光码分多址系统中编解码技术的研究
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摘要
光码分多址OCDMA(Optical Code Division Multiple Access)是未来高速全光通信网络的备选方案之一,是目前光通信技术领域研究的热点。与其他的复用方式相比,OCDMA目前还处于相对不成熟的阶段。
本文主要针对一维和二维光码分多址系统中的编解码技术方案进行研究。光编解码器是OCDMA系统的核心部件。在发送端光编码器将数据比特转换成扩频序列,在接收端光解码器利用相关解码原理将扩频序列恢复为数据比特。光编解码器的结构和特性直接影响着OCDMA系统的总体性能,决定着OCDMA系统能否实际应用于全光通信网络中。
本论文的第一章对OCDMA系统进行了较为全面的综述,对光码分多址技术的基本原理和分类、编解码结构方案以及关键技术进行了介绍,并对光码分多址技术的发展和现状进行了概述。
第二章首先对一维和二维OCDMA系统的编解码技术方案进行归纳和总结。为使OCDMA系统容纳更多的用户,对λ?t结构的二维OCDMA编解码系统方案进行研究,用自相关性和互相关性良好的2D-OOC方阵码在时域和频域同时进行编码实现信道复用以扩大系统的容量,并对系统性能进行了分析。
第三章研究了目前在OCDMA系统谱域编解码方案中占据主导地位的FBGs编解码器。OCDMA系统是一个容量受限的系统,当系统的同时用户数较多时,系统的性能主要由用户间的多址干扰决定。针对SAC-OCDMA系统,提出了一种基于FBGs编码器的谱域补充编解码方案。该方案充分利用了宽带非相干高斯光源的谱域特性,对高斯光源的谱域侧缘带采取补充编码方式,弥补地址码序列分割光源谱域的不平坦性带来的码间干扰。并在解码端结合适用于准正交地址码序列的平衡探测法,选用双极性m序列作为地址码,消除OCDMA系统中多用户存在情况下的码间干扰。
第四章对基于AWG的编解码方案进行了研究。提出了一种基于AWG的紧凑结构OCDMA系统编解码方案,采用的地址码为二维RS码序列。不同于OCDMA系统中每个用户拥有一对编解码器,该方案通过利用二维RS码字的周期性和AWG路由器的循环性,系统所用的编解码器能够同时对不同用户的地址码进行编解码,使得系统中的用户共享编解码资源,减少了系统的复杂性。在解
Optical code division multiplexing access (OCDMA) is one of the possible resolutions for all optical communication network in the future, which is a hot topic in optical communication research. Compared with other multiplexing technologies, it is still at the state of infancy.
The main research work of this thesis is focused on the encoding and decoding technologies in the optical code divison multiplexing access system. Opticl encoder and decoder are key components of OCDMA. In the transmiting port, optical encoder turns data bits into spread spectrum sequences, then, optical decoder retverts it to data bits with the theory of correlation decoding in the receiving port. The structure and property of optical encoder and decoder impact the performance of OCDMA system directly and judging whether the system could work practically. The main types of optical encoder and decoder are the fiber delay lines, the diffraction gratings and phase-mask boards, the arrayed waveguide gratings and Bragg fiber gratings. The researching work of this thesis is mainly about the encoding and decoding schemes of the arrayed waveguide gratings and the Bragg fiber gratings systems.
Firstly, the basic principle, system schemes and the key technologies are introduced in section one. The development, research status and trends of OCDMA technologies are also summarized. By summarizing the encoding and decoding technology schemes of OCDMA system, researching works are done about two dimensions OCDMA system of the wavelength and time in the second section. The Simulation results show that the capacity of the two dimensions OCDMA system of 2D-OOC wavelength and time is better than that of the one dimension system.
In section three, a complementary scheme of spectral coding and decoding is proposed. It makes full use of the broad band incoherent Gauss optical source and compensates the unflatness of sectrum of the source. Combining with the method of banlanced detecting, the multiple accsss interference of the multiple users is rejected in the decoding port.
