太阳能光伏电站监控系统的研究与实现
|
摘要
能源是人类赖以生存的基础,目前能源危机不断加重,太阳能作为取之不尽用之不竭的可再生清洁能源越来越受到人们的重视,因此,利用光伏效应把太阳能转化为电能是解决当前危机的重要方法之一。但是,光伏发电站基本都处在偏远、环境恶劣的地方,而且地理位置分散,不易于管理,严重妨碍了光伏发电的应用推广。本文针对光伏电站的现状,应用计算机技术、网络通信技术等相关技术,研究开发了一套以现场总线为骨干的太阳能光伏电站监控系统。该系统能够同时实现本地监控和远程监控功能,具有实时性好、功能全面等特点,具有很强的工程实用价值。
本文首先介绍了光伏发电技术及其监控系统的研究现状,阐述了光伏电站监控系统的组成和功能。根据实际应用的需求,选取了AVR ATmega系列单片机作为该系统的控制器,进行了系统的软硬件的设计,实现了对光伏电站运行状态的实时监控,具有参数显示和设置等功能。
其次,通过比较目前常用的远程通信方式,选用了GPRS无线通信方式来实现监控系统远程通信功能。并结合GPRS无线通信方式的优点,详细阐述了系统是如何利用GPRS无线通信技术构建数据通信链路与实现数据远程传输的。
最后,分别给出了基于MCGS的本地监控和基于WEB的远程监控人机界面设计,并详细给出了单片机与本地上位机的通信协议——Modbus-RTU。本监控系统是通过多重窗体程序来实现人机界面的,通过不同的窗体可以实现电站的运行状态的实时显示和参数设定等功能。
在实验室搭建了系统测试平台,进行了模拟调试,达到了设计的预期效果。此系统已经在实际的工程中得到应用。
Energy is the basis for human survival. Nowadays, energy crisis is increasingly serious. Solar energy, as an inexhaustible supply, is clean and renewable. It has been paid more and more attention. Therefore, using photovoltaic effect to convert solar power to electricity is one of the important methods to solve the current crisis. However, most photovoltaic power plants are in remote, harsh regions, and disperse in different places, and also difficult to monitor. So these factors restrict the promotion of photovoltaic technology seriously. In this thesis, the PV power plant monitoring system is researched and designed based on fieldbus by using computer technology, network communication technology and related technologies. The system is able to achieve local and remote monitoring, and is very practical for its multiple functions and performance of real-time.
Firstly, the research status of photovoltaic technology and its monitoring system was introduced in the thesis, and then the composition and function of the PV power plant monitoring system was described. According to the needs of practical application, AVR ATmega series microcontrollers were selected as the system controller in the thesis. The hardware design and software design for the controller were mainly studied, they could achieve real-time data acquisition, data and state display, parameter setting etc al.
Secondly, by comparing with the current commonly used remote means of communication, GPRS wireless communication was chosen to achieve the remote communication, and how to use GPRS to build a data communication link and achieve remote data transmission was described in detail by combining the advantages of GPRS.
Finally, the thesis gave the human-machine interface design based on MCGS and WEB respectively, and communication principle Modbus-RTU between the single-chip microcomputer and host computer. The human-machine interface was achieved through multiple forms program. The monitoring system achieved real-time displaying and parameter settings and other functions in different forms.
In the laboratory, the hardware test platform was built. And by testing and debugging the system, it achieved the expected effect. In addition, this system has been applied in practical engineering.
本文首先介绍了光伏发电技术及其监控系统的研究现状,阐述了光伏电站监控系统的组成和功能。根据实际应用的需求,选取了AVR ATmega系列单片机作为该系统的控制器,进行了系统的软硬件的设计,实现了对光伏电站运行状态的实时监控,具有参数显示和设置等功能。
其次,通过比较目前常用的远程通信方式,选用了GPRS无线通信方式来实现监控系统远程通信功能。并结合GPRS无线通信方式的优点,详细阐述了系统是如何利用GPRS无线通信技术构建数据通信链路与实现数据远程传输的。
最后,分别给出了基于MCGS的本地监控和基于WEB的远程监控人机界面设计,并详细给出了单片机与本地上位机的通信协议——Modbus-RTU。本监控系统是通过多重窗体程序来实现人机界面的,通过不同的窗体可以实现电站的运行状态的实时显示和参数设定等功能。
在实验室搭建了系统测试平台,进行了模拟调试,达到了设计的预期效果。此系统已经在实际的工程中得到应用。
Energy is the basis for human survival. Nowadays, energy crisis is increasingly serious. Solar energy, as an inexhaustible supply, is clean and renewable. It has been paid more and more attention. Therefore, using photovoltaic effect to convert solar power to electricity is one of the important methods to solve the current crisis. However, most photovoltaic power plants are in remote, harsh regions, and disperse in different places, and also difficult to monitor. So these factors restrict the promotion of photovoltaic technology seriously. In this thesis, the PV power plant monitoring system is researched and designed based on fieldbus by using computer technology, network communication technology and related technologies. The system is able to achieve local and remote monitoring, and is very practical for its multiple functions and performance of real-time.
Firstly, the research status of photovoltaic technology and its monitoring system was introduced in the thesis, and then the composition and function of the PV power plant monitoring system was described. According to the needs of practical application, AVR ATmega series microcontrollers were selected as the system controller in the thesis. The hardware design and software design for the controller were mainly studied, they could achieve real-time data acquisition, data and state display, parameter setting etc al.
Secondly, by comparing with the current commonly used remote means of communication, GPRS wireless communication was chosen to achieve the remote communication, and how to use GPRS to build a data communication link and achieve remote data transmission was described in detail by combining the advantages of GPRS.
Finally, the thesis gave the human-machine interface design based on MCGS and WEB respectively, and communication principle Modbus-RTU between the single-chip microcomputer and host computer. The human-machine interface was achieved through multiple forms program. The monitoring system achieved real-time displaying and parameter settings and other functions in different forms.
In the laboratory, the hardware test platform was built. And by testing and debugging the system, it achieved the expected effect. In addition, this system has been applied in practical engineering.
引文
[1]靳晓明.中国新能源发展报告[M].武汉.华中科技大学出版社.2011.
[2]邝少平.2009年全球光伏产业发展研究报告[R].2009.
[3]J. W. Arnulf, O. Heinz. Wind and Photovoltaic in the European Union[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews.2004.8(2):157-182.
[4]Y.Tsur and A.Zemel, Long-term Perspective on the Development of Solar Energy[J]. Solar Energy.2000.68(5):379-392.
[5]Jean-Baptiste. Lesourd. Solar Photovoltaic Systems:the Economics of a Renewable Energy Resource [J]. Environmental Modeling & Software.2001.16(2):147-156.
[6]国家能源局.国家能源科技“十二五”规划[C].2011.
[7]赵玉文.太阳能光伏产业发展的新思考[J].高科技与产业化.2009.7：19-22.
[8]中电联行业发展规划部.中国新能源发电发展研究报告[R].中国电力企业联合会.技术报告.2012.
[9]王飞.单相光伏并网系统的分析与研究[D].合肥.合肥工业大学.2005.
[10]彭江.光伏并网的原理及其电站监测系统模块设计[D].苏州.苏州大学.2006.
[11]陈超.光伏电站的远程数据通信及网络监控管理[D].合肥.合肥工业大学.2004.
[12]陈光大.计算机监控系统[M].武汉水利电力大学出版社.2000.4.
[13]张海良.光伏电站远程监控系统的设计和研究[D].秦皇岛.燕山大学.2006.
[14]黄海宏,朱晶晶,梁平.通用型光伏电站的监测[J].电气自动化.2010.32(5)：30-33.
[15]高嵩,倪原,张荷芳.一种基于Modem的计算机远程监控系统[J].西安工业学院学报.2005.25(1)：45-47.
[16]李立伟等.光伏电站智能监控系统的研制[J].电源技术.2007.131(1)：76-79.
[17]刘莉敏.并网光伏电站分布式数据采集监测系统的研究[D].北京.中国科学院电工研究所2004.
[18]李方健.基于嵌入式Webserver的光伏逆变器监控平台开发[D].北京.北京交通大学.2011.
[19]郭莉.太阳能光伏发电单元综合监控系统的研究与设计[D].保定.华北电力大学.2009.
[20]Chengmei Lin, Guisheng Jie, Zhenxing Wu. Design of Networked Monitoring System of PV Grid-Connected Power Plant [C].2011 International Conference on Electronic &Mechanical Engineering and Information Technology. Haerbin.2011.
[21]陈闰泰,许馄.检测技术与智能仪表[M].中南工业大学出版社.1997.3.
[22]马潮.AVR单片机嵌入式系统原理与应用实践[M].北京.北京航空航天大学出版社.2007.
[23]赵永礼.基于ATmega128的激光三维加工控制系统[D].合肥.合肥工业大学.2007.
[24]海纳电子资讯LM1117/LM1117I-800mA低压差线性调压器[EB/OL].http://www. fpga-arm.com.2010.3.24.
