风电场建模及风电场能量管理系统的设计
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摘要
合理可靠的风电场模型是研究风电并网技术的前提,也是建立并优化风电场管理系统的必要条件。目前,风电场模型不合理、并网管理不完善、安全管理机制不健全、并网配套工程滞后等问题已经成为建设风电场急需解决的关键问题。
因此,本论文以建立合理可靠的风电场模型及能量管理机制为目标,围绕考虑尾流效应的风电场动态模型及其能量管理系统展开研究。
首先,本论文建立了永磁同步发电机数学模型、全功率变流器数学模型以及变流器控制系统模型；根据永磁直驱风电机组数学模型搭建了1.5MW永磁直驱风电机组仿真模型,对单台风电机组及其控制策略进行了仿真验证。
其次,基于单台风电机组模型建立了考虑尾流效应和时滞效应的风电场动态模型；通过建立90MW风电场仿真算例,分别研究了考虑尾流效应、时滞效应以及二者综合效应的风电场在渐变风、阵风、随机风下的输出特性。
第三,本论文研究了风电场中各台风电机组动态变化行为的内在相关性,并以异构自律分散系统确信性技术为基础,从数据视点、通信视点、应用视点、系统视点四个层面建立了风电场能量管理系统框架。
最后,应用统一建模语言(UML)的静态和动态建模方法对风电场确信性技术管理系统进行了系统设计,并以kingview6.5软件为开发平台,制作了风电场能量管理系统软件。
本论文中考虑尾流效应的风电场模型的相关研究结论以及建立的风电场能量管理系统设计方案对优化风电场运行管理机制、提高风电场生产效率有一定的工程应用价值。
Reasonable and reliable model of wind farm is the premise to study integration technology of wind power and is also a necessary condition for the establishment and optimization of wind farm management system. Nowadays, it is negative effect produced by wake effect of wind farm, imperfect integration management, defective management mechanism of wind farm that have become key problems which need to be resolved urgently for founding wind farms.
Therefore, in order to found reasonable and reliable model of wind farm and energy management system, the dissertation conducts the study regarding wind farm dynamic model with wake effects and energy management system.
First of all, a mathematical model of permanent magnet synchronous generator, full power converter and the converter control system model is established, at the same time, the simulated model of 1.5MW direct drive permanent magnet wind turbine and single wind turbine and its control strategy simulated model is also built, which is based on their mathematical model.
Second, the dynamic model of wind farm with wake effect and the time-delay effect is built. The output property of wind farm with wake effect, time-delay effect and the combined effect in the condition of gradient wind, gust, of random wind is separately studied by founding a 90MW wind farm simulation example.
Third, the dissertation has researched the inherent relationship among wind generators in the wind farm.And wind farm energy management system framework has been established from perspective of data, communication, application and system, which is based on heterogeneous autonomous decentralized system technologies.
Finally, the dissertation has designed management system of the wind farm based on assurance by using the Unified Modeling Language (UML), including static and dynamic modeling method. Meanwhile, the dissertation has made the wind farm's energy management system software based on kingview6.5 software.
因此,本论文以建立合理可靠的风电场模型及能量管理机制为目标,围绕考虑尾流效应的风电场动态模型及其能量管理系统展开研究。
首先,本论文建立了永磁同步发电机数学模型、全功率变流器数学模型以及变流器控制系统模型；根据永磁直驱风电机组数学模型搭建了1.5MW永磁直驱风电机组仿真模型,对单台风电机组及其控制策略进行了仿真验证。
其次,基于单台风电机组模型建立了考虑尾流效应和时滞效应的风电场动态模型；通过建立90MW风电场仿真算例,分别研究了考虑尾流效应、时滞效应以及二者综合效应的风电场在渐变风、阵风、随机风下的输出特性。
第三,本论文研究了风电场中各台风电机组动态变化行为的内在相关性,并以异构自律分散系统确信性技术为基础,从数据视点、通信视点、应用视点、系统视点四个层面建立了风电场能量管理系统框架。
最后,应用统一建模语言(UML)的静态和动态建模方法对风电场确信性技术管理系统进行了系统设计,并以kingview6.5软件为开发平台,制作了风电场能量管理系统软件。
本论文中考虑尾流效应的风电场模型的相关研究结论以及建立的风电场能量管理系统设计方案对优化风电场运行管理机制、提高风电场生产效率有一定的工程应用价值。
Reasonable and reliable model of wind farm is the premise to study integration technology of wind power and is also a necessary condition for the establishment and optimization of wind farm management system. Nowadays, it is negative effect produced by wake effect of wind farm, imperfect integration management, defective management mechanism of wind farm that have become key problems which need to be resolved urgently for founding wind farms.
