面向业务领域的模型驱动架构扩展及应用
|
摘要
模型驱动架构(MDA)是由国际标准化组织OMG于2001年7月提出的一种新型软件开发框架。其核心思想是将业务分析和具体实现相分离,使开发人员的关注点转移到系统分析与建模。MDA的技术基础是OMG的一系列技术规范,它以模型为中心,支持模型的可视化、存储、交换和映射等;和传统开发方法相比,MDA不仅要求以模型驱动整个软件开发过程,更重要的是由映射器自动对模型进行映射,从而直接生成可运行代码甚至完整的系统。目前MDA还处于发展阶段,各种标准和研究还不完备,对MDA大规模的企业级应用还不够成熟。特别是在应对一些业务领域的特殊逻辑时,还没有一套行之有效的流程和标准。
本文在总结MDA已有研究成果的基础上,通过对MDA基本原理和开发过程的分析,尝试面向业务领域对MDA进行扩展。在这一扩展中,首先对元模型进行扩展,针对特定领域设计了领域相关元模型;然后扩展了MDA的模型框架,将平台无关模型细分为领域相关和领域无关两种模型;接着,详细论述了如何扩展模型映射方法来解决领域相关模型向领域无关模型映射时产生的领域失配问题,以便将领域业务逻辑泛化到平台无关模型中。同时,针对这一扩展的模型驱动架构,本文总结出一套面向业务领域的MDA扩展开发模式。最后,以数字化教学领域为背景,采用上述开发模式进行了实例的开发试验。
开发实践初步表明,MDA面向业务领域的扩展是可行并且有效的,能够更方便地开发出符合领域业务逻辑的系统,大幅度提高软件开发的复用层次,缩短软件开发时间并提高软件质量。
Model Driven Architecture (MDA) is a new software development framework promoted by OMG on July 2001. Its core idea is to achieve the separation of business analysis from its realization so that the attention of developers can be transferred to system analysis and modeling. The technical basis of MDA is a series of technical specifications from OMG. Being model-centric, MDA supports visualization, storage, exchange, transformation of model and so on. Compared with the traditional development methods, MDA requires a model-driven software development process. More significantly, executable codes and even complete systems can be directly generated by the automatic transformation and mapping of the models. MDA is still in its infancy currently with incomplete standards and researches, so the MDA large-scale Enterprise Application Development is not mature. Particularly in the domains of dealing with some of the special business logic, there is not a set of effective procedures and standards.
With a summary of the research achievements of MDA so far, this paper aims to carry out expansion of MDA business domain-oriented by analysing MDA basic principles and the development process. First, it expands the meta-model and designs the necessary Domain Specific Meta-Model. Second, it expands the framework of the models in MDA, dividing the Platform Independent Model into Domain Specific Platform Independent Model and Domain Independent Platform Independent Model. Third, it discusses in detail how to extend model transformation method to solve the domain mismatch problems in model transformation, and then tries to make the business logic generalize to PIM. Meanwhile, based on these explansions, the paper proposes a Business Domain-Oriented Extended Development Mode. Finally, in the background of digital teaching, this paper carries out a development case by applying the above extended development mode.
Development practice shows that business domain-oriented expansion in MDA is feasible and effective. It makes the development more easily in the complex business system. The expansion in MDA upgrades the reuse level of software development, reduces the software development time substantially and enhances the quality of software as well.
本文在总结MDA已有研究成果的基础上,通过对MDA基本原理和开发过程的分析,尝试面向业务领域对MDA进行扩展。在这一扩展中,首先对元模型进行扩展,针对特定领域设计了领域相关元模型;然后扩展了MDA的模型框架,将平台无关模型细分为领域相关和领域无关两种模型;接着,详细论述了如何扩展模型映射方法来解决领域相关模型向领域无关模型映射时产生的领域失配问题,以便将领域业务逻辑泛化到平台无关模型中。同时,针对这一扩展的模型驱动架构,本文总结出一套面向业务领域的MDA扩展开发模式。最后,以数字化教学领域为背景,采用上述开发模式进行了实例的开发试验。
开发实践初步表明,MDA面向业务领域的扩展是可行并且有效的,能够更方便地开发出符合领域业务逻辑的系统,大幅度提高软件开发的复用层次,缩短软件开发时间并提高软件质量。
Model Driven Architecture (MDA) is a new software development framework promoted by OMG on July 2001. Its core idea is to achieve the separation of business analysis from its realization so that the attention of developers can be transferred to system analysis and modeling. The technical basis of MDA is a series of technical specifications from OMG. Being model-centric, MDA supports visualization, storage, exchange, transformation of model and so on. Compared with the traditional development methods, MDA requires a model-driven software development process. More significantly, executable codes and even complete systems can be directly generated by the automatic transformation and mapping of the models. MDA is still in its infancy currently with incomplete standards and researches, so the MDA large-scale Enterprise Application Development is not mature. Particularly in the domains of dealing with some of the special business logic, there is not a set of effective procedures and standards.