[25]张桦,傅丰林.基于ARM的嵌入式系统中DS1337实时时钟接口电路及Linux驱动程序设计[J].2006.8(11)：9－15.
[26]管晓春等.基于I2C总线的时钟接口电路以程序设计[C].第二届制造业自动化与信息化 学术会议.银川.2003.
[27]孙世君.基于GM8123的串口扩展硬件解决方案[J].国外电子元器件.2007.6：53-55.
[28]成都国腾微电子.GM81231扩3的通用一部串口扩展芯片[M].成都.2006.6.
[29]李兴兰,张有根.基于RS-485/422网络的远程数据传输系统[M].电子技术.2001.2.
[30]阳宪惠.现场总线技术及其应用[M].清华大学出版社.2000.6.
[31]李成刚.CRH2型动车组国产化制动控制单元BCU通信网关的研究[D].北京.北京交通大学.2010.
[32]侯锦锋.渠道流量计太阳能自供电系统的研发[D].太原.太原理工大学.2010.
[33]刘丽霞.高速铁路防灾气象监测系统设计[J].计算机测量与控制.2010.18(9)：1979－1981.
[34]尚建磊.太阳能——相变蓄热技术在冬季供暖新风系统中的实验研究[D].北京.北京工业大学.2008.
[35]张筱文等.光伏电站监控系统的设计[J].电工电气.2010.9：12-20.
[36]Nur Syahidah Husain, Nor Athirah Zainal, Balbir Singh Mahinder Singh, etc. Integrated PV Based Solar Insolation Measurement and Performance Monitoring System[C]. CHUSER. Penang.2011.
[37]怯肇乾.嵌入式网络通信开发应用[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社.2010.
[38]张杰.远程监控通信方式与xDSL技术的研究[J].微计算机信息.2005.21(9)：59-61.
[39]杜好利等.基于GPRS的分布式数据采集系统[J].河南科技学院学报(自然科学版).2006.34(01)：90-94.
[40]刘裕伟等GPRS技术在供水测控系统中的应用[J].水利技术监督.2010.4：49-56.
[41]袁建伟等.构建GPRS工业监控系统的关键技术研究[J].工业控制计算机.2004：18-20.
[42]Hu Yujie, Zhang Xihuang. Research and application of PV monitoring system based on ZigBee and GPRS[C].10th International Symposium on Distributed Computing and Applications to Business, Engineering and Science. Wuxi.2011.
[43]刘永录等.基于GSM/GPRS的无线数传监视和控制系统[J].铜业工程.2005.4：26-29.
[44]MCGS工控组态软件嵌入版用户手册[Z].北京.北京昆仑通态自动化软件科技有限公司.2011.
[45]吕国华等.基于ARM7微处理器的Modbus通信的实现[J].信息技术与信息化.2010.5：45-47.
[46]孔明,艾树峰,杜辉.基于TCP/IP的嵌入式Webserver网络测控系统设计[J].电讯技术.2005.5：167－171.
[47]杜闯.PHP在动态网站开发中的优势[J].电脑知识与技术.2010.6(13)：3342－3344.
[2]邝少平.2009年全球光伏产业发展研究报告[R].2009.
[3]J. W. Arnulf, O. Heinz. Wind and Photovoltaic in the European Union[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews.2004.8(2):157-182.
[4]Y.Tsur and A.Zemel, Long-term Perspective on the Development of Solar Energy[J]. Solar Energy.2000.68(5):379-392.
[5]Jean-Baptiste. Lesourd. Solar Photovoltaic Systems:the Economics of a Renewable Energy Resource [J]. Environmental Modeling & Software.2001.16(2):147-156.
[6]国家能源局.国家能源科技“十二五”规划[C].2011.
[7]赵玉文.太阳能光伏产业发展的新思考[J].高科技与产业化.2009.7：19-22.
[8]中电联行业发展规划部.中国新能源发电发展研究报告[R].中国电力企业联合会.技术报告.2012.
[9]王飞.单相光伏并网系统的分析与研究[D].合肥.合肥工业大学.2005.
[10]彭江.光伏并网的原理及其电站监测系统模块设计[D].苏州.苏州大学.2006.
[11]陈超.光伏电站的远程数据通信及网络监控管理[D].合肥.合肥工业大学.2004.
[12]陈光大.计算机监控系统[M].武汉水利电力大学出版社.2000.4.
[13]张海良.光伏电站远程监控系统的设计和研究[D].秦皇岛.燕山大学.2006.
[14]黄海宏,朱晶晶,梁平.通用型光伏电站的监测[J].电气自动化.2010.32(5)：30-33.
[15]高嵩,倪原,张荷芳.一种基于Modem的计算机远程监控系统[J].西安工业学院学报.2005.25(1)：45-47.
[16]李立伟等.光伏电站智能监控系统的研制[J].电源技术.2007.131(1)：76-79.
[17]刘莉敏.并网光伏电站分布式数据采集监测系统的研究[D].北京.中国科学院电工研究所2004.
[18]李方健.基于嵌入式Webserver的光伏逆变器监控平台开发[D].北京.北京交通大学.2011.
[19]郭莉.太阳能光伏发电单元综合监控系统的研究与设计[D].保定.华北电力大学.2009.
[20]Chengmei Lin, Guisheng Jie, Zhenxing Wu. Design of Networked Monitoring System of PV Grid-Connected Power Plant [C].2011 International Conference on Electronic &Mechanical Engineering and Information Technology. Haerbin.2011.
[21]陈闰泰,许馄.检测技术与智能仪表[M].中南工业大学出版社.1997.3.
[22]马潮.AVR单片机嵌入式系统原理与应用实践[M].北京.北京航空航天大学出版社.2007.
[23]赵永礼.基于ATmega128的激光三维加工控制系统[D].合肥.合肥工业大学.2007.
[24]海纳电子资讯LM1117/LM1117I-800mA低压差线性调压器[EB/OL].http://www. fpga-arm.com.2010.3.24.
[25]张桦,傅丰林.基于ARM的嵌入式系统中DS1337实时时钟接口电路及Linux驱动程序设计[J].2006.8(11)：9－15.
[26]管晓春等.基于I2C总线的时钟接口电路以程序设计[C].第二届制造业自动化与信息化 学术会议.银川.2003.
[27]孙世君.基于GM8123的串口扩展硬件解决方案[J].国外电子元器件.2007.6：53-55.
[28]成都国腾微电子.GM81231扩3的通用一部串口扩展芯片[M].成都.2006.6.
[29]李兴兰,张有根.基于RS-485/422网络的远程数据传输系统[M].电子技术.2001.2.
[30]阳宪惠.现场总线技术及其应用[M].清华大学出版社.2000.6.
[31]李成刚.CRH2型动车组国产化制动控制单元BCU通信网关的研究[D].北京.北京交通大学.2010.
[32]侯锦锋.渠道流量计太阳能自供电系统的研发[D].太原.太原理工大学.2010.
[33]刘丽霞.高速铁路防灾气象监测系统设计[J].计算机测量与控制.2010.18(9)：1979－1981.
[34]尚建磊.太阳能——相变蓄热技术在冬季供暖新风系统中的实验研究[D].北京.北京工业大学.2008.
[35]张筱文等.光伏电站监控系统的设计[J].电工电气.2010.9：12-20.
[36]Nur Syahidah Husain, Nor Athirah Zainal, Balbir Singh Mahinder Singh, etc. Integrated PV Based Solar Insolation Measurement and Performance Monitoring System[C]. CHUSER. Penang.2011.
[37]怯肇乾.嵌入式网络通信开发应用[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社.2010.
[38]张杰.远程监控通信方式与xDSL技术的研究[J].微计算机信息.2005.21(9)：59-61.
[39]杜好利等.基于GPRS的分布式数据采集系统[J].河南科技学院学报(自然科学版).2006.34(01)：90-94.
[40]刘裕伟等GPRS技术在供水测控系统中的应用[J].水利技术监督.2010.4：49-56.
[41]袁建伟等.构建GPRS工业监控系统的关键技术研究[J].工业控制计算机.2004：18-20.
[42]Hu Yujie, Zhang Xihuang. Research and application of PV monitoring system based on ZigBee and GPRS[C].10th International Symposium on Distributed Computing and Applications to Business, Engineering and Science. Wuxi.2011.
[43]刘永录等.基于GSM/GPRS的无线数传监视和控制系统[J].铜业工程.2005.4：26-29.
[44]MCGS工控组态软件嵌入版用户手册[Z].北京.北京昆仑通态自动化软件科技有限公司.2011.
[45]吕国华等.基于ARM7微处理器的Modbus通信的实现[J].信息技术与信息化.2010.5：45-47.
[46]孔明,艾树峰,杜辉.基于TCP/IP的嵌入式Webserver网络测控系统设计[J].电讯技术.2005.5：167－171.
[47]杜闯.PHP在动态网站开发中的优势[J].电脑知识与技术.2010.6(13)：3342－3344.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |