一种DBR型铒镱共掺光纤激光器的研究
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摘要
在波分复用（WDM）光纤通信技术中，为了提高码率和充分利
用 1.55μm 波段的带宽，研究波长精确、性能优良的激光源一直是人
们密切关注的课题。光纤光栅激光器的工作波长能通过光纤光栅精确
确定，如 DBR 型 Er3+/Yb3+共掺光纤激光器，近年来在国外得到迅猛
的发展，但目前国内对 Er3+/Yb3+共掺光纤激光器的有关报道很少，研
究尚处于起步阶段。
随着未来全光纤通信器件不断向小型化，集成化发展，要求所用
光纤激光源越短越好。同掺铒光纤激光器相比，Er3+/Yb3+共掺光纤激
光器不但简化了光纤光源的结构，有效缩小了光源的结构尺寸，而且
器件紧凑、小巧灵活，提高了其稳定性和实用性。该光纤激光器以其
自身具有的诸多优势成为全光通信系统中一个研究热点，是适用于大
容量全光纤通信系统的一种很有竞争实力、非常有前途的新型光源或
信息源。
论文提出的 Er3+/Yb3+共掺光纤激光器以 1064nm Nd:YAG 激光器
作为泵浦源，在国内属首次报道，填补了国内空白。设计中运用了原
理设计与分析，装置建立和实验测量相结合的研究方法，以下是本文
在该光纤激光器上完成的研究内容：
1. 在分析比对多种现在流行的方案的基础上，提出自己切实可
行的 DBR 型 Er3+/Yb3+共掺光纤激光器设计方案；
2. 通过大量检索，广泛收集资料及精心的原理设计，并计算输
出激光的各技术参数；
3. 在光纤光栅激光器原理设计的基础上，积极筹备建立实验装
置所需的设备，仪器和各种元器件并搭建实验装置；
4. 对所用 Er3+/Yb3+共掺光纤的长度进行了优化，找到了该种掺
杂光纤的最佳长度；
5. 对其进行调试并利用仪器设备对主要技术指标进行测定，然
83
后验证其是否达到原理设计要求并进行综合评价。
本文介绍的 Er3+/Yb3+共掺光纤激光器采用长春新产业光电技术
有限公司生产的 MIL-Ⅱ型号的 1064nmNd:YAG 激光器作为泵浦源。
其(F-P)谐振腔由一对 Bragg 波长相同的光纤光栅 1 和 2 熔接在一段
4.42m 长用以提供光增益的 Er3+/ Yb3+共掺光纤两端构成。与单纯掺铒 DBR
型光纤激光器相比，所用增益介质长度大大缩短。采用宽带高反射光纤光
栅 1 和用于耦合输出的窄带光纤光栅反射器 2 作为腔镜，其间接入
长度为 4.42m 的 Er3+/Yb3+共掺光纤以提供光增益。1064 nm 泵浦光由
1064nm 泵浦耦合尾纤导出,经一个 1064/1550 nm WDM、一个(1×2,
99/1) 1064/1550nm 光纤耦合器的 1、2 端口和光纤光栅 1 耦合进入
谐振腔，在 Er3+ /Yb3+共掺中形成粒子数反转产生受激发射光，经过
窄带光纤光栅 2 和双光隔离器(Dual-ISO)得到所需波长的激光输出
形成 DBR 型 Er3+/Yb3+共掺光纤激光器。
该光纤激光器的开发研制由吉林省科技发展计划项目——“基于
光纤 Bragg 光栅的 Er3+/Yb3+共掺杂光纤激光器” 资助，其项目完成
目标和主要研究、开发内容如下：
1. 完成基于光纤 Bragg 光栅的 Er3+/Yb3+共掺杂光纤激光器的原
理结构设计，由特定长度和掺杂浓度的 Er3+/Yb3+共掺杂光
纤、光纤光栅及功放等组成；
2. 开展特定反射率及带宽的光纤 Bragg 光栅制作及掺杂光纤的
研究；
3. 结合主振荡器和功率放大一体化技术，完成光纤激光器原理
实验及调试；
4. 测定光纤激光器输出特性参数并对其随泵源功率、驱动电流
等参量的变化规律展开研究；
5. 完成 Er3+/Yb3+共掺杂光纤激光器实验装置的研制。
84
项目验收主要技术指标如下：
1. 波长信道：1550nm；
2. 光栅峰值反射率～60%；
3. 边模抑制比>50dB；
4. 输出光功率：5mW；
5. 掺杂光纤转换效率：20%；
6. 3dB 线宽<0.1nm。
实验测得所研制光纤激光器的各项指标如下：
7. 激光中心波长：1552.08nm；
8. 光纤光栅 1 的峰值反射率为 99%，光纤光栅 2 的峰值反射
率为 60%；
9. 边模抑制比：60dB；
10. 输出光功率：80mW；
11. 掺杂光纤转换效率：25.2%；
12. 3dB 线宽：0.072nm，25dB 线宽：0.192nm。
可见，本文提出的光纤激光器的各项指标均已达到或超过项目验
收的要求。目前，该项成果已通过吉林省科技厅鉴定。
In order to enhance the bit rate and well use the bandwidth of 1.55μm
wave band in WDM fiber-optic communications technology, the study on
lasers of accurate wavelength and excellent performance has always
been the hot concern of people. The operation wavelength of fiber laser
can be determined by Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG) precisely. For instance,
DBR single frequency Er3+ doped especially Er3+/Yb3+ codoped fiber
lasers have been rapidly developed. Yet, till now, there have been few
domestic reports on Er3+/Yb3+ codoped fiber lasers. The research work is
still at the start.
With the continuous miniaturization and integration of future full
fiber-optic component developments, the shorter is the better for the
laser source. In contrast with Er3+-doped fiber lasers, Er3+/Yb3+ codoped
fiber lasers can not only simplify the lasers’ structure while shortening
their size, but can increase the stability and practicability for their
compactness and flexibility. The lasers, with their various advantages,
have become one hotspot in full fiber-optic communications system.
Therefore, the lasers, as a new laser or information source, have their
sharp competitiveness and promising future.
The Er3+/Yb3+ codoped fiber laser put forward in the thesis, with its
pump being 1064nm Nd:YAG is the first one ever reported and filled the
domestic blank. The paper integrated the theoretical design and analysis
into the configuration setup and experiment measurement research
method. The research contents accomplished can be described as
follows,
86
1. Put forward the practical design of the DBR Er3+/Yb3+ codoped
fiber laser on the basis of analyzing and contrasting various
current popular
schemes;
2. The technological parameters of the output laser were
calculated after large scales of searches, extensive collection of
data, prudent theoretical design and the optimization;
3. On the basis of theoretical design, the apparatus and
components for the experiment were actively prepared and set
up;
4. Optimized the length of the Er3+/Yb3+ codoped fiber and found
the fit size of such type of Er3+/Yb3+ codoped fiber;
5. Debugged the experiment and measured the main technological
indexes, then verified whether the fiber laser could meet the
theoretical requirements. Meanwhile, gave comprehensive
appraisal.
The 1064nm pump whose model was MIL- Ⅱ was made by
Changchun New Industries Optoelectronics Tech. Co., Ltd. The
resonant-cavity was constructed by splicing the FBG1 and FBG2
(sharing the same Bragg wavelength, 1551.84nm Rpeak FBG1: 99%,
1552.08nm Rpeak FBG2: 60%), to each side of the gain medium — a
4.42-meter-long Er3+/Yb3+ codoped fiber. In contrast with the Er3+ only
DBR fiber laser, the length of the gain medium was significantly
shortened. The broad bandwidth FBG1 and narrow bandwidth FBG2 for
the output were the cavity mirrors. The 1064nm light induced from the
1064nm pump’s tail fiber was launched into the resonant-cavity via a
1064/1550nm WDM, the port1 and port2 of a (1×2, 99/1) 1064/1550nm
coupler and FBG1. And then, a population inversion was formed in the
87
Er3+/Yb3+ codoped fiber and the excited light was produced. The output
laser with needed wavelength could be acquired via the light traveling
through FBG2 and Dual-ISO. Thus, the DBR Er3+/Yb3+ codoped fiber
laser was constructed.
The development of the fiber laser was supported by the Ji Lin
Province Technology Development Scheme — The Er3+/Yb3+ codoped
fiber laser based on FBGs. The target, main research and development
contents of the scheme can be described as follows,
1. Finish the theoretical and structural design of the Er3+/Yb3+
codoped fiber laser based on FBGs, which is made up of a
certain length of Er3+/Yb3+ codoped fiber laser, FBGs, and
用 1.55μm 波段的带宽，研究波长精确、性能优良的激光源一直是人
们密切关注的课题。光纤光栅激光器的工作波长能通过光纤光栅精确
确定，如 DBR 型 Er3+/Yb3+共掺光纤激光器，近年来在国外得到迅猛
的发展，但目前国内对 Er3+/Yb3+共掺光纤激光器的有关报道很少，研
究尚处于起步阶段。
随着未来全光纤通信器件不断向小型化，集成化发展，要求所用
光纤激光源越短越好。同掺铒光纤激光器相比，Er3+/Yb3+共掺光纤激
光器不但简化了光纤光源的结构，有效缩小了光源的结构尺寸，而且
器件紧凑、小巧灵活，提高了其稳定性和实用性。该光纤激光器以其
自身具有的诸多优势成为全光通信系统中一个研究热点，是适用于大
容量全光纤通信系统的一种很有竞争实力、非常有前途的新型光源或
信息源。
论文提出的 Er3+/Yb3+共掺光纤激光器以 1064nm Nd:YAG 激光器
作为泵浦源，在国内属首次报道，填补了国内空白。设计中运用了原
理设计与分析，装置建立和实验测量相结合的研究方法，以下是本文
在该光纤激光器上完成的研究内容：
1. 在分析比对多种现在流行的方案的基础上，提出自己切实可
行的 DBR 型 Er3+/Yb3+共掺光纤激光器设计方案；
2. 通过大量检索，广泛收集资料及精心的原理设计，并计算输
出激光的各技术参数；
3. 在光纤光栅激光器原理设计的基础上，积极筹备建立实验装
置所需的设备，仪器和各种元器件并搭建实验装置；
4. 对所用 Er3+/Yb3+共掺光纤的长度进行了优化，找到了该种掺
杂光纤的最佳长度；
5. 对其进行调试并利用仪器设备对主要技术指标进行测定，然
83
后验证其是否达到原理设计要求并进行综合评价。
本文介绍的 Er3+/Yb3+共掺光纤激光器采用长春新产业光电技术
有限公司生产的 MIL-Ⅱ型号的 1064nmNd:YAG 激光器作为泵浦源。
其(F-P)谐振腔由一对 Bragg 波长相同的光纤光栅 1 和 2 熔接在一段
4.42m 长用以提供光增益的 Er3+/ Yb3+共掺光纤两端构成。与单纯掺铒 DBR
型光纤激光器相比，所用增益介质长度大大缩短。采用宽带高反射光纤光
栅 1 和用于耦合输出的窄带光纤光栅反射器 2 作为腔镜，其间接入
长度为 4.42m 的 Er3+/Yb3+共掺光纤以提供光增益。1064 nm 泵浦光由
1064nm 泵浦耦合尾纤导出,经一个 1064/1550 nm WDM、一个(1×2,
99/1) 1064/1550nm 光纤耦合器的 1、2 端口和光纤光栅 1 耦合进入
谐振腔，在 Er3+ /Yb3+共掺中形成粒子数反转产生受激发射光，经过
窄带光纤光栅 2 和双光隔离器(Dual-ISO)得到所需波长的激光输出
形成 DBR 型 Er3+/Yb3+共掺光纤激光器。
该光纤激光器的开发研制由吉林省科技发展计划项目——“基于
光纤 Bragg 光栅的 Er3+/Yb3+共掺杂光纤激光器” 资助，其项目完成
目标和主要研究、开发内容如下：
1. 完成基于光纤 Bragg 光栅的 Er3+/Yb3+共掺杂光纤激光器的原
理结构设计，由特定长度和掺杂浓度的 Er3+/Yb3+共掺杂光
纤、光纤光栅及功放等组成；
2. 开展特定反射率及带宽的光纤 Bragg 光栅制作及掺杂光纤的
研究；
3. 结合主振荡器和功率放大一体化技术，完成光纤激光器原理
实验及调试；
4. 测定光纤激光器输出特性参数并对其随泵源功率、驱动电流
等参量的变化规律展开研究；
5. 完成 Er3+/Yb3+共掺杂光纤激光器实验装置的研制。
84
项目验收主要技术指标如下：
1. 波长信道：1550nm；
2. 光栅峰值反射率～60%；
3. 边模抑制比>50dB；
4. 输出光功率：5mW；
5. 掺杂光纤转换效率：20%；
6. 3dB 线宽<0.1nm。
实验测得所研制光纤激光器的各项指标如下：
7. 激光中心波长：1552.08nm；
8. 光纤光栅 1 的峰值反射率为 99%，光纤光栅 2 的峰值反射
率为 60%；
9. 边模抑制比：60dB；
10. 输出光功率：80mW；
11. 掺杂光纤转换效率：25.2%；
12. 3dB 线宽：0.072nm，25dB 线宽：0.192nm。
可见，本文提出的光纤激光器的各项指标均已达到或超过项目验
收的要求。目前，该项成果已通过吉林省科技厅鉴定。
In order to enhance the bit rate and well use the bandwidth of 1.55μm
wave band in WDM fiber-optic communications technology, the study on
lasers of accurate wavelength and excellent performance has always
been the hot concern of people. The operation wavelength of fiber laser
can be determined by Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG) precisely. For instance,
DBR single frequency Er3+ doped especially Er3+/Yb3+ codoped fiber
lasers have been rapidly developed. Yet, till now, there have been few
domestic reports on Er3+/Yb3+ codoped fiber lasers. The research work is
still at the start.
With the continuous miniaturization and integration of future full
fiber-optic component developments, the shorter is the better for the
laser source. In contrast with Er3+-doped fiber lasers, Er3+/Yb3+ codoped
fiber lasers can not only simplify the lasers’ structure while shortening
their size, but can increase the stability and practicability for their
compactness and flexibility. The lasers, with their various advantages,
have become one hotspot in full fiber-optic communications system.
Therefore, the lasers, as a new laser or information source, have their
sharp competitiveness and promising future.
The Er3+/Yb3+ codoped fiber laser put forward in the thesis, with its
pump being 1064nm Nd:YAG is the first one ever reported and filled the
domestic blank. The paper integrated the theoretical design and analysis
into the configuration setup and experiment measurement research
method. The research contents accomplished can be described as
follows,
86
1. Put forward the practical design of the DBR Er3+/Yb3+ codoped
fiber laser on the basis of analyzing and contrasting various
current popular
schemes;
2. The technological parameters of the output laser were
calculated after large scales of searches, extensive collection of
data, prudent theoretical design and the optimization;
3. On the basis of theoretical design, the apparatus and
components for the experiment were actively prepared and set
up;
4. Optimized the length of the Er3+/Yb3+ codoped fiber and found
the fit size of such type of Er3+/Yb3+ codoped fiber;
5. Debugged the experiment and measured the main technological
indexes, then verified whether the fiber laser could meet the
theoretical requirements. Meanwhile, gave comprehensive
appraisal.
The 1064nm pump whose model was MIL- Ⅱ was made by
Changchun New Industries Optoelectronics Tech. Co., Ltd. The
resonant-cavity was constructed by splicing the FBG1 and FBG2
(sharing the same Bragg wavelength, 1551.84nm Rpeak FBG1: 99%,
1552.08nm Rpeak FBG2: 60%), to each side of the gain medium — a
4.42-meter-long Er3+/Yb3+ codoped fiber. In contrast with the Er3+ only
DBR fiber laser, the length of the gain medium was significantly
shortened. The broad bandwidth FBG1 and narrow bandwidth FBG2 for
the output were the cavity mirrors. The 1064nm light induced from the
1064nm pump’s tail fiber was launched into the resonant-cavity via a
1064/1550nm WDM, the port1 and port2 of a (1×2, 99/1) 1064/1550nm
coupler and FBG1. And then, a population inversion was formed in the
87
Er3+/Yb3+ codoped fiber and the excited light was produced. The output
laser with needed wavelength could be acquired via the light traveling
through FBG2 and Dual-ISO. Thus, the DBR Er3+/Yb3+ codoped fiber
laser was constructed.
The development of the fiber laser was supported by the Ji Lin
Province Technology Development Scheme — The Er3+/Yb3+ codoped
fiber laser based on FBGs. The target, main research and development
contents of the scheme can be described as follows,
1. Finish the theoretical and structural design of the Er3+/Yb3+
codoped fiber laser based on FBGs, which is made up of a
certain length of Er3+/Yb3+ codoped fiber laser, FBGs, and
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与光缆及其应用技术, 2001, No.3.
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uncooled fiber grating semiconductor laser for use in an all optical
WDM access network [J]. Electron. Lett., 1996, 32:119.
[20] M Victor, J D David, M A Robert, et al. Stable single-mode Erbium
fiber grating laser for digital communication[J]. J. Lightwave Technol,
1993, 11: 2021～2025.
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2001.P.73.
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structures in photo-sensitive optical fibers using phase shifted
phase masks. Electro Lett, 1994, 30(23): 1977～1978.
[24] Martin J, Ouellette F. Novel writing technique of long and highly
reflective in fiber gratings. Electronics Letters, 1994, 30(10): 811～
812.
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与红外, 1998, 29(4): 243～245.
[28] Giles C R, Desurvire E. Modeling erbium-doped fiber amplifiers [J].
J. Lightwave Technol.,1991, 9(2): 271～283.
[29] Franco P, Midrio M, Tozzato A et al. Characterization and
optimization criteria for filterless erbium-doped fiber lasers. J. Opt.
Soc. Am. B, 1994, 11(6): 1090～1097.
[30] Piotr Mysliski, Dung Nguyen, Jacek Chrostowski. Effects of
Concentration on the Performance of Erbium-Doped Fiber
Amplifiers[J]. J Lightwave Technol, 1997, 15(1): 112～120.
[31] Sanchez F, Boudoc P Le, Stephan G. Effects of ionpairs on the
dynamics of Erbium doped fiber lasers[J]. Physical Review A, 1993,
48(3): 2220～2229.
[32] 樊亚仙, 翟爱亭, 吕福云, 吕可诚, 王宏杰, 高掺铒光纤激光器输出特
性的研究, 南开大学学报(自然科学), 2001, 34(3):32～34.
[33] Piotr Mysliski, Dung Nguyen, Jacek Chrostowski. Effects of
Concentration on the Performance of Erbium-Doped Fiber
Amplifiers [J]. J Lightwave Technol, 1997, 15(1): 112～120.
[34] 侯国付, 李乙钢, 付成鹏, 吕福云, 吕可诚, 掺稀土元素光纤超压光光
源, 激光杂志,2002, 23(1): 17～20.
[35] 魏莹莹, 廖常俊, 刘宁, 刘颂豪, 国产 Er3+/Yb3+双掺光纤的超荧光研
究, 华南师范大学学报(自然科学版), 1999(4): 41～45.
[36] 徐造业, 李承芳, 答孝义, 靳志伟, 池桂梅, 武汉大学学报(自然科学
版),1998, 44(1): 71～73.
[37] M Federighi, F Di Pasquale. The Effect of Pair-Induced Energy
Transfer on the Performance of Silica Waveguide Amplifiers with
80
High Er3+/Yb3+ Concentration [J].IEEE Photon Technol Lett, 1995,
7(3): 303～305.
[38] F Di Pasquale, M Federighi. Improved Gain Characteristics in
High-Concentration Er3+/Yb3+ Codoped Glass Waveguide
Amplifiers [J]. IEEE J. Quantum Electron, 1994, 30(9): 2127～
2131.
[39] OptiAmplifier 4.0, Technical Background, Optical Fiber Amplifier and
Laser Design Software, 2002.
[40] Karasek, M., "Optimum Design of Er3+ - Yb3+ Codoped Fibers for
Large-Signal High-Pump-Power Applications", J. Quant. Electron,
1997(33), 1699～1705.
[41] M. J. F Digonnet. Theory of superfluorescent fiberlasers. J.
Lightwave Tecnol. 1986, LT-4(11):1631～1639.
[42] Rudiger paschotta, Johan Nilsson, Anne C. Tropper, and David
C. Hanna. Ytterbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers[J]. IEEE J Quantum
Electron, 1997, 33(7): 1049～1056.
[43] Magne S, Druetta M, Goure J P et al..An ytterbium-doped
monomode fiber laser:Amplified spontaneous emission, modling of
the gain and tenability in an external cavity.j.Lumin., 1994, 60&61:
647～650.
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