Therefore, in order to found reasonable and reliable model of wind farm and energy management system, the dissertation conducts the study regarding wind farm dynamic model with wake effects and energy management system.
First of all, a mathematical model of permanent magnet synchronous generator, full power converter and the converter control system model is established, at the same time, the simulated model of 1.5MW direct drive permanent magnet wind turbine and single wind turbine and its control strategy simulated model is also built, which is based on their mathematical model.
Second, the dynamic model of wind farm with wake effect and the time-delay effect is built. The output property of wind farm with wake effect, time-delay effect and the combined effect in the condition of gradient wind, gust, of random wind is separately studied by founding a 90MW wind farm simulation example.
Third, the dissertation has researched the inherent relationship among wind generators in the wind farm.And wind farm energy management system framework has been established from perspective of data, communication, application and system, which is based on heterogeneous autonomous decentralized system technologies.
Finally, the dissertation has designed management system of the wind farm based on assurance by using the Unified Modeling Language (UML), including static and dynamic modeling method. Meanwhile, the dissertation has made the wind farm's energy management system software based on kingview6.5 software.
引文
[1]BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2009.
[2]迟远英.基于低碳经济视角的中国风电产业发展研究[D].吉林大学博士学位论文.2008：3-4
[3]任力.低碳经济与中国社会可持续发展[J].社会科学家.2009,2：47-49
[4]迟永宁.大型风电场接入电网的稳定性问题研究[D].中国电力科学研究院博士学位论文.2006
[5]2009年中国风电产业发展研究报告[R].2009
[6]国网北京经济技术研究院.七个千万千瓦风电基地输电系统规划设计[EB/OL].(2010-07-2)[2011-04-20]http://www.chinasperi.sgcc.com.cn/read.asp?fil eid=3743
[7]中国可再生能源学会风能专委会.2010年中国风电装机容量统计[R].2011
[8]李新民.中国风电从高速增长到持续健康[EB/OL].(2011-04-11)[2011-04-20] http://business.sohu.com/20110411/n280210922.shtml
[9]关宏亮.大规模风电场接入电力系统的小干扰稳定性研究[D].华北电力大学博士学位论文.2008
[10]苏勋文.风电场动态等值建模方法研究[D].华北电力大学博士学位论文.2010.
[11]V.Akhmatov. An aggregate model of a grid-connected, large scale, offshore wind farm for power stability investigations-importance of windmill mechanical system. Electric Power Systems Research.2004,24
[12]李先奇.变速风电机组风电场并网的系统电压稳定性研究[D].华中科技大学博士学位论文.2008
[13]L.M. Fernandez. Aggregated dynamic model for wind farms with doubly fed induction generator wind turbines. Renewable Energy.2008,33.
[14]潘文霞.大型风电场电压稳定性分析与控制研究[D].河海大学博士学位论文.2004
[15]J.G. Slootweg. Aggregated Modeling of Wind Parks in Power System Dynamics Simulationsr[C].2003 IEEE Bologna Power Tech conference.2003, June,23th-26, Bologna, Italy.
[16]Vladislav Akhmatov. Analysis of dynamic behavior of electric power systems with large amount of wind power[D].Technical university of Denmark.2003.
[17]Nayeem R. Ullah, Ake Larsson, Andreas Petersson, and Daniel Karlsson. Detailed Modeling for Large Scale Wind Power Installations-A Real Project Case Study[C]. DRPT. Nanjing China.2008.
[18]J.A. Sanchez. C. Veganzones. S. Martinez. Dynamic model of wind energy conversion systems with variable speed synchronous generator and full-size power converter for large-scale power system stability studies[J]. Renewable Energy, 2008,33:1186-1198
[19]Jonathan Rose Ian A. Hiskens. Estimating Wind Turbine Parameters and Quantifying Their Effects on Dynamic Behavior[C]. IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA, July 2008.