With a summary of the research achievements of MDA so far, this paper aims to carry out expansion of MDA business domain-oriented by analysing MDA basic principles and the development process. First, it expands the meta-model and designs the necessary Domain Specific Meta-Model. Second, it expands the framework of the models in MDA, dividing the Platform Independent Model into Domain Specific Platform Independent Model and Domain Independent Platform Independent Model. Third, it discusses in detail how to extend model transformation method to solve the domain mismatch problems in model transformation, and then tries to make the business logic generalize to PIM. Meanwhile, based on these explansions, the paper proposes a Business Domain-Oriented Extended Development Mode. Finally, in the background of digital teaching, this paper carries out a development case by applying the above extended development mode.
Development practice shows that business domain-oriented expansion in MDA is feasible and effective. It makes the development more easily in the complex business system. The expansion in MDA upgrades the reuse level of software development, reduces the software development time substantially and enhances the quality of software as well.
引文
1. MDA Guide Version 1.0.1, Document Number: omg/2003-06-01 ,http://www.omg.org/mda,2003.06
2. Anneke Kleppe,Jos Warmer,Wim Bast,MDA Explained : The Model Driven Architeeture - Practiceand Promise,Addison Wesley,2003
3. 杨芙清,梅宏,吕建,金芝,浅谈软件技术发展,电子学报,2006.30(12A):1901-1906
4. 张小华,韩永生,余军合,模型驱动体系综述,计算机工程,2004.30(2):111-112
5. Ying Shi ,Yuan Sheng qiong,Xu Gang,CodeComponent Composition Reuse Is a New Programming Paradigm,Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences,2001.6(1) :292-297
6. OMG:Model Driven Architechture(MDA),Draft,2001.6, http://www.omg.org/mda
7. David S.Frankel 著,鲍志云译,应用 MDA,人民邮电出版社,2003
8. 叶发忠,何希琼,钟勇,模型驱动架构的研究,计算机应用,2006.26(6):248-249
9. Hubert,Richard,Convergent Archutecture Building Model-Driven J2EE System with UML,John Wiley & Sons,2002
10. OMG Meta Object Facility(MOF) Specification , version 1.4 , 2000.04 , http://www.omg.org
11. OMG Unified Modeling Language(UML) Specification,version 2.0,2005.06, http://www.omg.org
12. OMG XML Metadata Interchange(XMI) Specification,version 2.0,2003.07,http://www.omg.org
13. OMG Common Warehouse Metamodel(CWM ) Specification,version 1.0,2001.02,http://www.omg.org
14. Robert A.Maksimchuk , Eric J.Naiburg , UML for Mere Mortals , Addison Wesley/Pearson,2004.10
15. Petri Selonen,Metamodeling and Meta-Object Facility(MOF),Software Engineering Theory,2004.01
16. Martin Soukup , Model Driven Architecture:Feasibility or Fallacy ,http://www.idealliance.org/proceedings/xml04/papers/200/MDA_Feasibility.html
17. 陈勇,李静燕,王志坚,模型驱动体系结构浅析,计算机应用研究,2004.22(12):19-22
18. P.Harman,MDA: An Idea Whose Time Has Come,Cutter Consortium,2003
19. 段玉聪,顾毓清,多维关注分离的模型驱动过程框架设计方法,软件学报,2006.17(8),1707-1716
20. Peter Frohlich,Nicola Henze,Wolfgang Nejdl,Meta-Modeling for Hypermedia Design,In Proc. of Second IEEE Metadata Conference,1997(9):16-17
21. 董建武,MDA:新一代软件互操作体系结构,计算机工程,2003.29(2):3-5
22. David Carlson 著,周靖等译,XML 应用的 UML 建模技术,清华大学出版社,2003
23. 李海峰,金昊,吴介一,采用 XMI 标准实现 UML 模型到 XML 的转换,制造业自动化,2003.25(4):12-16
24. 刘静,何积丰,缪淮扣,模型驱动架构中模型构造与集成策略,软件学报,2006.17(6):1411-1422
