宽带低成本模拟光收发模块设计与光载无线系统应用
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摘要
光载无线系统RoF(Radio over Fiber)结合了光纤通信高带宽、低损耗和无线通信接入灵活的特点,是未来宽带无线接入有效的解决方案。光收发模块的性能和成本是RoF系统性能和成本的决定因素,因此宽带低成本模拟光收发模块的设计在光载无线系统应用中具有十分重要的意义。
本文基于工作带宽可达11GHz商业可现用的1310nm lOGbps光发送子模块TOSA(Transmitter Optical Subassembly)(?)光接收子模块ROSA(Receiver Optical Subassembly)组件完成了宽带低成本模拟光收发模块设计与性能评测,同时针对波分复用VVDM(Wavelength Division Multiplexing)RoF系统应用,完成了多波长光发送模块设计和测试,最后利用所设计的模块进行了多业务光载无线系统应用与分析。
设计中首先介绍了激光器驱动和Bias-Tee电路的设计,然后介绍了宽带激光器调制阻抗匹配和宽带探测器阻抗匹配,并利用宽带低噪声、高线性射频放大电路补偿链路增益,最后介绍了印制电路板PCB(Printed Circuit Board)设计。文中主要利用RoF系统的增益、带宽、噪声系数和无杂散动态范围对光收发模块的性能进行测试和衡量,模块工作带宽可达到6GHz,链路转换损耗为-40dB,噪声系数小于20dB,无杂散动态范围大于85dB/Hz3/2。多波长光发送模块的设计包括通道独立性设计与一致性设计,并利用相邻信道串扰对设计进行性能评测。最后,分别利用副载波复用SCM(Sub Carrier Multiplexing)和波分复用WDM的方式完成了速率为54Mbps,正交频分复用OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)的64QAM(Quadrature Amplitude Modulation)调制格式矢量信号的传输与分析。
Radio over Fiber system has combined the high bandwidth and low loss of optical fiber communication with the flexibility of wireless communication, will be an effective broadband wireless access solution in the future. The performance and cost of RoF system were determined by the optical transceivers; therefore the design of cost-effective broadband analog optical transceiver was very significant in the application of radio over fiber systems.
In this paper, we completed the design and evaluation of a cost-effective broadband analog optical transceiver based on the commercial off the shelf1310nm lOGbps transmitter optical subassembly and receiver optical subassembly with operating bandwidth up to11GHz, and finished the design and evaluation of a multi-wavelength optical transmitter which aimed at wavelength division multiplexing RoF system application at the same time.Finally, we worked out the demonstration and analysis of multi-service radio over fiber transmission based on the transceivers designed above.
This design of transceiver mainly included the design of the laser driver and Bias-Tee circuit, the broadband impedance matching network for the laser modulation and detection, the broadband low-noise, high linearity RF amplifier for link gain compensation and the printed circuit board design. The main indicator of RoF system about gain, bandwidth, noise figure and spurious-free dynamic range were used to evaluate the performance of this optical transceiver. The bandwidth of this transceiver was measured greater than6GHz, link conversion loss less than-40dB, noise figure less than20dB, spurious-free dynamic range greater than85dB/Hz3/2. The design of multi-wavelength optical transmitter mainly consisted of channel independence design and consistency design; adjacent channel crosstalk can be used to evaluate the performance of design. At last, the transmission and analysis of the54Mbps64quadrature amplitude modulation vector signal with orthogonal frequency division modulation were worked out above this system respectively with subcarrier multiplexing and wavelength division multiplexing method.