[20]J. G. Slootweg, S. W. H. de Haan, General Model for Representing Variable Speed Wind Turbines in Power System Dynamics Simulations[J]. IEEE transaction on power systems, vol.18, NO.1.2003.
[21]F. Shewarega. I. Erlich. Impact of Large Offshore Wind Farms on Power System Transient Stability[C]. PSCE 2009
[22]I. Erlich, F. Shewarega. Insert Impact of Large-Scale Wind Power Generation on the Dynamic Behavior of interconnected Systems[C].2007 iREP Symposium-Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control. Charleston, SC, USA.2007
[23]A.Lebioda. Investigation of Disposable Reserve Power in a Large-Scale Wind Farm[J]. IEEE Power Tech, Russia.2005
[24]Hannele Holttinen. The impact of large scale wind power production on the Nordic electricity system[D]. Helsinki university of Technology. December.2004.
[25]Terje Gjengedal. Large-scale Wind Power Farms as Power Plants[J]. Wind energy.2005;8:361-373
[26]Yuriy Kazachkov. Modeling Wind Farms for Power System Load Flow and Stability Studies[J].
[27]Fei Ye, Xueliang Huang,Chaoming Wang,The Impact and Simulation on Large Wind Farm Connected to Power System. DRPT 6-9 April Nanjing China.2008
[28]侯君基于B/S模式的风力发电机组远程监控系统的研究与设计[D].沈阳工业大学硕士学位论文.2009.
[29]F.W.Koch, I.Erlich, Dynamic simulation of large wind farms integrated in a multi-machine network[C]. IEEE PES 2003 General Meeting, Toronto, pp 1-3
[30]国家电网.国家电网风电场接入电网技术规定[S],2008.2
[31]周杰娜现代电力系统调度自动化[M].重庆大学出版社,2008
[32]江艺芬eXtremeDB内存数据库在风电场能量管理系统的应用[D].广东工业大学硕士学位论文.2007.4
[33]王成大型风电场监控系统无线网络设计研究[D].上海交通大学硕士学位论文.2009
[34]Akarin Suwannarat, Birgitte Bak-Jensen, Zhe Chen. Power systems stability with large-scale wind power penetration[J].
[35]王伟,朱凌志具有电网接入控制功能的风电场能量管理系统[P]http://zhuanli.baidu.com/pages/sipo/20081012/38/11c5977b43dceld90f0a0f5d3ee679cc_0.ht ml
[36]卓张华周玲徐强风电场监控系统现状和趋势综述[J]中国科技论文在线http://www.paper.edu.cn
[37]国务院国有资产监督管理委员会国家电网黑龙江公司风电场发电管理系统投运[EB/OL]. (2010-05-10)[2011-04-20]http://finance.sina.com.cn/chanjing/ gsnews/20100510/09543315271. shtml
[38]范高锋,王伟胜,刘纯,戴慧珠基于人工神经网络的风电功率预测[J].中国电机工程学报.2008,Vol.28 No.34：118-119
[39]张艳青基于神经网络的风电场风速及输出功率预测研究[D].华北电力大学,2009
[40]李建林风力发电中的电力电子变流技术[M].机械工业出版社,2009
[41]Wei Qiao. Integrated control of wind farms FACTS devices and the power network using neural networks and adaptive critic designs[D]. Georgia Institute of Technology. August 2008
[42]陈瑶直驱型风力发电系统全功率并网变流技术的研究[D].北京交通大学博士学位论文,2008.6
[43]郑睿敏,李建华,李作红,刘议华考虑尾流效应的风电场建模以及随机潮流计算[J]西安交通大学学报.2008,Vol.42
[44]陈树勇,戴慧珠,白晓民,周孝信尾流效应对风电场输出功率的影响[J].中国电力.1998.11
[45]M Garcia-Gracia, MP Comech, J Sallan Modelling wind farms for grid disturbance studies[J]. Renewable energy.2008,33:9
[46]陈晓明风场与风力机尾流模型研究[J].兰州理工大学硕士学位论文.2010
[47]西北矿冶研究院风电场工程建设项目环境影响报告[R].2008
[48]Tan Yongdong, Li Qunzhan. Autonomous Coordination in Sensor Networks: Heterogeneous ADS[A].Proceedings of The Sixth International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems, ISADS 2003[C].
