基于MDA的网络收费系统的开发
摘要
网络收费系统项目由财务管理部门提出，目标是实现学生收费的网络化管理。本文以此开发为基础，研究和应用MDA模型驱动架构相关技术，作为系统设计开发的指导思想来实践。MDA是OMG提出的一种新的软件方法学，它强调整个系统开发过程是由对软件系统的建模行为驱动的。其主要思想是：将高抽象层次模型逐步转换成低抽象层次模型，将系统功能规约与特定技术平台的功能实现规约相分离，达到了一次设计，多平台实现的目的。由于模型在软件开发过程中扮演了非常重要的角色，因此预示着系统建模将取代程序编码而成为软件开发过程中的主要工作。在企业信息技术和Web新技术飞速发展的今天，工业标准和技术平台层出不穷，传统Web应用系统的软件开发面临着巨大的挑战，需要面对的问题是一方面是如何让Web应用系统能够在业务持续完善的过程中尽量降低业务需求变化带来的开发成本；另一方面是需要建立一个较长远的Web应用系统的架构来不断的适应新的硬件和软件平台标准。而MDA正是解决上述问题的一种新的软件开发方法。
本文旨在将Web开发和MDA相结合，在MDA的框架下分析和研究Web实现方式。主要工作有：(1)介绍MDA的应用和相应的技术标准，着重介绍与UML的关系和与开发过程RUP的结合(2)在MDA下进行基于Web建模和相应转换技术的分析(3)通过对开发实例网络收费系统项目的流程需求分析，建立系统用例图并得到平台独立模型PIM(4)分析MDA的模型的标识和映射机制，并利用自动工具转换生成J2EE平台的PSM模型和代码。
The network charges the system item be managed by finance the section putsforward, the target is a network to realizes student charges to turn themanagement.This text with this develop for foundation, research with apply themodel of MDA drive the related technique in structure, being used as the leading thatsystem design development the thought to practice.The MDA is a kind of newsoftware method that OMG put forward to learn, it emphasizes that whole systemdevelopment process is from set up to the software system what mold behaviordrive.Its main thought is:Convert gradually the high and abstract level of structuremodel low and abstract level of structure model, is roughly the system function rulesto realizes with the function of the particular technique terrace the rules is roughly toseparate mutually, coming to a to design once, many purpose that terracerealizes.Because the model played the count for much role in software developprocess, therefore prepare to show, the system sets up the mold will replace theprocedure codes but become the software development process the inside mainwork.Fly with the new technique in Web at the business enterprise informationtechnique soon today that develop, the industry standard piles up one after anotherwith the technique terrace, the traditional Web applies the software development ofthe system faces the enormous challenge, the problem that demand face is on theother hand is how the cost of development that can let the applied system in Weblower to the best in business kept on perfect process the business need to change tobring;On the other hand is a structure that demand establish a farsighted Web applythe system to new hardware in right alone orientation with software terracestandard.But the MDA resolves a kind of new software development method of theabove problem exactly.
This text aim is developing the Web to combine together with the MDA; framein MDA next analysis with study the Web realizes way. The main work has:(1)introduce the MDA application with the homologous technique standard, emphasizedto introduce with the UML relation with under the MDA proceed with combination (2) that develop the process RUP according to the Web sets up the mold to convert withthe cowgirl the technical analysis (3) passes the solid a process for charging systemitem need in folio hair analyzes, establishing the system use a diagram and get theindependent model in terrace PIM. (4) Analyze the MDA model of Markings andMapping, combine the model of PSM of the bom the terrace of J2EE in conversion inautomatic tool in exploitation with code.