本文基于工作带宽可达11GHz商业可现用的1310nm lOGbps光发送子模块TOSA(Transmitter Optical Subassembly)(?)光接收子模块ROSA(Receiver Optical Subassembly)组件完成了宽带低成本模拟光收发模块设计与性能评测,同时针对波分复用VVDM(Wavelength Division Multiplexing)RoF系统应用,完成了多波长光发送模块设计和测试,最后利用所设计的模块进行了多业务光载无线系统应用与分析。
设计中首先介绍了激光器驱动和Bias-Tee电路的设计,然后介绍了宽带激光器调制阻抗匹配和宽带探测器阻抗匹配,并利用宽带低噪声、高线性射频放大电路补偿链路增益,最后介绍了印制电路板PCB(Printed Circuit Board)设计。文中主要利用RoF系统的增益、带宽、噪声系数和无杂散动态范围对光收发模块的性能进行测试和衡量,模块工作带宽可达到6GHz,链路转换损耗为-40dB,噪声系数小于20dB,无杂散动态范围大于85dB/Hz3/2。多波长光发送模块的设计包括通道独立性设计与一致性设计,并利用相邻信道串扰对设计进行性能评测。最后,分别利用副载波复用SCM(Sub Carrier Multiplexing)和波分复用WDM的方式完成了速率为54Mbps,正交频分复用OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)的64QAM(Quadrature Amplitude Modulation)调制格式矢量信号的传输与分析。
Radio over Fiber system has combined the high bandwidth and low loss of optical fiber communication with the flexibility of wireless communication, will be an effective broadband wireless access solution in the future. The performance and cost of RoF system were determined by the optical transceivers; therefore the design of cost-effective broadband analog optical transceiver was very significant in the application of radio over fiber systems.
In this paper, we completed the design and evaluation of a cost-effective broadband analog optical transceiver based on the commercial off the shelf1310nm lOGbps transmitter optical subassembly and receiver optical subassembly with operating bandwidth up to11GHz, and finished the design and evaluation of a multi-wavelength optical transmitter which aimed at wavelength division multiplexing RoF system application at the same time.Finally, we worked out the demonstration and analysis of multi-service radio over fiber transmission based on the transceivers designed above.
This design of transceiver mainly included the design of the laser driver and Bias-Tee circuit, the broadband impedance matching network for the laser modulation and detection, the broadband low-noise, high linearity RF amplifier for link gain compensation and the printed circuit board design. The main indicator of RoF system about gain, bandwidth, noise figure and spurious-free dynamic range were used to evaluate the performance of this optical transceiver. The bandwidth of this transceiver was measured greater than6GHz, link conversion loss less than-40dB, noise figure less than20dB, spurious-free dynamic range greater than85dB/Hz3/2. The design of multi-wavelength optical transmitter mainly consisted of channel independence design and consistency design; adjacent channel crosstalk can be used to evaluate the performance of design. At last, the transmission and analysis of the54Mbps64quadrature amplitude modulation vector signal with orthogonal frequency division modulation were worked out above this system respectively with subcarrier multiplexing and wavelength division multiplexing method.
引文
[1]信息产业部电信研究院.趋势2007之二——移动通信发展分析,2007：11
[2]Partridge. Craig. Realizing the Future of Wireless Data Communications. Communications of the ACM.2011.9 (54):62-68
[3]Fabbri, M.,Faccin, P. Radio over Fiber Technologies and Systems:New Opportunities,2007: 230-233
[4]Koonen. A. M.,E, M. Garc I. A.,Ng'Oma, A.et al. Perspectives of Radio-over-Fiber TechnologiesOptical Society of America,2008:P3
[5]Cox, C. H. Ⅲ. Analogue Optical Links:Theory and Practice. New York:Cambridge University Press,2004:303