25. 刘辉,麻志毅,邵维忠,模型转换中的特性保持的描述与验证,软件学报,2007.18(10):2369-2379
26. Mens T. A survey of software refactoring,IEEE Trans. on Software Engineering,2004.30(2):126-139
27. John Anil Saldhana, Sol M. Shatz. UML Diagrams to Object Petri Net Models: An Approach for Modeling and Analysis. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Illinois at Chicago
28. 柯和平,高校数字化教学资源系统的建设与管理,远程教育,2006(04):39-42
29. 兰庆国,刘淑芬,张欣佳,可复用 MOF 元建模框架的研究,计算机应用研究,2007.24(1):94-96
30. 张广泉,陈琳琳,UML 与软件体系结构描述语言之间的转换机制研究,计算机科学,2007.34(6):262-264
31. 杨鹤标,宫龙慧,张震波,基于 MOF 的模型协同工作研究,计算机工程与应用,2006.42(24):71-74
32. 陈翔,王学斌,吴泉源,代码生成技术在 MDA 中的实现,计算机应用研究, 2006.24(1):147-150
33. 李明树等,软件成本估算方法及应用,软件学报,2007.18(4):775-795
2. Anneke Kleppe,Jos Warmer,Wim Bast,MDA Explained : The Model Driven Architeeture - Practiceand Promise,Addison Wesley,2003
3. 杨芙清,梅宏,吕建,金芝,浅谈软件技术发展,电子学报,2006.30(12A):1901-1906
4. 张小华,韩永生,余军合,模型驱动体系综述,计算机工程,2004.30(2):111-112
5. Ying Shi ,Yuan Sheng qiong,Xu Gang,CodeComponent Composition Reuse Is a New Programming Paradigm,Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences,2001.6(1) :292-297
6. OMG:Model Driven Architechture(MDA),Draft,2001.6, http://www.omg.org/mda
7. David S.Frankel 著,鲍志云译,应用 MDA,人民邮电出版社,2003
8. 叶发忠,何希琼,钟勇,模型驱动架构的研究,计算机应用,2006.26(6):248-249
9. Hubert,Richard,Convergent Archutecture Building Model-Driven J2EE System with UML,John Wiley & Sons,2002
10. OMG Meta Object Facility(MOF) Specification , version 1.4 , 2000.04 , http://www.omg.org
11. OMG Unified Modeling Language(UML) Specification,version 2.0,2005.06, http://www.omg.org
12. OMG XML Metadata Interchange(XMI) Specification,version 2.0,2003.07,http://www.omg.org
13. OMG Common Warehouse Metamodel(CWM ) Specification,version 1.0,2001.02,http://www.omg.org
14. Robert A.Maksimchuk , Eric J.Naiburg , UML for Mere Mortals , Addison Wesley/Pearson,2004.10
15. Petri Selonen,Metamodeling and Meta-Object Facility(MOF),Software Engineering Theory,2004.01
16. Martin Soukup , Model Driven Architecture:Feasibility or Fallacy ,http://www.idealliance.org/proceedings/xml04/papers/200/MDA_Feasibility.html
17. 陈勇,李静燕,王志坚,模型驱动体系结构浅析,计算机应用研究,2004.22(12):19-22
18. P.Harman,MDA: An Idea Whose Time Has Come,Cutter Consortium,2003
19. 段玉聪,顾毓清,多维关注分离的模型驱动过程框架设计方法,软件学报,2006.17(8),1707-1716
20. Peter Frohlich,Nicola Henze,Wolfgang Nejdl,Meta-Modeling for Hypermedia Design,In Proc. of Second IEEE Metadata Conference,1997(9):16-17
21. 董建武,MDA:新一代软件互操作体系结构,计算机工程,2003.29(2):3-5
22. David Carlson 著,周靖等译,XML 应用的 UML 建模技术,清华大学出版社,2003
23. 李海峰,金昊,吴介一,采用 XMI 标准实现 UML 模型到 XML 的转换,制造业自动化,2003.25(4):12-16
24. 刘静,何积丰,缪淮扣,模型驱动架构中模型构造与集成策略,软件学报,2006.17(6):1411-1422
25. 刘辉,麻志毅,邵维忠,模型转换中的特性保持的描述与验证,软件学报,2007.18(10):2369-2379
26. Mens T. A survey of software refactoring,IEEE Trans. on Software Engineering,2004.30(2):126-139
27. John Anil Saldhana, Sol M. Shatz. UML Diagrams to Object Petri Net Models: An Approach for Modeling and Analysis. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Illinois at Chicago
28. 柯和平,高校数字化教学资源系统的建设与管理,远程教育,2006(04):39-42
29. 兰庆国,刘淑芬,张欣佳,可复用 MOF 元建模框架的研究,计算机应用研究,2007.24(1):94-96
30. 张广泉,陈琳琳,UML 与软件体系结构描述语言之间的转换机制研究,计算机科学,2007.34(6):262-264
31. 杨鹤标,宫龙慧,张震波,基于 MOF 的模型协同工作研究,计算机工程与应用,2006.42(24):71-74
32. 陈翔,王学斌,吴泉源,代码生成技术在 MDA 中的实现,计算机应用研究, 2006.24(1):147-150
33. 李明树等,软件成本估算方法及应用,软件学报,2007.18(4):775-795
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |