卫星光CDMA通信系统链路及网络初步研究
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摘要
卫星光CDMA通信具有大容量、抗干扰、保密等众多优点,应用前景广泛,对军事和商用都有重要意义。同时,光CDMA技术应用到卫星通信中是一个全新的研究领域。随着地址码的构造、编/解码技术、多用户干扰等技术的进展,将光CDMA技术应用到卫星通信中成为可能,但仍有许多待研究的技术问题。为此,本文对以下内容展开深入的研究:
1)分析研究了卫星光CDMA通信系统的基本原理和关键技术,如调制解调技术、地址码的构造技术、光CDMA编解码技术、探测技术、无线光-光纤耦合技术及ATP技术。为本文要研究的主要内容提供理论基础。
2)本文主要研究与卫星链路相关的物理特性及通信系统性能。分析研究了卫星光CDMA通信系统中卫星仰角、方位角和距离,给出了探测器能够接收到的光功率以及ATP子系统捕获及跟瞄的范围;对卫星光CDMA通信系统性能模型和基于卫星振动系统性能模型的研究,分析了多用户干扰、接收光功率、背景光噪声、振动偏差以及码速率对系统误码率的影响,给出了相应的改进措施。对卫星光CDMA通信系统的设计有一定的参考价值。
3)初步研究CDMA技术在卫星光网络中的应用,分别对在卫星接入网及卫星骨干网中应用光CDMA技术进行初步探讨,包括网络方案、拓扑结构等,并提出当前面临的相关问题。对指导卫星光CDMA网络的应用有一定的参考价值。
4)为了通过实验对卫星光CDMA通信系统进行验证和性能分析,设计了快跳频无线光CDMA实验系统方案,搭建了系统实验平台并进行模拟实验。成功实现了622Mbps无线光CDMA通信的系统实验,在国内还未见相关报道,实验结果表明该系统具有良好的性能。为光CDMA技术应用到卫星通信中提供了实验数据。
Having high quality in high-capacity, anti-jamming, privacy etc, inter-satellite optical CDMA communication technology is promising. As the address code, code or encode multi-user detecting etc developing, it’s impossible to use optical CDMA technology into satellite communication. This dissertation does research on the problem.
By calculating parameters including the link length, the azimuth angle, the elevation, the optical power that the inter-satellite optical CDMA communication system will receive, the variation range of the azimuth angle and the elevation from the optical antenna of ATP are understood well.
By analyzing the factors to impact Bit-Error-Rate(BER) from the received power, multi-user disturbing, background noise, wavelength, bit rate etc, measures to guarantee high performances of the system are obtained, especially those for smoothing the fluctuation of the received optical power from host platform vibration. All those offer important design basis for satellite optical communication.
Then, this paper studies how to apply optical CDMA in satellite communication network, studies for intra-satellite optical communication network, satellite optical communication access network, and satellite optical communication backbone network separately, it is worth to going further.
For demonstrating and analyzing the performances of satellite optical CDMA communication system, this paper design the fast frequency hop Wireless Optical CDMA (W-OCDMA) experimental system, the results from the experiment indicate that the system performance are high. Considering the bit-rate up to 622Mbps, it is perfect to implement the W-OCDMA in high speed communication system. It lays the foundation to study OCDMA communication system further.
1)分析研究了卫星光CDMA通信系统的基本原理和关键技术,如调制解调技术、地址码的构造技术、光CDMA编解码技术、探测技术、无线光-光纤耦合技术及ATP技术。为本文要研究的主要内容提供理论基础。
2)本文主要研究与卫星链路相关的物理特性及通信系统性能。分析研究了卫星光CDMA通信系统中卫星仰角、方位角和距离,给出了探测器能够接收到的光功率以及ATP子系统捕获及跟瞄的范围;对卫星光CDMA通信系统性能模型和基于卫星振动系统性能模型的研究,分析了多用户干扰、接收光功率、背景光噪声、振动偏差以及码速率对系统误码率的影响,给出了相应的改进措施。对卫星光CDMA通信系统的设计有一定的参考价值。
3)初步研究CDMA技术在卫星光网络中的应用,分别对在卫星接入网及卫星骨干网中应用光CDMA技术进行初步探讨,包括网络方案、拓扑结构等,并提出当前面临的相关问题。对指导卫星光CDMA网络的应用有一定的参考价值。
4)为了通过实验对卫星光CDMA通信系统进行验证和性能分析,设计了快跳频无线光CDMA实验系统方案,搭建了系统实验平台并进行模拟实验。成功实现了622Mbps无线光CDMA通信的系统实验,在国内还未见相关报道,实验结果表明该系统具有良好的性能。为光CDMA技术应用到卫星通信中提供了实验数据。
Having high quality in high-capacity, anti-jamming, privacy etc, inter-satellite optical CDMA communication technology is promising. As the address code, code or encode multi-user detecting etc developing, it’s impossible to use optical CDMA technology into satellite communication. This dissertation does research on the problem.