[6]张博.ROF无线接入技术研究[学位论文]：北京邮电大学,2008
[7]张奇.趋势2007之四——宽带接入技术和产品发展分析,2007：1 5
[8]Pak. Kay Tang,Ling. Chuen Ong,Alphones. A.et al. PER and EVM measurements of a radio-over-fiber network for cellular and WLAN system applications. Lightwave Technology. Journal of.2004.22 (11):2370-2376
[9]Yuen, Roland.Fernando. Xavier N. Analysis of Sub-Carrier Multiplexed Radio Over Fiber Link for the Simultaneous Support of WLAN and WCDMA Systems. Wireless Personal Communications. 2005.33 (1):1-20
[10]Visani, Davide,Tartarini. Giovanni,Faccin. Pieret al. Cost-effective radio over fiber system for multi service wireless signal. Optics Communications.2011.284 (12):2751-2754
[11]Assimakopoulos, P.,Nkansah, A.,Gomes, N.et al. Multi-channel signal transmission through radio over fiber architecture,2011:152-156
[12]Attard, J. C.,Mitchell, J. E. Optical network architectures for dynamic reconfiguration of full duplex.multiwavelength, radio over fiber. Journal of Optical Networking.2006.5(6):435-444
[13]Gomes, N. J.,Pato. S..Monteiro. P.et al. Radio over Fibre for the Support of 4th Generation Mobile Wireless Communication. Duisburg、:,2009
[14]Sauer, M.,Kobyakov, A. Low-Cost Radio-over-Fiber links,2007:333-334
[15]Ingham, J.,Webster, M.,Wonfor, A.et al. Wide-frequency-range operation of a high-linearity uncooled DFB laser for next-generation radio-over-fiber,2003:754-756
[16]SAN-U.1310nmDFB 1OGbps Transmitter Optical Sub Assembly/2010.05.13
[17]SAN-U. lOGbps 1310nm Receiver Optical Sub Assembly/2010.05.13
[18]Le Guennec. Y..Pizzinat. A.,Meyer. S.et al. Low-Cost Transparent Radio-Over-Fiber System for In-Building Distribution of UWB Signals. Lightwave Technology, Journal of.2009.27 (14) 2649-2657
[19]Sauer, Michael.Kobyakov, Andrey.George, Jacob. Radio Over Fiber for Picocellular Network Architectures. Journal of Lightwave Technology.2007.25 (11):3301
[20]Wake, D.,Pato, S.,Pedro, J.et al. A comparison of remote radio head optical transmission technologies for next generation wireless systems,2009:442-443
[21]Wake, David,Nkansah, Anthony,Gomes, Nathan J. Radio over fiber link design for next generation wireless systems. Journal of Lightwave Technology.2010.28 (16):2456-2464
[22]Gameiro, A.,Monteiro, P. D1.1 Project Presentation,2008
[23]Graydon, Oliver,Gilloch, Charis,Baxter, Jameset al. Nature Photonics Technology Focus— Microwave Photonics,2011:724-736
[24]VPIphotonics. Photonics Modules Reference Manual
[25]Lee, T. P. Effect of Junction Capacitance on the Rise Time of LED's and on the Turn-on delay of injection lasers. The Bell System technical journal.1975.54 (1)
[26]Tucker, R.S. High-speed modulation of semiconductor lasers. Electron Devices, IEEE Transactions on.1985.32 (12):2572-2584
[27]Tucker, R. S.,Pope, D. J. Microwave Circuit Models of Semiconductor Injection Lasers. Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on.1983.31 (3):289-294
[28]Kibar, Osman,Van Blerkom, Daniell.Fan, Chiet al. Small-Signal-Equivalent Circuits for a Semiconductor Laser. Appl. Opt.1998.37 (26):6136-6139
[29]Walker, S. D.,Li, M.,Boucouvalas, A. C.et al. Design techniques for subcarrier multiplexed broadcast optical networks. Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on.1990.8 (7): 1276-1284
[30]Wu, M. C.,Chang-Hasnain, C.,Lau, E. K.et al. High speed modulation of semiconductor lasers, 2008:9-10
