基于光谱吸收的光纤式有害气体测量技术的研究
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摘要
随着石油、天然气工业以及煤炭工业的发展,煤矿爆炸事故日益增加。我国是世界上最大的煤炭生产和消费国,也是世界上少数以煤为主要能源的国家之一。在煤炭的生产、加工过程中产生的大量甲烷(CH4)及一氧化碳(CO)等易燃易爆气体,带来了煤矿安全、环境污染等一系列的问题。因此,对煤矿生产、加工过程中产生的有害气体进行高灵敏度检测变得十分重要。
通信技术的发展使得光源及各种光纤器件性能更加完善。因此,在各种气体传感器中光纤气体传感器受到国内外研究者的广泛关注。光纤气体传感器因其敏感元件与检测电路和信号处理电路实现了完全的电隔离,使系统更加安全可靠。
本文以煤矿井下主要有害气体甲烷(CH4)和一氧化碳(CO)为检测目标气体,进行基于光谱吸收的全光纤传感系统的理论和实验研究。研究的主要工作如下:
(1)应用气体分子光谱理论和实验,研究甲烷分子及一氧化碳分子的近红外光谱吸收特性,选择吸收波长,消除交叉敏感。
(2)研究基于光谱吸收理论的气体传感技术,抑制检测信号中与气体浓度无关的各种干扰成份,提高系统的检测灵敏度。
(3)基于光纤布拉格光栅的窄带滤波特性,设计了以光纤布拉格光栅为滤光元件的差分吸收系统和谐波检测系统。
(4)利用光纤布拉格光栅作为光学滤波器,设计CH4和CO两种气体在线监测系统,进行光学传感气室的设计与研制。研究光源和光探测器的光电特性,研究分析光纤与光源、光探测器与光纤以及光纤与气室之间高效耦合技术。
(5)研究微弱光信号的检测技术,设计具有较高信噪比的光电微弱信号检测电路。
(6)对系统进行实验与结果分析。包括光源特性、探测器特性及系统对CH4和CO气体的吸收实验。
Along with the development of oil and natural gas industry, the coal mine exploding accident increased everyday. China is the country with the maximal coal yield and consumption, and also is one of the countries using coal as the most energy sources. Many kinds of inflammable and explosive gases such as methane(CH4)and carbon monoxide(CO) coexisting in the process caused a series of problem like the safety problem and environment pollution and so on. So it is very important to detect more sensitive the harmful gases engendering in the coal mine.
Development of the communication technology has made the performance of the optical fiber parts more perfect. So, in all of gas sensor, optical fiber one has attracted wide interest by related researchers domestic or abroad. Especially optical fiber sensor is more safe and reliable, for electrical insulation has been realized by the separation of optical fiber sensor from detection and signal processing circuit. Aiming at the most harmful gases, methane and carbon monoxide in the coal mine, the dissertation takes deep research on the theory and experiment of the all fiber sensing system based on spectrum absorption theory. The main research contents s are as follows:
(1)Based on molecule spectrum theory and experimental, the spectrum absorption characteristic of methane and carbon monoxide molecule in near infrared region is studied on detail. This played solid foundation for measurement wavelength selection, and effectively eliminated cross sensitivity.
(2)In order to restrain the signal measurement component, which has no relationship with density, and improve the sensitivity of the measurement system, the paper make deep research on the gas sensing technology based on spectrum absorption theory.
(3)Using the narrowband filter characteristics of fiber Bragg grating, differential absorption measurement system and harmonic measurement system is designed respectively.
(4)Using FBG as an optical filter, all-fiber system measuring two research gases on line is designed. The optical sensing gas chamber is designed and made. In addition, the characteristic of light source and the detector is discussed, and coupling technologybetween light source with the fiber, and the fiber with the detector, as well as fiber with the gas chamber is studied.
(5)Study on detection technology of the weak absorption signal, design the photoelectric detecting circuit with higher SNR.
(6)Experimental research and analysis have been completed, which includes SLED spectrum characteristics, characteristic of detector, and absorption experiment of methane and carbon monoxide.
通信技术的发展使得光源及各种光纤器件性能更加完善。因此,在各种气体传感器中光纤气体传感器受到国内外研究者的广泛关注。光纤气体传感器因其敏感元件与检测电路和信号处理电路实现了完全的电隔离,使系统更加安全可靠。
本文以煤矿井下主要有害气体甲烷(CH4)和一氧化碳(CO)为检测目标气体,进行基于光谱吸收的全光纤传感系统的理论和实验研究。研究的主要工作如下:
(1)应用气体分子光谱理论和实验,研究甲烷分子及一氧化碳分子的近红外光谱吸收特性,选择吸收波长,消除交叉敏感。
(2)研究基于光谱吸收理论的气体传感技术,抑制检测信号中与气体浓度无关的各种干扰成份,提高系统的检测灵敏度。
(3)基于光纤布拉格光栅的窄带滤波特性,设计了以光纤布拉格光栅为滤光元件的差分吸收系统和谐波检测系统。
(4)利用光纤布拉格光栅作为光学滤波器,设计CH4和CO两种气体在线监测系统,进行光学传感气室的设计与研制。研究光源和光探测器的光电特性,研究分析光纤与光源、光探测器与光纤以及光纤与气室之间高效耦合技术。
(5)研究微弱光信号的检测技术,设计具有较高信噪比的光电微弱信号检测电路。
(6)对系统进行实验与结果分析。包括光源特性、探测器特性及系统对CH4和CO气体的吸收实验。
Along with the development of oil and natural gas industry, the coal mine exploding accident increased everyday. China is the country with the maximal coal yield and consumption, and also is one of the countries using coal as the most energy sources. Many kinds of inflammable and explosive gases such as methane(CH4)and carbon monoxide(CO) coexisting in the process caused a series of problem like the safety problem and environment pollution and so on. So it is very important to detect more sensitive the harmful gases engendering in the coal mine.
Development of the communication technology has made the performance of the optical fiber parts more perfect. So, in all of gas sensor, optical fiber one has attracted wide interest by related researchers domestic or abroad. Especially optical fiber sensor is more safe and reliable, for electrical insulation has been realized by the separation of optical fiber sensor from detection and signal processing circuit. Aiming at the most harmful gases, methane and carbon monoxide in the coal mine, the dissertation takes deep research on the theory and experiment of the all fiber sensing system based on spectrum absorption theory. The main research contents s are as follows:
(1)Based on molecule spectrum theory and experimental, the spectrum absorption characteristic of methane and carbon monoxide molecule in near infrared region is studied on detail. This played solid foundation for measurement wavelength selection, and effectively eliminated cross sensitivity.
(2)In order to restrain the signal measurement component, which has no relationship with density, and improve the sensitivity of the measurement system, the paper make deep research on the gas sensing technology based on spectrum absorption theory.
(3)Using the narrowband filter characteristics of fiber Bragg grating, differential absorption measurement system and harmonic measurement system is designed respectively.
(4)Using FBG as an optical filter, all-fiber system measuring two research gases on line is designed. The optical sensing gas chamber is designed and made. In addition, the characteristic of light source and the detector is discussed, and coupling technologybetween light source with the fiber, and the fiber with the detector, as well as fiber with the gas chamber is studied.
(5)Study on detection technology of the weak absorption signal, design the photoelectric detecting circuit with higher SNR.
(6)Experimental research and analysis have been completed, which includes SLED spectrum characteristics, characteristic of detector, and absorption experiment of methane and carbon monoxide.
引文
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