By calculating parameters including the link length, the azimuth angle, the elevation, the optical power that the inter-satellite optical CDMA communication system will receive, the variation range of the azimuth angle and the elevation from the optical antenna of ATP are understood well.
By analyzing the factors to impact Bit-Error-Rate(BER) from the received power, multi-user disturbing, background noise, wavelength, bit rate etc, measures to guarantee high performances of the system are obtained, especially those for smoothing the fluctuation of the received optical power from host platform vibration. All those offer important design basis for satellite optical communication.
Then, this paper studies how to apply optical CDMA in satellite communication network, studies for intra-satellite optical communication network, satellite optical communication access network, and satellite optical communication backbone network separately, it is worth to going further.
For demonstrating and analyzing the performances of satellite optical CDMA communication system, this paper design the fast frequency hop Wireless Optical CDMA (W-OCDMA) experimental system, the results from the experiment indicate that the system performance are high. Considering the bit-rate up to 622Mbps, it is perfect to implement the W-OCDMA in high speed communication system. It lays the foundation to study OCDMA communication system further.
引文
[1] J V Evans. Satellite Systems for Personal Communications. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, 39(3):7-20
[2] P C Neusy, M. Kavehrad. Proposal for an all-optical code-division multiple access for local area networks. Electrical Letters, 30 Aug,1990.26(18):1471–1473
[3] Nikos K. Optical Satellite Networks. Journal of Lightwave Technology. 2000,18(12):1792-1806
[4] Karafolas N, Baroni S. High capacity optic networking technique for broadband satellite constellation. Proceeding 4th IEEE Workshop Satellite-Based Information 1999:19-30
[5] 李颖,方秀花.美军转型通信及其关键技术.中国航天,2004,09: 15 –18
[6] National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), 2005
[7] Salehi J A, Brackett C A, Code division multiple-access techniques in optical fiber networks. II. Systems performance analysis. IEEE, 1989, 37(8): 834-842
[8] F.R.K.Chung, J.A.Salehi, and V.K.Wei. Optical orthogonal code design, analysis, and applications. IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 1989, May, Vol.35: 595-604
[9] Balendran B, Fernando X N. Adaptive cancellation of periodic noise and multipath dispersion in an infrared wireless CDMA system. Electrical and Computer Engineering, Canadian Conference on , 2004,Vol.1: 201-204
[10] Sleighing P, Shahabadi M., Salehi, J A. Application of equal-weight orthogonal signaling to non-directed wireless infrared CDMA networks. Electronics Letters, 2002, 38(15): 804-805
[11] Chang, T W F, Sargent, E H. Optimizing spectral efficiency in multiwavelength optical CDMA system. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2003, 51(9): 1442–1445
[12] J M H, Elmirghani, R A Cryan. Indoor infrared wireless networks utilizing PPM CDMA. IEEE, 1994, 1(3):334-337
[13] Ohtsuki T. Performance analysis of atmospheric optical CDMA systems. IEEE, 2002, 5(5): 2933-293
[14] L L Jeromin, J E Kanfmann, E A Bucher. Free space optical code division multiple access system design. SPIE, 1993, 1866:167-179
[15] R M Gagliardi. Pulse-coded multiple access in space optical communications. Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE, 1995, 13(3):603-608
[16] K Sayano, I Nguyen, J K Chan RDL. Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies ⅩⅢ,G.Stephen Mecherle,Editol Proceedings of SPIE, Vol.4272(2001)
[17] 万生鹏.光 CDMA 系统及关键技术: [博士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2002
[18] 谭庆贵,胡渝.空间光 CDMA 系统研究.光通信技术,2004,28(117) :46-49
[19] Kazuhiro Kimura, Keizo Inagaki, Yoshio Karasawa. Global satellite communication network using double-layered inclined orbit constellation with optical inter-satellite links. SPIE, 2669:12-23
[20] 甘良才等著.卫星通信系统.武汉大学出版社,2002,15-37
[21] Timothy, Pratt Charles, Bostian Jeremy, Allnutt.卫星通信(甘良才等译).电子工业出版,2005,15-29
[22] 吕海寰等.卫星通信系统.北京:人民邮电出版社,1988,12-33
[23] 张九龙,酆广增. 我国移动卫星星座设计、覆盖分析及动态仿真.南京邮电学院学报, 2002,22 (2) :11-15
[24] 张海忠,王东进,刘发林.适于中国的移动卫星通信系统星座设计方案.中国科学技术大学学报, 2000,30(6) :666-670
[25] 胡剑浩,吴诗其,冯钢.中国低轨移动通信系统星座设计.电子学报,1996,24(7) :12-16
[26] 刘 刚,吴诗其. 区域性星座设计.系统工程与电子技术,24(7) :15-18
[27] 罗彤. 星间光通信 ATP 中捕获、跟踪技术研究:[博士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2005
[28] Harald Keller, Horst Salzwedel, Gunar Schorcht, Volker Zerbe. Geometric Aspects of Polar and Near Polar Circular Orbits for the Use of Intersatellite Links for Global Communication. IEEE. VTC’98:199-203
[29] A H Ballard. Rosette Constellations of Earth Satellites .IEEE Trans on Aero space and Electronic Sys.,1980,16(5):656-673.