[31]Wang, G.,Tokumitsu. T.,Hanawa, Let al. Analysis of high speed p-i-n photodiode S-parameters by a novel small-signal equivalent circuit model. Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, IEEE. 2002.12 (10):378-380
[32]Ghiasi, A.,Gopinath, A. Novel wide-bandwidth matching technique for laser diodes. Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on.1990.38 (5):673-675
[33]Carvalho, M. C. R,Margulis, W.,Souza, J. R. A new, small-sized transmission line impedance transformer, with applications in high-speed optoelectronics. Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, IEEE.1992.2 (11):428-430
[34]刘旭明,邱昆,梅克俊.半导体激光器新型宽带匹配电路设计.电子科技大学学报(4).1994： 406-410
[35]Goldsmith. C. L.Kanack. B. Broad-band reactive matching of high-speed directly modulated laser diodes. Microwave and Guided Wave Letters. IEEE.1993.3 (9):336-338
[36]Miyamoto. Y.,Hagimoto. K.,Ohhata. M.et al.10-Gb/s strained MQW DFB-LD transmitter module and superlattice APD receiver module using GaAs MESFET IC's. Lightwave Technology, Journal of. 1994.12 (2):332-342
[37]C, L. Goldsmith,B., Kanack. Broadband microwave matching of high speed photodiodes,1993: 233-236
[38]Gomez-Rojas. L..Gomes, N. J.,Wang, X.et al. High Performance Optical Receiver Using a PIN Pholodiode and Amplifier for Operation in the Millimeter-wave Region,2000:1-3
[39]Visani. D.,Tartarini, G.,Petersen, M. N.et al. Link Design Rules for Cost-Effective Short-Range Radio Over Multimode Fiber Systems. Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on. 2010.58 (11):3144-3153
[40]李军,徐铁峰,彭涛.光纤直放站用光发射模块的设计.光电子技术与信息(3).2005：52-54
[41]Maxim. Data Sheet-MAX3669+3.3V,622Mbps SDH_SONET Laser Driver With Current Monitor and APC
[42]Mini-Circuits. Data Sheet-ADCH-80A+50 to 10000 MHz Very Wideband RF Choke
[43]Zuazola. I. J. G.-Batchelor. J. C..Nkansah. A.et al. Microcell MIMO RoF system using low cost array antennas and improved DFB matching lines,2009:373-376
[44]Mini-Circuits. Data Sheet-PMA-5452+0.05 to 6 GHz Ultra Low Noise MMIC Amplifier
[45]ADI. Data Sheet-ADL554 15_6000MHz RF_IF gain block
[46]祝大同.高速高频PCB用基板材料评价与选择.印制电路信息(8).2003：14-19
[47]李海.微波射频用印制板的选材.印制电路信息(10).2004：17-19
[48]ROGERS高频印刷线路板材料产品选购指南
[49]ROGERS. RO4000系列高频线路板材料
[50]张海涛,赵亦工.高速PCB的叠层设计.电子工艺技术(6).2003：247-250
[51]齐国栋.印制电路板特性阻抗的生产可行性设计
[52]Bailey. Michael. Application Note 5100:General Layout Guidelines for RF and Mixed-Signal PCBs. MAXIM APPLICATION NOTE.2011:
[53]Cox, C. H. Ⅲ.Ackennan, E. L.,Betts. G. E.et al. Limits on the performance of RF-over-fiber links and their impact on device design. Microwave Theory and Techniques. IEEE Transactions on.2006.54 (2):906-920
[54]Fan, J. C.Lu, C. L.,Kazovsky, L. G. Dynamic range requirements for microcellular personal communication systems using analog fiber-optic links. Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on.1997.45 (8):1390-1397
[55]Agarwal, A..Banwell, T.,Toliver, P.et al. Predistortion Compensation of Nonlinearities in Channelized RF Photonic Links Using a Dual-Port Optical Modulator. Photonics Technology Letters. IEEE.2011.23 (1):24-26
[2]Partridge. Craig. Realizing the Future of Wireless Data Communications. Communications of the ACM.2011.9 (54):62-68
[3]Fabbri, M.,Faccin, P. Radio over Fiber Technologies and Systems:New Opportunities,2007: 230-233
