新型光子晶体光纤及面向其应用的关键技术研究
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摘要
光子晶体光纤凭借其优异的光学特性和灵活的设计自由度,自1996年问世至今,一直受到国内外科研人员的广泛关注,在短短十几年间取得了突飞猛进的进展。目前,其相关研究已经深入到光纤通信、光传感、非线性光学、光电子学等众多领域,展现出广阔的应用前景。本论文结合国家自然科学基金项目、国家863计划项目及教育部重大项目,针对新型光子晶体光纤及光子晶体光纤实用化进程中亟待解决的光纤制作、熔接等问题进行了深入的理论和实验研究,获得的主要创新成果如下：
1.基于流体力学的相关理论建立起包含气压控制参数的光子晶体光纤拉制模型。数值分析了气压控制参数与其它工艺参数之间的相互影响,掌握了各参数间的协调控制机制,量化分析了工艺参数配置与最终光纤结构之间的对应关系,并将理论研究成果应用于实际光子晶体光纤拉制实验中,实现由同一预制棒采用不同的参数配置成功拉制出具有不同孔径孔距比的光子晶体光纤。
2.在制作包含非均匀孔径的光子晶体光纤方面,面对缺乏孔间分压控制技术的现状,提出一套以反向计算为核心的等压控制拉丝方案。在此基础上,成功研制出双模光子晶体光纤、共轴双芯色散补偿型光子晶体光纤以及超平坦色散光子晶体光纤等多种结构,光纤横、纵向均匀性均达到当前国际水平。
3.设计和研制出一种双模光子晶体光纤,利用数字图像处理技术对其实物进行结构参数提取,实现了对实际光纤传输特性的准确分析。结果显示,研制的光纤在500-1900nm波段仅支持LP01模和LP11偶模两个模式,双模带宽接近椭圆芯双模光纤的十倍。基于该光纤制作双模光纤干涉仪,获得稳定的干涉谱输出。研究表明该双模光纤干涉仪在干涉型传感、选择性滤波等方面均具有应用潜力。
4.基于谐振耦合理论设计两种新型单偏振单模光子晶体光纤,讨论了设计要点。分析表明,两种结构均可获得1000nm左右的单偏振单模带宽,输出模场呈近高斯型分布,更易于与普通单模光纤实现模场匹配。综合性能较现有的单偏振单模光纤具有更大优势。
5.提出了通用的光子晶体光纤低损耗电弧熔接方案,以实验测量结合理论计算,确定出最佳熔接功率,进而实现了熔接参数的优化配置,解决了以往难以设定合理熔接参数的问题。实现了光子晶体光纤与普通单模光纤之间、不同光子晶体光纤之间的低损耗、高强度熔接。
ABSTRACT:Ever since 1996, photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) have been attracting worldwide interest owing to their unique optical properties and design flexibility. Great progress has been made over the past ten years, and PCFs have been found applicable in a wide range of areas, such as fiber communication, fiber sensor, fiber optics, optoelectronics and so on. Supported by national nature science foundation, national 863 high technology research project and key project of Chinese Ministry of Education, this dissertation is devoted to the theoretical and experimental investigations on novel PCFs and the fabrication and splicing technique of PCFs. The main achievements of this dissertation are listed below:
1. A fluid-mechanics model in which the pressure term is included is built for modeling the fabrication of PCFs. The interplays among all the fabrication parameters are numerically analyzed for the purpose of cooperative control. Relationships between parametric configuration and the final fiber's geometry are quantitatively assessed, and are used as guidelines for practical fabricating. With different sets of parameter configuration, several PCFs with different d/A are drawn from a same preform.
2. Due to the lack of seperate pressure injection system, a solution for simultaneous control with equal pressure is proposed based on an inverse design model to meet the requirement of maintaining different hole-sizes in PCFs with uneven-sized holes. A variety of PCFs are successfully fabricated consequently, including two-mode PCF, dispersion compensating PCFs, and flattened dispersion PCFs.
3. A novel two-mode PCF is designed and fabricated. The holey geometry of the real fiber is extracted using digital image processing method, based on which the properties of the actual PCF can be modeled. The results show that the two-mode PCF supports only the fundamental mode, LP01, and the second-order even mode, LP11 (even), over the wavelength range 500 to 1900nm, which approaches ten times the bandwidth of elliptical-core two-mode fiber. A compact interferometer is constructed based on this two-mode PCF, and stable and sinusoidal transmission spectrum is acquired, exhibiting potentials for fiber sensor and wavelength selective filter applications.
4. Based on resonant coupling effect, two kinds of single-polarization single-mode (SPSM) PCF are proposed. Key design points are discussed in detail. Both SPSM PCFs exhibit the advantages of ultrabroad SPSM bandwidth (1000nm or so), Gaussian-like field distribution, and large mode area matchable with conventional single mode fiber over other SPSM fibers reported.
5. A universal low-loss arc-fusion scheme for PCF splicing is proposed. Combining experimental measurements with theoretical calculations, the optimal fusion power can be deduced for optimizing the configuration of fusion parameters. Low-loss high-strength splice between PCF and conventional single mode fiber, or between two PCFs can be implemented with the proposed scheme.
1.基于流体力学的相关理论建立起包含气压控制参数的光子晶体光纤拉制模型。数值分析了气压控制参数与其它工艺参数之间的相互影响,掌握了各参数间的协调控制机制,量化分析了工艺参数配置与最终光纤结构之间的对应关系,并将理论研究成果应用于实际光子晶体光纤拉制实验中,实现由同一预制棒采用不同的参数配置成功拉制出具有不同孔径孔距比的光子晶体光纤。
2.在制作包含非均匀孔径的光子晶体光纤方面,面对缺乏孔间分压控制技术的现状,提出一套以反向计算为核心的等压控制拉丝方案。在此基础上,成功研制出双模光子晶体光纤、共轴双芯色散补偿型光子晶体光纤以及超平坦色散光子晶体光纤等多种结构,光纤横、纵向均匀性均达到当前国际水平。
3.设计和研制出一种双模光子晶体光纤,利用数字图像处理技术对其实物进行结构参数提取,实现了对实际光纤传输特性的准确分析。结果显示,研制的光纤在500-1900nm波段仅支持LP01模和LP11偶模两个模式,双模带宽接近椭圆芯双模光纤的十倍。基于该光纤制作双模光纤干涉仪,获得稳定的干涉谱输出。研究表明该双模光纤干涉仪在干涉型传感、选择性滤波等方面均具有应用潜力。
4.基于谐振耦合理论设计两种新型单偏振单模光子晶体光纤,讨论了设计要点。分析表明,两种结构均可获得1000nm左右的单偏振单模带宽,输出模场呈近高斯型分布,更易于与普通单模光纤实现模场匹配。综合性能较现有的单偏振单模光纤具有更大优势。
5.提出了通用的光子晶体光纤低损耗电弧熔接方案,以实验测量结合理论计算,确定出最佳熔接功率,进而实现了熔接参数的优化配置,解决了以往难以设定合理熔接参数的问题。实现了光子晶体光纤与普通单模光纤之间、不同光子晶体光纤之间的低损耗、高强度熔接。
ABSTRACT:Ever since 1996, photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) have been attracting worldwide interest owing to their unique optical properties and design flexibility. Great progress has been made over the past ten years, and PCFs have been found applicable in a wide range of areas, such as fiber communication, fiber sensor, fiber optics, optoelectronics and so on. Supported by national nature science foundation, national 863 high technology research project and key project of Chinese Ministry of Education, this dissertation is devoted to the theoretical and experimental investigations on novel PCFs and the fabrication and splicing technique of PCFs. The main achievements of this dissertation are listed below:
1. A fluid-mechanics model in which the pressure term is included is built for modeling the fabrication of PCFs. The interplays among all the fabrication parameters are numerically analyzed for the purpose of cooperative control. Relationships between parametric configuration and the final fiber's geometry are quantitatively assessed, and are used as guidelines for practical fabricating. With different sets of parameter configuration, several PCFs with different d/A are drawn from a same preform.
2. Due to the lack of seperate pressure injection system, a solution for simultaneous control with equal pressure is proposed based on an inverse design model to meet the requirement of maintaining different hole-sizes in PCFs with uneven-sized holes. A variety of PCFs are successfully fabricated consequently, including two-mode PCF, dispersion compensating PCFs, and flattened dispersion PCFs.
3. A novel two-mode PCF is designed and fabricated. The holey geometry of the real fiber is extracted using digital image processing method, based on which the properties of the actual PCF can be modeled. The results show that the two-mode PCF supports only the fundamental mode, LP01, and the second-order even mode, LP11 (even), over the wavelength range 500 to 1900nm, which approaches ten times the bandwidth of elliptical-core two-mode fiber. A compact interferometer is constructed based on this two-mode PCF, and stable and sinusoidal transmission spectrum is acquired, exhibiting potentials for fiber sensor and wavelength selective filter applications.
4. Based on resonant coupling effect, two kinds of single-polarization single-mode (SPSM) PCF are proposed. Key design points are discussed in detail. Both SPSM PCFs exhibit the advantages of ultrabroad SPSM bandwidth (1000nm or so), Gaussian-like field distribution, and large mode area matchable with conventional single mode fiber over other SPSM fibers reported.
5. A universal low-loss arc-fusion scheme for PCF splicing is proposed. Combining experimental measurements with theoretical calculations, the optimal fusion power can be deduced for optimizing the configuration of fusion parameters. Low-loss high-strength splice between PCF and conventional single mode fiber, or between two PCFs can be implemented with the proposed scheme.
引文
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