用于中层大气临边探测的紫外全景成像仪研究
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摘要
地球是人类赖以生存的家园，大气层就是保护地球的一道屏障，空间大气遥感作为人们监测大气层状况的主要手段，成为地球和空间科学界的研究热点。通过空间大气遥感技术对中层大气痕量气体的含量分布进行实时监测，使人类及时掌握全球大气环境，了解痕量气体的扩散及规律，建立针对地球中层大气环境的监测。临边观测模式作为空间大气遥感的新型观测方法，不仅能够满足天底观测模式所具备的高空间覆盖范围特点，还能够实现掩日/月观测模式所达到的高垂直分辨率，引来了空间大气遥感领域研究人员的强烈关注。
根据空间卫星平台上对地球中层大气临边探测的应用指标要求，确定通过紫外滤光片的替换实现紫外波段三个通道（265nm，295nm，360nm）的成像分析，实现紫外波段实时全方位临边成像探测。基于双反射面模型和全景环形镜头模型分别对紫外全景临边成像光学系统进行了设计，各光学表面均采用球面设计，避免了非球面的使用，以降低后期加工及装调难度。两种光学系统设计方案均能实现临边视场140.4°~144.8°、水平视场360°的临边探测，且满足紫外全景临边成像仪对MTF传递函数、点列图、能量集中度以及像面均匀性的要求。最终基于可实现性考虑选择了基于全景环形镜头模型的紫外全景临边成像光学系统方案作为样机系统进行研制。通过分析地球临边大气光谱辐射特性，对成像探测器进行选择。提出了光学元件的加工要求指标，设计加工了样机的机械结构，编制了后期的数据采集和处理软件，并对光学系统、机械系统和探测器系统进行集成化设计，提高了紫外全景临边成像仪样机的集成度。针对紫外全景临边成像仪系统设计搭建了分辨率、光谱定标等性能检测装置，并提出了一种针对大带宽滤光片型成像仪高精度辐亮度定标的方法。由于紫外全景临边成像仪的特殊工作波段及其360°环形大视场范围的原因，更改传统的定标方式，采用视场分割技术独立定标以保证每个子视场的高精度辐射定标，并通过在研紫外临边成像仪验证了视场分割定标方案的可靠性及可行性。最后对紫外全景临边成像仪辐射定标过程中可能存在的不确定度源及大小进行了分析。
用于中层大气临边探测的紫外全景成像仪的研制，突破了以往临边探测遥感仪器的视场局限性，实现了无须转动光学系统即可在360°范围内对中层大气一次凝视成像临边探测，充实了中层大气临边探测数据信息。更为下一步工程样机的研制和最终实现临边成像探测新技术在我国空间大气遥感领域的应用奠定了坚实的技术基础。
The earth is home for human survival, and the atmosphere is a barrier to protectthe earth. Space-based atmospheric remote sensing, which become the focus of theearth and space science, is the principal means of monitoring middle atmosphere.Through space-based atmospheric remote sensing on middle atmosphere to obtain thedistribution of trace gases on real-time, so the global atmospheric environment isgrasped and the environmental monitor of middle atmosphere be established. Limbviewing is a new viewing geometry which allows the vertical resolution similar tooccultation and the coverage similar to nadir viewing. Therefore limb viewingattracted intense attention of atmospheric researchers in the field of space-basedremote sensing.
In this paper, according to the application requirement to monitor earth limbmiddle atmosphere on spatial platform, the three wavelength ultraviolet wavelengths(265nm,295nm,265nm) imaging analysis is realized by replacement of UV filters.So the ultraviolet band Omni-directional limb imaging detection in real time isachieved. Based on double reflective surface model and panoramic annular lensmodel, two types of UV panoramic limb imaging systems are designed. In addition,each optical surface is made of spherical surface, avoiding the use of aspheric surface,to reduce the difficulty of processing and alignment. The two systems realize the limb sounding of140.4°~144.8°vertical view and360°horizontal view. Theapplication results meet the requirements of various performances. Finally, the systemof panoramic annular lens model is chosen to be further developed in consideration ofits realization. Detector is selected by analyzing the earth limb atmosphere spectralradiation characteristics. Optical components requirements on processing areproposed, as well as the measurement method of the surface and curvature. Themechanical structure are designed and fabricated, and the date processing and the datecollecting software are programmed. Then the optical system, mechanical system andthe detector system are integrated to compose the UV panoramic limb imagingprototype. The methods of UV spatial resolution and UV high precision wavelengthcalibration are presented as well as the360°wide-field spectral radiance calibrationmethod. A field segmental spectral radiance calibration method is put forward to takeinto account such as the special waveband,360°annular field of view, and manyother factors. Study of the field segmental spectral radiance calibration method ismade using UV limb imager, the results shows that the method is feasible and reliable.Finally, the influencing factors and the value of spectral radiance calibrationuncertainty are analyzed.
The development of the UV panoramic limb imaging for middle atmospheredetection break through the limitations that the field of previous limb viewing remotesensing instrument. It comes true that imaging the surrounding360°scene for middleatmospheric limb detection at one time without rotating the optical system. It enrichesthe information data of middle atmospheric limb detection and open up a new area forpanoramic imaging application. Besides, the development of the UV panoramic limbimaging provides technical foundations for the further engineering prototypedevelopment and applications of the limb imaging detection technology inspace-based atmosphere remote sensing in our country.
根据空间卫星平台上对地球中层大气临边探测的应用指标要求，确定通过紫外滤光片的替换实现紫外波段三个通道（265nm，295nm，360nm）的成像分析，实现紫外波段实时全方位临边成像探测。基于双反射面模型和全景环形镜头模型分别对紫外全景临边成像光学系统进行了设计，各光学表面均采用球面设计，避免了非球面的使用，以降低后期加工及装调难度。两种光学系统设计方案均能实现临边视场140.4°~144.8°、水平视场360°的临边探测，且满足紫外全景临边成像仪对MTF传递函数、点列图、能量集中度以及像面均匀性的要求。最终基于可实现性考虑选择了基于全景环形镜头模型的紫外全景临边成像光学系统方案作为样机系统进行研制。通过分析地球临边大气光谱辐射特性，对成像探测器进行选择。提出了光学元件的加工要求指标，设计加工了样机的机械结构，编制了后期的数据采集和处理软件，并对光学系统、机械系统和探测器系统进行集成化设计，提高了紫外全景临边成像仪样机的集成度。针对紫外全景临边成像仪系统设计搭建了分辨率、光谱定标等性能检测装置，并提出了一种针对大带宽滤光片型成像仪高精度辐亮度定标的方法。由于紫外全景临边成像仪的特殊工作波段及其360°环形大视场范围的原因，更改传统的定标方式，采用视场分割技术独立定标以保证每个子视场的高精度辐射定标，并通过在研紫外临边成像仪验证了视场分割定标方案的可靠性及可行性。最后对紫外全景临边成像仪辐射定标过程中可能存在的不确定度源及大小进行了分析。
用于中层大气临边探测的紫外全景成像仪的研制，突破了以往临边探测遥感仪器的视场局限性，实现了无须转动光学系统即可在360°范围内对中层大气一次凝视成像临边探测，充实了中层大气临边探测数据信息。更为下一步工程样机的研制和最终实现临边成像探测新技术在我国空间大气遥感领域的应用奠定了坚实的技术基础。
The earth is home for human survival, and the atmosphere is a barrier to protectthe earth. Space-based atmospheric remote sensing, which become the focus of theearth and space science, is the principal means of monitoring middle atmosphere.Through space-based atmospheric remote sensing on middle atmosphere to obtain thedistribution of trace gases on real-time, so the global atmospheric environment isgrasped and the environmental monitor of middle atmosphere be established. Limbviewing is a new viewing geometry which allows the vertical resolution similar tooccultation and the coverage similar to nadir viewing. Therefore limb viewingattracted intense attention of atmospheric researchers in the field of space-basedremote sensing.
In this paper, according to the application requirement to monitor earth limbmiddle atmosphere on spatial platform, the three wavelength ultraviolet wavelengths(265nm,295nm,265nm) imaging analysis is realized by replacement of UV filters.So the ultraviolet band Omni-directional limb imaging detection in real time isachieved. Based on double reflective surface model and panoramic annular lensmodel, two types of UV panoramic limb imaging systems are designed. In addition,each optical surface is made of spherical surface, avoiding the use of aspheric surface,to reduce the difficulty of processing and alignment. The two systems realize the limb sounding of140.4°~144.8°vertical view and360°horizontal view. Theapplication results meet the requirements of various performances. Finally, the systemof panoramic annular lens model is chosen to be further developed in consideration ofits realization. Detector is selected by analyzing the earth limb atmosphere spectralradiation characteristics. Optical components requirements on processing areproposed, as well as the measurement method of the surface and curvature. Themechanical structure are designed and fabricated, and the date processing and the datecollecting software are programmed. Then the optical system, mechanical system andthe detector system are integrated to compose the UV panoramic limb imagingprototype. The methods of UV spatial resolution and UV high precision wavelengthcalibration are presented as well as the360°wide-field spectral radiance calibrationmethod. A field segmental spectral radiance calibration method is put forward to takeinto account such as the special waveband,360°annular field of view, and manyother factors. Study of the field segmental spectral radiance calibration method ismade using UV limb imager, the results shows that the method is feasible and reliable.Finally, the influencing factors and the value of spectral radiance calibrationuncertainty are analyzed.
The development of the UV panoramic limb imaging for middle atmospheredetection break through the limitations that the field of previous limb viewing remotesensing instrument. It comes true that imaging the surrounding360°scene for middleatmospheric limb detection at one time without rotating the optical system. It enrichesthe information data of middle atmospheric limb detection and open up a new area forpanoramic imaging application. Besides, the development of the UV panoramic limbimaging provides technical foundations for the further engineering prototypedevelopment and applications of the limb imaging detection technology inspace-based atmosphere remote sensing in our country.
引文
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