are chosen for research, the wind tunnel tests of large domain terrain simulation are carried out to investigate the distribution of the wind field in mountainous area. As a result, the design wind speed of bridges located in mountainous area is reasonably deduced. On the basis of Beipan river Bridge, which is a suspension bridge with the truss stiffened girder, the wind-resistance performance of this kind of bridge is carried out by means of wind tunnel tests and numerical analysis. The progress of the dissertation in theory and method is expressed mainly as following aspects:
(1) The distribution of wind characteristics is partially obtained through wind tunnel tests for some typical terrain around bridges sited in the mountainous area.
(2) Depending on experimental results, a method to determine the design wind speed of bridges in mountainous area is put forward through statistically analyzing the meteorological data of the meteorological station nearby.
(3) Numerical simulation of the wind characteristics in the large domain mountainous area is put into practice based on CFD.
(4) The wind tunnel tests of full scale aeroelastic model of suspension bridge with
(1)通过一些山区桥址地形风特性试验研究和桥位风观测分析得到典型山区桥位风场的分布规律。
(2)结合桥址地形模拟风洞试验结果，对附近气象台站的气象资料进行统计推断，提出一种确定山区桥位设计基准风速的梯度风速修正法。
(3)基于FLUENT平台实现对山区地形风特性的CFD数值模拟。
(4)在国内开展了桁架加劲梁悬索桥全桥气弹模型风洞试验，并在气弹模型设计中提出了一种采用单梁模拟桁架加劲梁的刚度且合理简化桁架加劲梁外衣的方法。
(5)提出颤振发生两个必要条件：a．主梁断面气动力合力作用点位置不断左右交替偏离扭心，因此必然存在沿横桥向漂移的较大尺度的旋涡；b．旋涡沿下游漂移速度必须与断面运动速度存在相关性。
(6)发展了用于分析大跨度桥梁气动耦合颤振方法，提出了一种实用的全模态分析方法—最小颤振频率法。
Wind-resistance of bridges in mountainous area is a difficulty in the wind engineering realm. The research on this area is deficient at home and abroad, so the relative literatures and the first hand meteorological data around the bridge sites are lack. The purpose of this paper is to solve the present problems in mountainous area which are weak in the wind-resistance code of bridges. Both the surrounding terrain around Beipan river Bridge sited in Guizhou Province and the Sidu river Bridge sited in Hubei Province are chosen for research, the wind tunnel tests of large domain terrain simulation are carried out to investigate the distribution of the wind field in mountainous area. As a result, the design wind speed of bridges located in mountainous area is reasonably deduced. On the basis of Beipan river Bridge, which is a suspension bridge with the truss stiffened girder, the wind-resistance performance of this kind of bridge is carried out by means of wind tunnel tests and numerical analysis. The progress of the dissertation in theory and method is expressed mainly as following aspects:
(1) The distribution of wind characteristics is partially obtained through wind tunnel tests for some typical terrain around bridges sited in the mountainous area.
(2) Depending on experimental results, a method to determine the design wind speed of bridges in mountainous area is put forward through statistically analyzing the meteorological data of the meteorological station nearby.
(3) Numerical simulation of the wind characteristics in the large domain mountainous area is put into practice based on CFD.
(4) The wind tunnel tests of full scale aeroelastic model of suspension bridge with
引文
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