本文旨在将Web开发和MDA相结合，在MDA的框架下分析和研究Web实现方式。主要工作有：(1)介绍MDA的应用和相应的技术标准，着重介绍与UML的关系和与开发过程RUP的结合(2)在MDA下进行基于Web建模和相应转换技术的分析(3)通过对开发实例网络收费系统项目的流程需求分析，建立系统用例图并得到平台独立模型PIM(4)分析MDA的模型的标识和映射机制，并利用自动工具转换生成J2EE平台的PSM模型和代码。
The network charges the system item be managed by finance the section putsforward, the target is a network to realizes student charges to turn themanagement.This text with this develop for foundation, research with apply themodel of MDA drive the related technique in structure, being used as the leading thatsystem design development the thought to practice.The MDA is a kind of newsoftware method that OMG put forward to learn, it emphasizes that whole systemdevelopment process is from set up to the software system what mold behaviordrive.Its main thought is:Convert gradually the high and abstract level of structuremodel low and abstract level of structure model, is roughly the system function rulesto realizes with the function of the particular technique terrace the rules is roughly toseparate mutually, coming to a to design once, many purpose that terracerealizes.Because the model played the count for much role in software developprocess, therefore prepare to show, the system sets up the mold will replace theprocedure codes but become the software development process the inside mainwork.Fly with the new technique in Web at the business enterprise informationtechnique soon today that develop, the industry standard piles up one after anotherwith the technique terrace, the traditional Web applies the software development ofthe system faces the enormous challenge, the problem that demand face is on theother hand is how the cost of development that can let the applied system in Weblower to the best in business kept on perfect process the business need to change tobring;On the other hand is a structure that demand establish a farsighted Web applythe system to new hardware in right alone orientation with software terracestandard.But the MDA resolves a kind of new software development method of theabove problem exactly.
This text aim is developing the Web to combine together with the MDA; framein MDA next analysis with study the Web realizes way. The main work has:(1)introduce the MDA application with the homologous technique standard, emphasizedto introduce with the UML relation with under the MDA proceed with combination (2) that develop the process RUP according to the Web sets up the mold to convert withthe cowgirl the technical analysis (3) passes the solid a process for charging systemitem need in folio hair analyzes, establishing the system use a diagram and get theindependent model in terrace PIM. (4) Analyze the MDA model of Markings andMapping, combine the model of PSM of the bom the terrace of J2EE in conversion inautomatic tool in exploitation with code.
引文
[1] David S. Frankel. Model Driven Architecture: Applying MDA to Enterprise Computing.鲍志云译．北京：人民邮电出版社，2003
[2] Anneke Kleppe.,Jos Warmer,Wim Bast.MDA Explained.鲍志云译．北京：人民邮电出版社，2004
[3] OMG Model Driven Architecture. http://www.omg.org/mda/
[4] Milena Litoiu. Use the IBM Software Development Platform to develop end-to-end solutions,http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/library/i-modevl/
[5] mdaSky．PIM→PSM模型转换的途径．UML软件工程组织
[6] Chris Raistrick, Paul Francis, John Wright等. Model Driven Architecture with Executable UML．赵建华等译．北京：机械工业出版社，2006
[7] Wang XB, Wang HM, Wu QY, Shi DX. A weaving framework for model transformation. Journal of Software, 2006,17(6): 1423～1435. http://www.jos.org.cn/1000-9825/17/1423.htm
[8] Gary Pollice, Liz Augustine, Chris Lowe, Jas Madhur. Software Development for Small Teams: A RVP-Centric Approach.宋锐等译．北京：中国电力出版社， 2004： 31～43
[9] S．Mellor et al., MDA Uistilled. Forthcoming from Addison Wesley，2004．
[10] Soumen Chatterjee. MDA工具分类方法：一个评价模版．JAX．2006