[49]谭永东自律分散系统动态进化问题研究[D].西南交通大学博士学位论文.2007.4
[50]陈勇春从Matlab/Simulink模型到代码实现[M].清华大学出版社,2002
[51]苏金明刘宏刘波MATLAB高级编程[M].电子工业出版社,2005
[52]刘莉莉,段斌基于IEC61850的风电场SCADA系统安全访问控制模型设计[J].电网技术.2008,32：76
[53]龙讯柴建云基于组态软件的风电场远程监控系统的研发[J].能源与环境.2007,2：76
[54]Larman, Craig. Applying UML and patterns:an introduction to object-oriented analysis and design and iterative development. China Machine Press,2006.
[2]迟远英.基于低碳经济视角的中国风电产业发展研究[D].吉林大学博士学位论文.2008：3-4
[3]任力.低碳经济与中国社会可持续发展[J].社会科学家.2009,2：47-49
[4]迟永宁.大型风电场接入电网的稳定性问题研究[D].中国电力科学研究院博士学位论文.2006
[5]2009年中国风电产业发展研究报告[R].2009
[6]国网北京经济技术研究院.七个千万千瓦风电基地输电系统规划设计[EB/OL].(2010-07-2)[2011-04-20]http://www.chinasperi.sgcc.com.cn/read.asp?fil eid=3743
[7]中国可再生能源学会风能专委会.2010年中国风电装机容量统计[R].2011
[8]李新民.中国风电从高速增长到持续健康[EB/OL].(2011-04-11)[2011-04-20] http://business.sohu.com/20110411/n280210922.shtml
[9]关宏亮.大规模风电场接入电力系统的小干扰稳定性研究[D].华北电力大学博士学位论文.2008
[10]苏勋文.风电场动态等值建模方法研究[D].华北电力大学博士学位论文.2010.
[11]V.Akhmatov. An aggregate model of a grid-connected, large scale, offshore wind farm for power stability investigations-importance of windmill mechanical system. Electric Power Systems Research.2004,24
[12]李先奇.变速风电机组风电场并网的系统电压稳定性研究[D].华中科技大学博士学位论文.2008
[13]L.M. Fernandez. Aggregated dynamic model for wind farms with doubly fed induction generator wind turbines. Renewable Energy.2008,33.
[14]潘文霞.大型风电场电压稳定性分析与控制研究[D].河海大学博士学位论文.2004
[15]J.G. Slootweg. Aggregated Modeling of Wind Parks in Power System Dynamics Simulationsr[C].2003 IEEE Bologna Power Tech conference.2003, June,23th-26, Bologna, Italy.
[16]Vladislav Akhmatov. Analysis of dynamic behavior of electric power systems with large amount of wind power[D].Technical university of Denmark.2003.
[17]Nayeem R. Ullah, Ake Larsson, Andreas Petersson, and Daniel Karlsson. Detailed Modeling for Large Scale Wind Power Installations-A Real Project Case Study[C]. DRPT. Nanjing China.2008.
[18]J.A. Sanchez. C. Veganzones. S. Martinez. Dynamic model of wind energy conversion systems with variable speed synchronous generator and full-size power converter for large-scale power system stability studies[J]. Renewable Energy, 2008,33:1186-1198
[19]Jonathan Rose Ian A. Hiskens. Estimating Wind Turbine Parameters and Quantifying Their Effects on Dynamic Behavior[C]. IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA, July 2008.
[20]J. G. Slootweg, S. W. H. de Haan, General Model for Representing Variable Speed Wind Turbines in Power System Dynamics Simulations[J]. IEEE transaction on power systems, vol.18, NO.1.2003.
[21]F. Shewarega. I. Erlich. Impact of Large Offshore Wind Farms on Power System Transient Stability[C]. PSCE 2009
[22]I. Erlich, F. Shewarega. Insert Impact of Large-Scale Wind Power Generation on the Dynamic Behavior of interconnected Systems[C].2007 iREP Symposium-Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control. Charleston, SC, USA.2007
[23]A.Lebioda. Investigation of Disposable Reserve Power in a Large-Scale Wind Farm[J]. IEEE Power Tech, Russia.2005
[24]Hannele Holttinen. The impact of large scale wind power production on the Nordic electricity system[D]. Helsinki university of Technology. December.2004.