[30] 李赞,张乃通.卫星移动通信系统星间链路空间参数分析.通信学报, 2000, 21(6) :92-96
[31] 李传起,孙小菡,张明德等. 基于2D-OOC的OCDMA系统的地址码结构研究. 光子学报, 2003, 32(1) :46-50
[32] 李传起,孙小菡,张明德等. OCDMA系统二维RS地址码的设计方案及性能分析.光子学报,2004,33(2) :187～191.
[33] Salehi J A, Brackett C A. Code division multiple-access techniques in optical fiber networks. IEEE, 1989, 37(8):834-842
[34] Kwon H M. Optical orthogonal code-division multiple-access system. IEEE, 1994, 42(7): 2470-2479.
[35] 林佩.二维 W-OCDMA 系统多用户检测及信道编码技术的研究. [硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学, 2005
[36] Ohtsuki T. Performance analysis of atmospheric optical CDMA systems.IEEE, 2002, 5(5): 2933-2937
[37] Shlomi Arnon, Kopeika N S. Laser Satellite Communication Network-Vibration Effect and Possible Solutions. Proceedings of IEEE, 1997, 85(10):1646-1661
[38] Ohtsuki T. Performance analysis of atmospheric optical PPM CDMA systems. Lightwave Technology, 2003, 21(2):406- 411
[39] 郭圆月,王东进,刘发林.卫星光网络中微波/光波双层路由技术方案.南京大学学报, 2004,40( 4 ):15-18
[40] 蔡茂国,杨淑雯,殷洪玺.光码分多址全光网络实现方案.电子学报,2001,29(8):1148-1150
[41] Ken-ichi, Kitayama. Code DivisionMultiplexing Lightwave Networks Based upon Optical Code Conversion. IEEE J. Selected Areas in Comm, 1998,16(7):1309-1320
[42] Vincent W S Chan, Fellow. Optical satellite netwok.IEEE,2003,21(11):2811-2826
[2] P C Neusy, M. Kavehrad. Proposal for an all-optical code-division multiple access for local area networks. Electrical Letters, 30 Aug,1990.26(18):1471–1473
[3] Nikos K. Optical Satellite Networks. Journal of Lightwave Technology. 2000,18(12):1792-1806
[4] Karafolas N, Baroni S. High capacity optic networking technique for broadband satellite constellation. Proceeding 4th IEEE Workshop Satellite-Based Information 1999:19-30
[5] 李颖,方秀花.美军转型通信及其关键技术.中国航天,2004,09: 15 –18
[6] National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), 2005
[7] Salehi J A, Brackett C A, Code division multiple-access techniques in optical fiber networks. II. Systems performance analysis. IEEE, 1989, 37(8): 834-842
[8] F.R.K.Chung, J.A.Salehi, and V.K.Wei. Optical orthogonal code design, analysis, and applications. IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 1989, May, Vol.35: 595-604
[9] Balendran B, Fernando X N. Adaptive cancellation of periodic noise and multipath dispersion in an infrared wireless CDMA system. Electrical and Computer Engineering, Canadian Conference on , 2004,Vol.1: 201-204
[10] Sleighing P, Shahabadi M., Salehi, J A. Application of equal-weight orthogonal signaling to non-directed wireless infrared CDMA networks. Electronics Letters, 2002, 38(15): 804-805
[11] Chang, T W F, Sargent, E H. Optimizing spectral efficiency in multiwavelength optical CDMA system. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2003, 51(9): 1442–1445
[12] J M H, Elmirghani, R A Cryan. Indoor infrared wireless networks utilizing PPM CDMA. IEEE, 1994, 1(3):334-337
[13] Ohtsuki T. Performance analysis of atmospheric optical CDMA systems. IEEE, 2002, 5(5): 2933-293
[14] L L Jeromin, J E Kanfmann, E A Bucher. Free space optical code division multiple access system design. SPIE, 1993, 1866:167-179
[15] R M Gagliardi. Pulse-coded multiple access in space optical communications. Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE, 1995, 13(3):603-608
[16] K Sayano, I Nguyen, J K Chan RDL. Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies ⅩⅢ,G.Stephen Mecherle,Editol Proceedings of SPIE, Vol.4272(2001)
[17] 万生鹏.光 CDMA 系统及关键技术: [博士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2002
[18] 谭庆贵,胡渝.空间光 CDMA 系统研究.光通信技术,2004,28(117) :46-49
[19] Kazuhiro Kimura, Keizo Inagaki, Yoshio Karasawa. Global satellite communication network using double-layered inclined orbit constellation with optical inter-satellite links. SPIE, 2669:12-23
[20] 甘良才等著.卫星通信系统.武汉大学出版社,2002,15-37
[21] Timothy, Pratt Charles, Bostian Jeremy, Allnutt.卫星通信(甘良才等译).电子工业出版,2005,15-29
[22] 吕海寰等.卫星通信系统.北京:人民邮电出版社,1988,12-33
[23] 张九龙,酆广增. 我国移动卫星星座设计、覆盖分析及动态仿真.南京邮电学院学报, 2002,22 (2) :11-15
[24] 张海忠,王东进,刘发林.适于中国的移动卫星通信系统星座设计方案.中国科学技术大学学报, 2000,30(6) :666-670
[25] 胡剑浩,吴诗其,冯钢.中国低轨移动通信系统星座设计.电子学报,1996,24(7) :12-16
[26] 刘 刚,吴诗其. 区域性星座设计.系统工程与电子技术,24(7) :15-18
[27] 罗彤. 星间光通信 ATP 中捕获、跟踪技术研究:[博士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2005
[28] Harald Keller, Horst Salzwedel, Gunar Schorcht, Volker Zerbe. Geometric Aspects of Polar and Near Polar Circular Orbits for the Use of Intersatellite Links for Global Communication. IEEE. VTC’98:199-203
[29] A H Ballard. Rosette Constellations of Earth Satellites .IEEE Trans on Aero space and Electronic Sys.,1980,16(5):656-673.
[30] 李赞,张乃通.卫星移动通信系统星间链路空间参数分析.通信学报, 2000, 21(6) :92-96
[31] 李传起,孙小菡,张明德等. 基于2D-OOC的OCDMA系统的地址码结构研究. 光子学报, 2003, 32(1) :46-50
[32] 李传起,孙小菡,张明德等. OCDMA系统二维RS地址码的设计方案及性能分析.光子学报,2004,33(2) :187～191.
[33] Salehi J A, Brackett C A. Code division multiple-access techniques in optical fiber networks. IEEE, 1989, 37(8):834-842
[34] Kwon H M. Optical orthogonal code-division multiple-access system. IEEE, 1994, 42(7): 2470-2479.
[35] 林佩.二维 W-OCDMA 系统多用户检测及信道编码技术的研究. [硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学, 2005
[36] Ohtsuki T. Performance analysis of atmospheric optical CDMA systems.IEEE, 2002, 5(5): 2933-2937
[37] Shlomi Arnon, Kopeika N S. Laser Satellite Communication Network-Vibration Effect and Possible Solutions. Proceedings of IEEE, 1997, 85(10):1646-1661
[38] Ohtsuki T. Performance analysis of atmospheric optical PPM CDMA systems. Lightwave Technology, 2003, 21(2):406- 411
[39] 郭圆月,王东进,刘发林.卫星光网络中微波/光波双层路由技术方案.南京大学学报, 2004,40( 4 ):15-18
[40] 蔡茂国,杨淑雯,殷洪玺.光码分多址全光网络实现方案.电子学报,2001,29(8):1148-1150
[41] Ken-ichi, Kitayama. Code DivisionMultiplexing Lightwave Networks Based upon Optical Code Conversion. IEEE J. Selected Areas in Comm, 1998,16(7):1309-1320
[42] Vincent W S Chan, Fellow. Optical satellite netwok.IEEE,2003,21(11):2811-2826