本文主要针对一维和二维光码分多址系统中的编解码技术方案进行研究。光编解码器是OCDMA系统的核心部件。在发送端光编码器将数据比特转换成扩频序列,在接收端光解码器利用相关解码原理将扩频序列恢复为数据比特。光编解码器的结构和特性直接影响着OCDMA系统的总体性能,决定着OCDMA系统能否实际应用于全光通信网络中。
本论文的第一章对OCDMA系统进行了较为全面的综述,对光码分多址技术的基本原理和分类、编解码结构方案以及关键技术进行了介绍,并对光码分多址技术的发展和现状进行了概述。
第二章首先对一维和二维OCDMA系统的编解码技术方案进行归纳和总结。为使OCDMA系统容纳更多的用户,对λ?t结构的二维OCDMA编解码系统方案进行研究,用自相关性和互相关性良好的2D-OOC方阵码在时域和频域同时进行编码实现信道复用以扩大系统的容量,并对系统性能进行了分析。
第三章研究了目前在OCDMA系统谱域编解码方案中占据主导地位的FBGs编解码器。OCDMA系统是一个容量受限的系统,当系统的同时用户数较多时,系统的性能主要由用户间的多址干扰决定。针对SAC-OCDMA系统,提出了一种基于FBGs编码器的谱域补充编解码方案。该方案充分利用了宽带非相干高斯光源的谱域特性,对高斯光源的谱域侧缘带采取补充编码方式,弥补地址码序列分割光源谱域的不平坦性带来的码间干扰。并在解码端结合适用于准正交地址码序列的平衡探测法,选用双极性m序列作为地址码,消除OCDMA系统中多用户存在情况下的码间干扰。
第四章对基于AWG的编解码方案进行了研究。提出了一种基于AWG的紧凑结构OCDMA系统编解码方案,采用的地址码为二维RS码序列。不同于OCDMA系统中每个用户拥有一对编解码器,该方案通过利用二维RS码字的周期性和AWG路由器的循环性,系统所用的编解码器能够同时对不同用户的地址码进行编解码,使得系统中的用户共享编解码资源,减少了系统的复杂性。在解
Optical code division multiplexing access (OCDMA) is one of the possible resolutions for all optical communication network in the future, which is a hot topic in optical communication research. Compared with other multiplexing technologies, it is still at the state of infancy.
The main research work of this thesis is focused on the encoding and decoding technologies in the optical code divison multiplexing access system. Opticl encoder and decoder are key components of OCDMA. In the transmiting port, optical encoder turns data bits into spread spectrum sequences, then, optical decoder retverts it to data bits with the theory of correlation decoding in the receiving port. The structure and property of optical encoder and decoder impact the performance of OCDMA system directly and judging whether the system could work practically. The main types of optical encoder and decoder are the fiber delay lines, the diffraction gratings and phase-mask boards, the arrayed waveguide gratings and Bragg fiber gratings. The researching work of this thesis is mainly about the encoding and decoding schemes of the arrayed waveguide gratings and the Bragg fiber gratings systems.
Firstly, the basic principle, system schemes and the key technologies are introduced in section one. The development, research status and trends of OCDMA technologies are also summarized. By summarizing the encoding and decoding technology schemes of OCDMA system, researching works are done about two dimensions OCDMA system of the wavelength and time in the second section. The Simulation results show that the capacity of the two dimensions OCDMA system of 2D-OOC wavelength and time is better than that of the one dimension system.
In section three, a complementary scheme of spectral coding and decoding is proposed. It makes full use of the broad band incoherent Gauss optical source and compensates the unflatness of sectrum of the source. Combining with the method of banlanced detecting, the multiple accsss interference of the multiple users is rejected in the decoding port.
引文
[1] Wei Huang,”Coherent optical CDMA(OCDMA) systems used for high-capacity optical fibernetworks system description OTDMA comparison and OCDMA/WDMA networking”,2000,Vol.18,No.6, 765-777
[2] Salehi J A, “Code Division Multiple-Access Techniques in Optical Fiber Networks-Part I:Fundamental Principles”. IEEE Trans Commun,1989,Vol.37,No 8:824～833.