[25]Terje Gjengedal. Large-scale Wind Power Farms as Power Plants[J]. Wind energy.2005;8:361-373
[26]Yuriy Kazachkov. Modeling Wind Farms for Power System Load Flow and Stability Studies[J].
[27]Fei Ye, Xueliang Huang,Chaoming Wang,The Impact and Simulation on Large Wind Farm Connected to Power System. DRPT 6-9 April Nanjing China.2008
[28]侯君基于B/S模式的风力发电机组远程监控系统的研究与设计[D].沈阳工业大学硕士学位论文.2009.
[29]F.W.Koch, I.Erlich, Dynamic simulation of large wind farms integrated in a multi-machine network[C]. IEEE PES 2003 General Meeting, Toronto, pp 1-3
[30]国家电网.国家电网风电场接入电网技术规定[S],2008.2
[31]周杰娜现代电力系统调度自动化[M].重庆大学出版社,2008
[32]江艺芬eXtremeDB内存数据库在风电场能量管理系统的应用[D].广东工业大学硕士学位论文.2007.4
[33]王成大型风电场监控系统无线网络设计研究[D].上海交通大学硕士学位论文.2009
[34]Akarin Suwannarat, Birgitte Bak-Jensen, Zhe Chen. Power systems stability with large-scale wind power penetration[J].
[35]王伟,朱凌志具有电网接入控制功能的风电场能量管理系统[P]http://zhuanli.baidu.com/pages/sipo/20081012/38/11c5977b43dceld90f0a0f5d3ee679cc_0.ht ml
[36]卓张华周玲徐强风电场监控系统现状和趋势综述[J]中国科技论文在线http://www.paper.edu.cn
[37]国务院国有资产监督管理委员会国家电网黑龙江公司风电场发电管理系统投运[EB/OL]. (2010-05-10)[2011-04-20]http://finance.sina.com.cn/chanjing/ gsnews/20100510/09543315271. shtml
[38]范高锋,王伟胜,刘纯,戴慧珠基于人工神经网络的风电功率预测[J].中国电机工程学报.2008,Vol.28 No.34：118-119
[39]张艳青基于神经网络的风电场风速及输出功率预测研究[D].华北电力大学,2009
[40]李建林风力发电中的电力电子变流技术[M].机械工业出版社,2009
[41]Wei Qiao. Integrated control of wind farms FACTS devices and the power network using neural networks and adaptive critic designs[D]. Georgia Institute of Technology. August 2008
[42]陈瑶直驱型风力发电系统全功率并网变流技术的研究[D].北京交通大学博士学位论文,2008.6
[43]郑睿敏,李建华,李作红,刘议华考虑尾流效应的风电场建模以及随机潮流计算[J]西安交通大学学报.2008,Vol.42
[44]陈树勇,戴慧珠,白晓民,周孝信尾流效应对风电场输出功率的影响[J].中国电力.1998.11
[45]M Garcia-Gracia, MP Comech, J Sallan Modelling wind farms for grid disturbance studies[J]. Renewable energy.2008,33:9
[46]陈晓明风场与风力机尾流模型研究[J].兰州理工大学硕士学位论文.2010
[47]西北矿冶研究院风电场工程建设项目环境影响报告[R].2008
[48]Tan Yongdong, Li Qunzhan. Autonomous Coordination in Sensor Networks: Heterogeneous ADS[A].Proceedings of The Sixth International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems, ISADS 2003[C].
[49]谭永东自律分散系统动态进化问题研究[D].西南交通大学博士学位论文.2007.4
[50]陈勇春从Matlab/Simulink模型到代码实现[M].清华大学出版社,2002
[51]苏金明刘宏刘波MATLAB高级编程[M].电子工业出版社,2005
[52]刘莉莉,段斌基于IEC61850的风电场SCADA系统安全访问控制模型设计[J].电网技术.2008,32：76
[53]龙讯柴建云基于组态软件的风电场远程监控系统的研发[J].能源与环境.2007,2：76
[54]Larman, Craig. Applying UML and patterns:an introduction to object-oriented analysis and design and iterative development. China Machine Press,2006.
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