[4]Koonen. A. M.,E, M. Garc I. A.,Ng'Oma, A.et al. Perspectives of Radio-over-Fiber TechnologiesOptical Society of America,2008:P3
[5]Cox, C. H. Ⅲ. Analogue Optical Links:Theory and Practice. New York:Cambridge University Press,2004:303
[6]张博.ROF无线接入技术研究[学位论文]：北京邮电大学,2008
[7]张奇.趋势2007之四——宽带接入技术和产品发展分析,2007：1 5
[8]Pak. Kay Tang,Ling. Chuen Ong,Alphones. A.et al. PER and EVM measurements of a radio-over-fiber network for cellular and WLAN system applications. Lightwave Technology. Journal of.2004.22 (11):2370-2376
[9]Yuen, Roland.Fernando. Xavier N. Analysis of Sub-Carrier Multiplexed Radio Over Fiber Link for the Simultaneous Support of WLAN and WCDMA Systems. Wireless Personal Communications. 2005.33 (1):1-20
[10]Visani, Davide,Tartarini. Giovanni,Faccin. Pieret al. Cost-effective radio over fiber system for multi service wireless signal. Optics Communications.2011.284 (12):2751-2754
[11]Assimakopoulos, P.,Nkansah, A.,Gomes, N.et al. Multi-channel signal transmission through radio over fiber architecture,2011:152-156
[12]Attard, J. C.,Mitchell, J. E. Optical network architectures for dynamic reconfiguration of full duplex.multiwavelength, radio over fiber. Journal of Optical Networking.2006.5(6):435-444
[13]Gomes, N. J.,Pato. S..Monteiro. P.et al. Radio over Fibre for the Support of 4th Generation Mobile Wireless Communication. Duisburg、:,2009
[14]Sauer, M.,Kobyakov, A. Low-Cost Radio-over-Fiber links,2007:333-334
[15]Ingham, J.,Webster, M.,Wonfor, A.et al. Wide-frequency-range operation of a high-linearity uncooled DFB laser for next-generation radio-over-fiber,2003:754-756
[16]SAN-U.1310nmDFB 1OGbps Transmitter Optical Sub Assembly/2010.05.13
[17]SAN-U. lOGbps 1310nm Receiver Optical Sub Assembly/2010.05.13
[18]Le Guennec. Y..Pizzinat. A.,Meyer. S.et al. Low-Cost Transparent Radio-Over-Fiber System for In-Building Distribution of UWB Signals. Lightwave Technology, Journal of.2009.27 (14) 2649-2657
[19]Sauer, Michael.Kobyakov, Andrey.George, Jacob. Radio Over Fiber for Picocellular Network Architectures. Journal of Lightwave Technology.2007.25 (11):3301
[20]Wake, D.,Pato, S.,Pedro, J.et al. A comparison of remote radio head optical transmission technologies for next generation wireless systems,2009:442-443
[21]Wake, David,Nkansah, Anthony,Gomes, Nathan J. Radio over fiber link design for next generation wireless systems. Journal of Lightwave Technology.2010.28 (16):2456-2464
[22]Gameiro, A.,Monteiro, P. D1.1 Project Presentation,2008
[23]Graydon, Oliver,Gilloch, Charis,Baxter, Jameset al. Nature Photonics Technology Focus— Microwave Photonics,2011:724-736
[24]VPIphotonics. Photonics Modules Reference Manual
[25]Lee, T. P. Effect of Junction Capacitance on the Rise Time of LED's and on the Turn-on delay of injection lasers. The Bell System technical journal.1975.54 (1)
[26]Tucker, R.S. High-speed modulation of semiconductor lasers. Electron Devices, IEEE Transactions on.1985.32 (12):2572-2584
[27]Tucker, R. S.,Pope, D. J. Microwave Circuit Models of Semiconductor Injection Lasers. Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on.1983.31 (3):289-294
[28]Kibar, Osman,Van Blerkom, Daniell.Fan, Chiet al. Small-Signal-Equivalent Circuits for a Semiconductor Laser. Appl. Opt.1998.37 (26):6136-6139
[29]Walker, S. D.,Li, M.,Boucouvalas, A. C.et al. Design techniques for subcarrier multiplexed broadcast optical networks. Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on.1990.8 (7): 1276-1284
[30]Wu, M. C.,Chang-Hasnain, C.,Lau, E. K.et al. High speed modulation of semiconductor lasers, 2008:9-10
[31]Wang, G.,Tokumitsu. T.,Hanawa, Let al. Analysis of high speed p-i-n photodiode S-parameters by a novel small-signal equivalent circuit model. Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, IEEE. 2002.12 (10):378-380
[32]Ghiasi, A.,Gopinath, A. Novel wide-bandwidth matching technique for laser diodes. Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on.1990.38 (5):673-675
[33]Carvalho, M. C. R,Margulis, W.,Souza, J. R. A new, small-sized transmission line impedance transformer, with applications in high-speed optoelectronics. Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, IEEE.1992.2 (11):428-430
[34]刘旭明,邱昆,梅克俊.半导体激光器新型宽带匹配电路设计.电子科技大学学报(4).1994： 406-410
[35]Goldsmith. C. L.Kanack. B. Broad-band reactive matching of high-speed directly modulated laser diodes. Microwave and Guided Wave Letters. IEEE.1993.3 (9):336-338
[36]Miyamoto. Y.,Hagimoto. K.,Ohhata. M.et al.10-Gb/s strained MQW DFB-LD transmitter module and superlattice APD receiver module using GaAs MESFET IC's. Lightwave Technology, Journal of. 1994.12 (2):332-342
[37]C, L. Goldsmith,B., Kanack. Broadband microwave matching of high speed photodiodes,1993: 233-236
[38]Gomez-Rojas. L..Gomes, N. J.,Wang, X.et al. High Performance Optical Receiver Using a PIN Pholodiode and Amplifier for Operation in the Millimeter-wave Region,2000:1-3
[39]Visani. D.,Tartarini, G.,Petersen, M. N.et al. Link Design Rules for Cost-Effective Short-Range Radio Over Multimode Fiber Systems. Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on. 2010.58 (11):3144-3153
[40]李军,徐铁峰,彭涛.光纤直放站用光发射模块的设计.光电子技术与信息(3).2005：52-54
[41]Maxim. Data Sheet-MAX3669+3.3V,622Mbps SDH_SONET Laser Driver With Current Monitor and APC
[42]Mini-Circuits. Data Sheet-ADCH-80A+50 to 10000 MHz Very Wideband RF Choke
[43]Zuazola. I. J. G.-Batchelor. J. C..Nkansah. A.et al. Microcell MIMO RoF system using low cost array antennas and improved DFB matching lines,2009:373-376
[44]Mini-Circuits. Data Sheet-PMA-5452+0.05 to 6 GHz Ultra Low Noise MMIC Amplifier
[45]ADI. Data Sheet-ADL554 15_6000MHz RF_IF gain block
[46]祝大同.高速高频PCB用基板材料评价与选择.印制电路信息(8).2003：14-19
[47]李海.微波射频用印制板的选材.印制电路信息(10).2004：17-19
[48]ROGERS高频印刷线路板材料产品选购指南
[49]ROGERS. RO4000系列高频线路板材料
[50]张海涛,赵亦工.高速PCB的叠层设计.电子工艺技术(6).2003：247-250
[51]齐国栋.印制电路板特性阻抗的生产可行性设计
[52]Bailey. Michael. Application Note 5100:General Layout Guidelines for RF and Mixed-Signal PCBs. MAXIM APPLICATION NOTE.2011:
[53]Cox, C. H. Ⅲ.Ackennan, E. L.,Betts. G. E.et al. Limits on the performance of RF-over-fiber links and their impact on device design. Microwave Theory and Techniques. IEEE Transactions on.2006.54 (2):906-920
[54]Fan, J. C.Lu, C. L.,Kazovsky, L. G. Dynamic range requirements for microcellular personal communication systems using analog fiber-optic links. Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on.1997.45 (8):1390-1397
[55]Agarwal, A..Banwell, T.,Toliver, P.et al. Predistortion Compensation of Nonlinearities in Channelized RF Photonic Links Using a Dual-Port Optical Modulator. Photonics Technology Letters. IEEE.2011.23 (1):24-26