[3] 李传起,孙小菡,OCDMA 系统组网技术和核心部件的分析研究,量子电子学报,Vol.22, No.3 2006(6):1007-5461(2005)03-0326-08
[4] F.R Chung,J.A.Saline,and V.K.Wei,Optical orthogonal codes;design,analysisand applications.IEEE trans.Inform.Theory,vol.35,pp.595-604,May 1989.
[5] A.S. Holmes and R.R. Syms, ``All-optical cdma using "quasi-prime" codes,'' IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1992.,Vol.10, No.2pp.279-286,
[6] S.V.Maric,”New family of algebraically designed optical orthogonal codes for use in CDMA fibre-optic networks”,Electronics Letters , 1993,Vol.29,No.6,538-539
[7] Wing C. Kwong, Guu-Chang Yang. Design of Multilength Optical Orthogonal Codes for Optical CDMA Mutimedia Networks. IEEE Trans. Commun, 1989, 37(8)
[8] 李传起,孙小菡,OCDMA 系统地址码理论,中国科学技术大学出版社
[9] Jen-Fa Huang, Yao-Tang Chang and Chuen-Ching Wang.Reduction of Multiple-Access and Optical Beat Interference with Fiber-Grating OCDMA Balanced Decoder.IEEE Proceeding of the 17 th international Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications,2003
[10] H.Sotobayashi and K.Kitayama,”1.24Gb/s optical code division multiplexing transmission over 40km dispersion-shifted fiber by bipolar coding using broadband incoherent light source”,Electronics Letters,May.1999,Vol.35,No.11,911-913
[11] Naoya Wada,and Ken-Ichi Kitayama,”a 10Gb/s optical code divison multiplexing using 8-chip optical bipolar code and coherent detection”,Journal of Lightwave Technology,Oct,1999,Vol.17,No.10,1758-1766
[12] H.Schmuck,M.White,B.Deppisch,Th.Pfeiffer,H.Haisch,”Bidirectional optical code division multiplexed field trial syatem for the meteo and access area”,OFC’2001, ,Mar,2001,paperWG4-1,Anaherim,Califomnia,USA
[13] H.Ben Jaafar. “1.25Gbit/s transmission of optical FFH-OCDMA signals over 80 km with 16 users”. OFC 2001,2001,2.:TuV3-1～Tuv3-3
[14] Peh Chiong The,”a 16-channel OCDMA system(4OCDM × 4WDM) based on 16-chip,20 Gchip/s superstructure fibre Bragg gratings and DFB fibre laser transmitters”,OFC’2002, Mar,2002,paperThEE1,Anaherim,Califomnia,USA
[15] Wei H.,Nizam M. H. M.,Andonvic I. et al, Coherent optical CDMA(OCDMA) system used for high-capacity optical fiber networks-system description,OTDMA comparison,and OCDMA/WDMA networking[J], IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology,2000,18(6):765-778
[16] Eugene Park,Antonio J.Mendez,and Elsa M.Garmire,”Temporal/Spatial optical CDMA networks-design,demonstration,and comparison with temporal networks",IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,1992, Vol.4,No.10, 1160-1162
[17] Otobayashi H., Chunjo W., Kitayama K., 1.52Tbits/s OCDMA/WDM(4 OCDM×19 WDM×20Gbit/s) transmission experiment[J], IEE Electronics letters.,2001,37(11):700-701
[18] S.Yegnanarayanan,A.S.Bhushan,B,Jalali”Fast Wavelength-Hopping-Encoding/Decoding for Optical CDMA”,IEEE Phototonics Tech.Lett. Vol.12,No.5,2000,573-577
[19] 胡 玉 , 马 君 显 , 时 频 结 合 的 OCDMA 编 解 码 技 术 , 深 圳 大 学 理 工 报 ,Vol21,No11,Jan12004
[20] Jen-Fa Huang and Dar-Zu Hso,”Fiber-grating-based optical CDMA spectral coding with nearly orthogonal M-sequence codes”,IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2000,Vol.12,No.9,1252-1254
[21] Kurokawa.T,Tsuda O.K.Time-space-conersion optical signal processijg using arrayed-wavwguide grating.Elec.Lett,1999,33(22);1890-1891
[22] Chao-Chin Yang,Hybrid Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing/Spectral-Amplitude-Coding Optical CDMA System,IEEE Phototonics Technology Letters VOL.17.NO.6,JUNE 2005,1343-1345