[11] Jim Conallen. Building Web Applications with UML second Edition．陈起，英宇译．北京：中国电力出版社，2003
[12] 杨磊，陈凌云．精通Eclipse Web开发-Java体系结构、工具、框架及整合应用．北京：人民邮电出版社，2006
[13] Alan Brown, Jim Conallen. An introduction to Model-Driven Architecture (MDA). http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/rational/library/apr05/brown/index.html.2005
[14] OMG. Revised submission for MOF 2.0 query/view/transformations RFP (ad/2002-04-10).OMG Document ad/2005-07-01, 2005. http://www.omg.org/docs/ad/05-07-01.pdf
[15] C.T.Arrington,SyedH.Rayhan.Enterprise Java with UML.马波译．北京：机械工业出版社，2005
[16] Kendall Scott.The Unified Process Explained.付宇光等译．北京：清华大学出版社，2005
[17] Martin L. Shoemaker.UML Applied A.NET Perspective.高猛等译．北京：清华大学出版社，2006
[18] 郭宁．UML及建模．北京：清华大学，北京交通大学出版社，2007：223～247
[19] 尚蕾．基于MDA的Web应用模型到J2EE相关模型的转换．计算机工程与设计．Vol．28 No．1，Jan．2007：19～21
[20] 卢琳生．系统构架设计应考虑的因素．http://www.51CMM.COM, 2003
[21] 刘晓华等．J2EE企业级应用开发．北京：电子工业出版社，2003
[22] 计磊，李里，周伟．精通J2EE-Eclipse、Struts、Hibernate、Spring整合应用案例．北京：人民邮电出版社，2006
[23] 孙瑛霖，何蕾．基于RSA模型转换框架的开发．http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/rational/r-rsa-transformation/,2005
[24] 宁德军，刘昀．如何使用IBM Rational Software Architect实现模型驱动的软件开发.http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/rational/r-rsa-mdd, 2005
[25] 顾峥峰，蔡勇．基于MDA构建EJB组件．江南大学学报(自然科学版)．Vol．2 No．1．Mar．2003：24～27
[26] 林炜，夏宽理．基于MDA的模型转换方法研究．计算机工程与应用．2005．2：80～83
[27] 梁爱虎．基于服务总线的Struts+EJB+Web Service整合应用开发．北京：电子工业出版社，2007：249～315
[2] Anneke Kleppe.,Jos Warmer,Wim Bast.MDA Explained.鲍志云译．北京：人民邮电出版社，2004
[3] OMG Model Driven Architecture. http://www.omg.org/mda/
[4] Milena Litoiu. Use the IBM Software Development Platform to develop end-to-end solutions,http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/library/i-modevl/
[5] mdaSky．PIM→PSM模型转换的途径．UML软件工程组织
[6] Chris Raistrick, Paul Francis, John Wright等. Model Driven Architecture with Executable UML．赵建华等译．北京：机械工业出版社，2006
[7] Wang XB, Wang HM, Wu QY, Shi DX. A weaving framework for model transformation. Journal of Software, 2006,17(6): 1423～1435. http://www.jos.org.cn/1000-9825/17/1423.htm
[8] Gary Pollice, Liz Augustine, Chris Lowe, Jas Madhur. Software Development for Small Teams: A RVP-Centric Approach.宋锐等译．北京：中国电力出版社， 2004： 31～43
[9] S．Mellor et al., MDA Uistilled. Forthcoming from Addison Wesley，2004．
[10] Soumen Chatterjee. MDA工具分类方法：一个评价模版．JAX．2006
[11] Jim Conallen. Building Web Applications with UML second Edition．陈起，英宇译．北京：中国电力出版社，2003
[12] 杨磊，陈凌云．精通Eclipse Web开发-Java体系结构、工具、框架及整合应用．北京：人民邮电出版社，2006
[13] Alan Brown, Jim Conallen. An introduction to Model-Driven Architecture (MDA). http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/rational/library/apr05/brown/index.html.2005
[14] OMG. Revised submission for MOF 2.0 query/view/transformations RFP (ad/2002-04-10).OMG Document ad/2005-07-01, 2005. http://www.omg.org/docs/ad/05-07-01.pdf
[15] C.T.Arrington,SyedH.Rayhan.Enterprise Java with UML.马波译．北京：机械工业出版社，2005
[16] Kendall Scott.The Unified Process Explained.付宇光等译．北京：清华大学出版社，2005
[17] Martin L. Shoemaker.UML Applied A.NET Perspective.高猛等译．北京：清华大学出版社，2006
[18] 郭宁．UML及建模．北京：清华大学，北京交通大学出版社，2007：223～247
[19] 尚蕾．基于MDA的Web应用模型到J2EE相关模型的转换．计算机工程与设计．Vol．28 No．1，Jan．2007：19～21
[20] 卢琳生．系统构架设计应考虑的因素．http://www.51CMM.COM, 2003
[21] 刘晓华等．J2EE企业级应用开发．北京：电子工业出版社，2003
[22] 计磊，李里，周伟．精通J2EE-Eclipse、Struts、Hibernate、Spring整合应用案例．北京：人民邮电出版社，2006
[23] 孙瑛霖，何蕾．基于RSA模型转换框架的开发．http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/rational/r-rsa-transformation/,2005
[24] 宁德军，刘昀．如何使用IBM Rational Software Architect实现模型驱动的软件开发.http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/rational/r-rsa-mdd, 2005
[25] 顾峥峰，蔡勇．基于MDA构建EJB组件．江南大学学报(自然科学版)．Vol．2 No．1．Mar．2003：24～27
[26] 林炜，夏宽理．基于MDA的模型转换方法研究．计算机工程与应用．2005．2：80～83
[27] 梁爱虎．基于服务总线的Struts+EJB+Web Service整合应用开发．北京：电子工业出版社，2007：249～315
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