二维PSD在石油钻杆曲率检测中的应用
摘要
石油钻杆曲率的检测是石油勘探中一项关键的技术,本文提出了一种新的基于二维位置敏感探测器PSD的石油钻杆曲率检测系统。本系统是利用PSD位置传感器,将光电子技术与单片机技术结合在一起的精密的石油钻杆曲率测量系统,与传统检测方法相比它有着测量精度高,测量装置体积小,使用简单,功耗低,响应快等特点。具有很高的经济效益和科学实用价值。
本系统采用光敏面有效面积为10mm×10mm的PSD器件S5991-01;前置放大器选择低偏置电流特性、低输入噪声,低零漂移的器件;系统中选用的光源是近红外线半导体激光器,原因是其辐射光谱与PSD的峰值响应波长有良好的匹配性;系统中的MSP430系列单片机软件设计采用了C语言,这使软件功能的扩展具有了较大的灵活性,可以引入实时操作系统,实现多任务操作。
具体的设计方案是在石油钻杆一端放置位置敏感探测器PSD,另一端放置半导体激光器,中间放置光学系统。经过光学系统的光照射到PSD上,如果石油钻杆没有弯曲,则光斑应该位于PSD的中心,否则会有一个偏离。石油钻杆弯曲程度不同,引起照射到PSD光敏面上的光斑位置的不同。通过对位置敏感探测器PSD受到光源照射后输出的模拟交流电流信号进行电流—电压转换,信号放大,信号加减,然后选用单片机MSP430进行数据采集和A/D转换,并对数据进行曲率解算。本论文工作的具体内容包括该系统的光路设计,器件选型,电路设计、制版、调试以及MSP430的编程;并对照射到PSD光敏面上的光斑重心位置进行了检测,实验表明PSD传感器对光斑位置的检测精度较高,验证了将该系统用于石油钻杆的实时曲率检测的可行性与可靠性。
Curvature of oil drill pipe testing is an important technology in oil prospecting. In this paper, a new curvature testing system based on PSD is developed in oil drill pipe detection. This system is a precise curvature testing system in oil drill pipe detection which uses position sensor detector combining photoelectric technology and Sensor technology. Compared with tradition method this system has the characteristics of high precision, small volume, easy to be used, low power, fast response etc., so it has high economic effect and scientific utility.The position sensor detector of S5991-01 is selected in this system which has the effective area of photo-sensitive surface 10mm ×10mm;a semiconductor laser which center wavelength is about 0.96 μ m was used as the light source, because its reflecting spectrums and peak response wavelength of PSD matches well;In software designing c language is used which make the function of the software easy expend, make the real-time operating system easy download, make the multitask operating system easy carry out.The concrete design scheme is as follows: position sensor detector is set on one side of oil drill pipe, semiconductor laser is set on the other side of oil drill pipe, and then the ray which passed through optical system will irradiate the position sensor detector. If there is little bending of the pipe, the beam waist will be in the center of PSD, otherwise the beam waist from the center of PSD will be existed. According to amount of curved reach of the pipe, the position of beam waist will change. The AC-current signal from PSD which is illuminated by the light source passes through current-voltage conversion, signal amplification, voltage operation, then is collected ,A/D by MSP430 to get Curvature data of oil drill pipe.
本系统采用光敏面有效面积为10mm×10mm的PSD器件S5991-01;前置放大器选择低偏置电流特性、低输入噪声,低零漂移的器件;系统中选用的光源是近红外线半导体激光器,原因是其辐射光谱与PSD的峰值响应波长有良好的匹配性;系统中的MSP430系列单片机软件设计采用了C语言,这使软件功能的扩展具有了较大的灵活性,可以引入实时操作系统,实现多任务操作。
具体的设计方案是在石油钻杆一端放置位置敏感探测器PSD,另一端放置半导体激光器,中间放置光学系统。经过光学系统的光照射到PSD上,如果石油钻杆没有弯曲,则光斑应该位于PSD的中心,否则会有一个偏离。石油钻杆弯曲程度不同,引起照射到PSD光敏面上的光斑位置的不同。通过对位置敏感探测器PSD受到光源照射后输出的模拟交流电流信号进行电流—电压转换,信号放大,信号加减,然后选用单片机MSP430进行数据采集和A/D转换,并对数据进行曲率解算。本论文工作的具体内容包括该系统的光路设计,器件选型,电路设计、制版、调试以及MSP430的编程;并对照射到PSD光敏面上的光斑重心位置进行了检测,实验表明PSD传感器对光斑位置的检测精度较高,验证了将该系统用于石油钻杆的实时曲率检测的可行性与可靠性。
Curvature of oil drill pipe testing is an important technology in oil prospecting. In this paper, a new curvature testing system based on PSD is developed in oil drill pipe detection. This system is a precise curvature testing system in oil drill pipe detection which uses position sensor detector combining photoelectric technology and Sensor technology. Compared with tradition method this system has the characteristics of high precision, small volume, easy to be used, low power, fast response etc., so it has high economic effect and scientific utility.The position sensor detector of S5991-01 is selected in this system which has the effective area of photo-sensitive surface 10mm ×10mm;a semiconductor laser which center wavelength is about 0.96 μ m was used as the light source, because its reflecting spectrums and peak response wavelength of PSD matches well;In software designing c language is used which make the function of the software easy expend, make the real-time operating system easy download, make the multitask operating system easy carry out.The concrete design scheme is as follows: position sensor detector is set on one side of oil drill pipe, semiconductor laser is set on the other side of oil drill pipe, and then the ray which passed through optical system will irradiate the position sensor detector. If there is little bending of the pipe, the beam waist will be in the center of PSD, otherwise the beam waist from the center of PSD will be existed. According to amount of curved reach of the pipe, the position of beam waist will change. The AC-current signal from PSD which is illuminated by the light source passes through current-voltage conversion, signal amplification, voltage operation, then is collected ,A/D by MSP430 to get Curvature data of oil drill pipe.
引文
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[2] 樊尚春.传感器技术及应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[3] 施隆照,黄梅珍,杨小玲等.二维位置敏感探测器及信号处理器.传感器技术,2002,21(6):20-22.
[4] Chien-Hung Liu, Wen-Yuh Jywe, Lih-Horng Shyu and Chun-Jen Chen. Application of a diffraction grating and position sensitive detectors to the measurement of error motion and angular indexing of an indexing table. Precision Engineering, 2005, 29(4): 440-448.
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[6] 袁峰等.PSD应用系统的设计.哈尔滨科技大学学报,1994,18(1):4-7.
[7] 袁雅珍.位敏探测器PSD特性及其在三角测量中的应用.光学精密工程,1996,4(4):116-120.
[8] 林华,王晓秋.PSD及其在非接触测量中的应用.激光技术,1998,22(1):52-53.
[9] K. Kovacevic, M. Zadro. Two-dimensional position sensitive silicon photodiode as a charged particle detector. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, 1999, A 423: 103-107.
[10] 严伯铎.中国工程测量技术的发展与展望.地矿测绘,2005,21(4):39-42.
[11] 巨西民,莫润阳.石油钻杆内壁体积型腐蚀缺陷的超声检测.无损检测,2000,22(4):165-167.
[12] 马玉真,王慧.不规则内孔轨迹的检测.山东建材学院学报,1996,10(2):40-43.
[13] 张贞勇,宫经彪.超声波技术在提升短节检验中的应用.石油钻探技术,2002,30(5):51-52.
[14] 张雨印编.半导体光电子学,上海:上海科学技术出版社,1987.
[15] 赵志刚,毕晓麟.CMOS图像传感器在光电自动跟踪系统中的应用.科学技术与工程,2006,6(3):312-314.
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[18] 蔡文贵,李永远,许振华编著.CCD技术及应用.北京:电子工业出版社,1992.
[19] 夏含信,秦岚,孙先逵.PSD同步检测多路光位置信号的新方法.仪器仪表学报,2004,25(4)增刊:4-6.
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[21] 刘科恩.半导体物理学.北京:国防工业出版社,1994.
[22] 缪家鼎,徐文娟,牟东升编著.光电技术.杭州:浙江大学出版社,1995.
[23] Rodrigo Martins, Elvira Portunato. Simulation of the lateral photo effect in large area I-D A-SI: H P-I-N thin film position sensitive detectors, SPIE 2397: 745-756(1994)
[24] 何希才.传感器及其应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2001.
[25] 张广军.PSD器件及其在精密测量中的应用.北京肮天航空大学学报,1997,20(3):259-262.
[26] 唐九耀等.二维PSD的结构和性能分析.功能材料与器件学报,2000,6(3):301-304.
[27] HAMAMATSU Products Handbook. Position-Sensitive Detectors
[28] 郭福源,黄梅珍,陈钮清.四边形电极结构的特性测试与分析.激光与红外,2002,3(25):342-344.
[29] 郝允祥编著.光度学.北京:北京师范大学出版社,1988.
[30] 张永林,狄红卫编著.光电子技术.北京:高等教育出版社,2005.
[31] 郭培源,梁丽编著.光电子技术基础教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
[32] 罗先和,张广军,骆飞编著.光电检测技术.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1995.
[33] 魏小龙.MSP430系列单片机接口技术及系统设计实例.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002.
[34] 胡大可编著.MSP430系列超低功耗16位单片机原理与应用.北京:北京航空航天大学,2000.
[35] 胡大可编著.MSP430系列单片机C语言程序设计与开发.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.
[36] 秦龙编著.MSP430单片机应用系统开发典型实例.北京:中国电力出版社,2005.
[37] HD61202使用手册
[38] 王晓东,赵杰等.一种新型激光测距传感器的设计与分析.传感器技术,1994,6:20-29.
[2] 樊尚春.传感器技术及应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[3] 施隆照,黄梅珍,杨小玲等.二维位置敏感探测器及信号处理器.传感器技术,2002,21(6):20-22.
[4] Chien-Hung Liu, Wen-Yuh Jywe, Lih-Horng Shyu and Chun-Jen Chen. Application of a diffraction grating and position sensitive detectors to the measurement of error motion and angular indexing of an indexing table. Precision Engineering, 2005, 29(4): 440-448.
[5] 王晓东等.采用PSD的激光测距传感器的检测及控制电路.传感器技术,1995,5:36-37.
[6] 袁峰等.PSD应用系统的设计.哈尔滨科技大学学报,1994,18(1):4-7.
[7] 袁雅珍.位敏探测器PSD特性及其在三角测量中的应用.光学精密工程,1996,4(4):116-120.
[8] 林华,王晓秋.PSD及其在非接触测量中的应用.激光技术,1998,22(1):52-53.
[9] K. Kovacevic, M. Zadro. Two-dimensional position sensitive silicon photodiode as a charged particle detector. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, 1999, A 423: 103-107.
[10] 严伯铎.中国工程测量技术的发展与展望.地矿测绘,2005,21(4):39-42.
[11] 巨西民,莫润阳.石油钻杆内壁体积型腐蚀缺陷的超声检测.无损检测,2000,22(4):165-167.
[12] 马玉真,王慧.不规则内孔轨迹的检测.山东建材学院学报,1996,10(2):40-43.
[13] 张贞勇,宫经彪.超声波技术在提升短节检验中的应用.石油钻探技术,2002,30(5):51-52.
[14] 张雨印编.半导体光电子学,上海:上海科学技术出版社,1987.
[15] 赵志刚,毕晓麟.CMOS图像传感器在光电自动跟踪系统中的应用.科学技术与工程,2006,6(3):312-314.
[16] 沈忙作.二维电子动态自准直仪.光学仪器,1998,20(3):14-17.
[17] 黄德修.半导体光电子学,成都:电子科技大学出版社,1994.
[18] 蔡文贵,李永远,许振华编著.CCD技术及应用.北京:电子工业出版社,1992.
[19] 夏含信,秦岚,孙先逵.PSD同步检测多路光位置信号的新方法.仪器仪表学报,2004,25(4)增刊:4-6.
[20] 潘天明编著.半导体光电器件及其应用.北京:冶金工业出版社,1985.
[21] 刘科恩.半导体物理学.北京:国防工业出版社,1994.
[22] 缪家鼎,徐文娟,牟东升编著.光电技术.杭州:浙江大学出版社,1995.
[23] Rodrigo Martins, Elvira Portunato. Simulation of the lateral photo effect in large area I-D A-SI: H P-I-N thin film position sensitive detectors, SPIE 2397: 745-756(1994)
[24] 何希才.传感器及其应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2001.
[25] 张广军.PSD器件及其在精密测量中的应用.北京肮天航空大学学报,1997,20(3):259-262.
[26] 唐九耀等.二维PSD的结构和性能分析.功能材料与器件学报,2000,6(3):301-304.
[27] HAMAMATSU Products Handbook. Position-Sensitive Detectors
[28] 郭福源,黄梅珍,陈钮清.四边形电极结构的特性测试与分析.激光与红外,2002,3(25):342-344.
[29] 郝允祥编著.光度学.北京:北京师范大学出版社,1988.
[30] 张永林,狄红卫编著.光电子技术.北京:高等教育出版社,2005.
[31] 郭培源,梁丽编著.光电子技术基础教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
[32] 罗先和,张广军,骆飞编著.光电检测技术.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1995.
[33] 魏小龙.MSP430系列单片机接口技术及系统设计实例.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002.
[34] 胡大可编著.MSP430系列超低功耗16位单片机原理与应用.北京:北京航空航天大学,2000.
[35] 胡大可编著.MSP430系列单片机C语言程序设计与开发.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.
[36] 秦龙编著.MSP430单片机应用系统开发典型实例.北京:中国电力出版社,2005.
[37] HD61202使用手册
[38] 王晓东,赵杰等.一种新型激光测距传感器的设计与分析.传感器技术,1994,6:20-29.