[23] L.R.Chen,”Technologies for hybrid wavelength/time optical CDMA transmission,”Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE’01),Toronto,Ontario,May 2001,vol.1,435-440
[24] A. S. Holmes and R. R. Syms, ``All-optical cdma using "quasi-prime" codes,'' IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1992.,Vol. 10, No.2pp. 279-286,
[25]李传起,基于 2D-OOC 的 OCDMA 系统的地址码结构研究,光子学报,Vol 32,No.1:46-50
[26] J.Yin. Some combinatorial constructions for optical orthogonal codes. Discr. Math., 1998, 185:201-219
[27] Siomon Ayotte,Student member ,IEEE,Student Member,OSA,Martin Rochette.Experimental Verifyication and Capacity Predictation of F-OCDMA Using Superimposed FBG.Journal of Lightwave Technology,VOL,23,No2,2005(2):724-731
[28] 何瑾林,光纤光栅在光通信系统的应用研究,东南大学博士论文,2000。
[29] Jen-Fa Huang and Dar-Zu Hso,”Fiber-grating-based optical CDMA spectral coding with nearly orthogonal M-sequence codes”,IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2000,Vol.12,No.9,1252-1254
[30] M.Kavehrad,D.Zacarin.Optical Code-Division-Multiplexed Systems Based on Spectral Encoding of Encoding of Noncoherent Sources.IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology,1995,3(3):534-545
[31] Svetislav V.Maric,and Vincent K.N.Lau,”Mulitirate Fiber-optic CDMA :system design and performance analysis”,Journal of Lightwave Technology,1998, Vol.16,No.1,9-17
[32] K.Wakafuji and T.Ohtsuki,Direct-detection optical CDMS receiver with interference estimate and double optical hardlimiter.J.Light-wave Technol.,Vol.21.pp.2182-2188,Oct.2003.
[33] Laurie B.Nelson,“Performance of multiuser detection for optical CDMA. –Part I. Error probabilities”IEEE Transactions on Communicayions,1995,Vol.43,No.11, 2803-2811
[34] Antonio J.Mendez,Sennior Member,IEEE,Rbbert M.Gagliardi.Design and Performance Analysis of Wavelength/Time(W/T)Matrix Codes for Optical CDMA. Journal of Lightwave Technology Vol.21,No.11,Novermber2003.2524-2533.
[35] Marcuse D.Theory of Dielectric Optical Waveguide.New York :Acadamic Press,1974.
[36] Kenneth A,Greer Mc.Arrayed waveguide grating for wavelength routing.IEEE Communication Magazine,1998(12):62-68
[37] Akimasa K,Akio S,Katsunari O.Recent progress on arrayed waveguide gratings for DWDM applications.IEICD Trans.Electrom,2000,E83-C(6):860-867
[38] Sugita A, Kaneko A,Okamoto K.Very low insertion loss arrayed-wavwguide grating with vertically tapered waveguides.IEEE P hotonics Technol Lett.,2000,12(9):1180-1182.
[39] Kenneth A,Mcgreer .Arrayed waveguide grating for wavelength routing.IEEE Communication Magazine,19989120;62-68.
[40] Yim.R.M.H.Chen L.Design and performance of 2D codes for wavelength –time optical for fiber-optic CDMA networks.Jlightwave Technology,1998,1694):501-508.
[41] Kim S,Yu K,Park N A new family of space/wavelength/time spread three dimentional optical code for OCDMA network.J.Lightwave Technology,2000,18(4):502-511.
[42] SALEHIHIJ J A ,BRACKETT C A.Code division multiple-access techniques in optical fiber network-Part2 ; system performance analysis.IEEE Transaction Communication,1989,37(8):834-842
[43] M. Kavehrad and D.Zacarin,Optical code-division-multiplexed system based on spectral encoding of noncoherent sources.J.Lightwave Technol.,vol.13,pp.534-545,Mar,1995
[2] Salehi J A, “Code Division Multiple-Access Techniques in Optical Fiber Networks-Part I:Fundamental Principles”. IEEE Trans Commun,1989,Vol.37,No 8:824～833.
[3] 李传起,孙小菡,OCDMA 系统组网技术和核心部件的分析研究,量子电子学报,Vol.22, No.3 2006(6):1007-5461(2005)03-0326-08
[4] F.R Chung,J.A.Saline,and V.K.Wei,Optical orthogonal codes;design,analysisand applications.IEEE trans.Inform.Theory,vol.35,pp.595-604,May 1989.
[5] A.S. Holmes and R.R. Syms, ``All-optical cdma using "quasi-prime" codes,'' IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1992.,Vol.10, No.2pp.279-286,
[6] S.V.Maric,”New family of algebraically designed optical orthogonal codes for use in CDMA fibre-optic networks”,Electronics Letters , 1993,Vol.29,No.6,538-539
[7] Wing C. Kwong, Guu-Chang Yang. Design of Multilength Optical Orthogonal Codes for Optical CDMA Mutimedia Networks. IEEE Trans. Commun, 1989, 37(8)
[8] 李传起,孙小菡,OCDMA 系统地址码理论,中国科学技术大学出版社
[9] Jen-Fa Huang, Yao-Tang Chang and Chuen-Ching Wang.Reduction of Multiple-Access and Optical Beat Interference with Fiber-Grating OCDMA Balanced Decoder.IEEE Proceeding of the 17 th international Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications,2003
[10] H.Sotobayashi and K.Kitayama,”1.24Gb/s optical code division multiplexing transmission over 40km dispersion-shifted fiber by bipolar coding using broadband incoherent light source”,Electronics Letters,May.1999,Vol.35,No.11,911-913
[11] Naoya Wada,and Ken-Ichi Kitayama,”a 10Gb/s optical code divison multiplexing using 8-chip optical bipolar code and coherent detection”,Journal of Lightwave Technology,Oct,1999,Vol.17,No.10,1758-1766
[12] H.Schmuck,M.White,B.Deppisch,Th.Pfeiffer,H.Haisch,”Bidirectional optical code division multiplexed field trial syatem for the meteo and access area”,OFC’2001, ,Mar,2001,paperWG4-1,Anaherim,Califomnia,USA
[13] H.Ben Jaafar. “1.25Gbit/s transmission of optical FFH-OCDMA signals over 80 km with 16 users”. OFC 2001,2001,2.:TuV3-1～Tuv3-3
[14] Peh Chiong The,”a 16-channel OCDMA system(4OCDM × 4WDM) based on 16-chip,20 Gchip/s superstructure fibre Bragg gratings and DFB fibre laser transmitters”,OFC’2002, Mar,2002,paperThEE1,Anaherim,Califomnia,USA
[15] Wei H.,Nizam M. H. M.,Andonvic I. et al, Coherent optical CDMA(OCDMA) system used for high-capacity optical fiber networks-system description,OTDMA comparison,and OCDMA/WDMA networking[J], IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology,2000,18(6):765-778
[16] Eugene Park,Antonio J.Mendez,and Elsa M.Garmire,”Temporal/Spatial optical CDMA networks-design,demonstration,and comparison with temporal networks",IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,1992, Vol.4,No.10, 1160-1162
[17] Otobayashi H., Chunjo W., Kitayama K., 1.52Tbits/s OCDMA/WDM(4 OCDM×19 WDM×20Gbit/s) transmission experiment[J], IEE Electronics letters.,2001,37(11):700-701
[18] S.Yegnanarayanan,A.S.Bhushan,B,Jalali”Fast Wavelength-Hopping-Encoding/Decoding for Optical CDMA”,IEEE Phototonics Tech.Lett. Vol.12,No.5,2000,573-577
[19] 胡 玉 , 马 君 显 , 时 频 结 合 的 OCDMA 编 解 码 技 术 , 深 圳 大 学 理 工 报 ,Vol21,No11,Jan12004
[20] Jen-Fa Huang and Dar-Zu Hso,”Fiber-grating-based optical CDMA spectral coding with nearly orthogonal M-sequence codes”,IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2000,Vol.12,No.9,1252-1254
[21] Kurokawa.T,Tsuda O.K.Time-space-conersion optical signal processijg using arrayed-wavwguide grating.Elec.Lett,1999,33(22);1890-1891
[22] Chao-Chin Yang,Hybrid Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing/Spectral-Amplitude-Coding Optical CDMA System,IEEE Phototonics Technology Letters VOL.17.NO.6,JUNE 2005,1343-1345
[23] L.R.Chen,”Technologies for hybrid wavelength/time optical CDMA transmission,”Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE’01),Toronto,Ontario,May 2001,vol.1,435-440
[24] A. S. Holmes and R. R. Syms, ``All-optical cdma using "quasi-prime" codes,'' IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1992.,Vol. 10, No.2pp. 279-286,
[25]李传起,基于 2D-OOC 的 OCDMA 系统的地址码结构研究,光子学报,Vol 32,No.1:46-50
[26] J.Yin. Some combinatorial constructions for optical orthogonal codes. Discr. Math., 1998, 185:201-219
[27] Siomon Ayotte,Student member ,IEEE,Student Member,OSA,Martin Rochette.Experimental Verifyication and Capacity Predictation of F-OCDMA Using Superimposed FBG.Journal of Lightwave Technology,VOL,23,No2,2005(2):724-731
[28] 何瑾林,光纤光栅在光通信系统的应用研究,东南大学博士论文,2000。
[29] Jen-Fa Huang and Dar-Zu Hso,”Fiber-grating-based optical CDMA spectral coding with nearly orthogonal M-sequence codes”,IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2000,Vol.12,No.9,1252-1254
[30] M.Kavehrad,D.Zacarin.Optical Code-Division-Multiplexed Systems Based on Spectral Encoding of Encoding of Noncoherent Sources.IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology,1995,3(3):534-545
[31] Svetislav V.Maric,and Vincent K.N.Lau,”Mulitirate Fiber-optic CDMA :system design and performance analysis”,Journal of Lightwave Technology,1998, Vol.16,No.1,9-17
[32] K.Wakafuji and T.Ohtsuki,Direct-detection optical CDMS receiver with interference estimate and double optical hardlimiter.J.Light-wave Technol.,Vol.21.pp.2182-2188,Oct.2003.
[33] Laurie B.Nelson,“Performance of multiuser detection for optical CDMA. –Part I. Error probabilities”IEEE Transactions on Communicayions,1995,Vol.43,No.11, 2803-2811
[34] Antonio J.Mendez,Sennior Member,IEEE,Rbbert M.Gagliardi.Design and Performance Analysis of Wavelength/Time(W/T)Matrix Codes for Optical CDMA. Journal of Lightwave Technology Vol.21,No.11,Novermber2003.2524-2533.
[35] Marcuse D.Theory of Dielectric Optical Waveguide.New York :Acadamic Press,1974.
[36] Kenneth A,Greer Mc.Arrayed waveguide grating for wavelength routing.IEEE Communication Magazine,1998(12):62-68
[37] Akimasa K,Akio S,Katsunari O.Recent progress on arrayed waveguide gratings for DWDM applications.IEICD Trans.Electrom,2000,E83-C(6):860-867
[38] Sugita A, Kaneko A,Okamoto K.Very low insertion loss arrayed-wavwguide grating with vertically tapered waveguides.IEEE P hotonics Technol Lett.,2000,12(9):1180-1182.
[39] Kenneth A,Mcgreer .Arrayed waveguide grating for wavelength routing.IEEE Communication Magazine,19989120;62-68.
[40] Yim.R.M.H.Chen L.Design and performance of 2D codes for wavelength –time optical for fiber-optic CDMA networks.Jlightwave Technology,1998,1694):501-508.
[41] Kim S,Yu K,Park N A new family of space/wavelength/time spread three dimentional optical code for OCDMA network.J.Lightwave Technology,2000,18(4):502-511.
[42] SALEHIHIJ J A ,BRACKETT C A.Code division multiple-access techniques in optical fiber network-Part2 ; system performance analysis.IEEE Transaction Communication,1989,37(8):834-842
[43] M. Kavehrad and D.Zacarin,Optical code-division-multiplexed system based on spectral encoding of noncoherent sources.J.Lightwave Technol.,vol.13,pp.534-545,Mar,1995