摘要
时间调制傅氏变换成像光谱技术可以获得极高的光谱分辨率,这是现有其他类型光谱技术所不能达到的,加之高精确度等优点,它在科学研究及工业生产领域发挥着越来越重要的作用,它在大气遥感、超精细光谱测量上的应用已成为一种必然的趋势,并成为近年来人们研究的热点之一。
本文深入系统地研究了时间调制傅氏变换成像光谱技术,针对干涉仪动镜的倾斜及横移、匀速性误差、探测器非线性响应导致干涉强度畸变等关键理论与技术问题,取得了创新性成果。
对干涉仪动镜的倾斜及横移进行了深入的理论研究,从调制度和相位误差角度建立了平面动镜倾斜误差容限公式,给出了猫眼动镜横移及次镜倾斜误差容限的相关公式,分析了角锥体的倾斜补偿能力,归纳总结了国内外现有的解决方案及其优缺点。
首次提出了双平面动镜、双面反射动镜、新型双猫眼动镜和新型双角锥体动镜等四种新型干涉仪结构,理论分析表明,上述方案不仅可减小或消除动镜倾斜及横移对干涉图的影响,而且可增大光程差,提高光谱分辨率。其中,新型双猫眼动镜和新型双角锥体动镜干涉仪结构,光程差均为动镜位移的8倍,可获得极大的最大光程差,从而获得极高的光谱分辨率。
提出了一种改进的移动光楔干涉仪结构,通过选择光楔材料的折射率和楔角,可使光程差与移动光楔位移的比值很小(比如0.3),从而可减小动镜速度匀速性误差对采样干涉图的影响。
提出了双路输出双猫眼动镜干涉仪和双路输出双角锥体动镜干涉仪两种新型结构,理论分析表明可大大减小探测器非线性响应导致的干涉强度畸变,从而可减小傅里叶变换光谱的畸变,提高了仪器的信噪比;同时消除了动镜倾斜及横移对干涉图的影响;其光程差为动镜位移的4倍,相比迈克尔逊干涉仪,可获得更高的仪器分辨率。
The very high spectral resolution is the most outstanding feature to the time-modulated Fourier transform imaging spectroscopy (TMFTIS). Any other existing type of spectroscopy does not have this feature. Together with the high accuracy advantage, TMFTIS is currently well accepted and much used at scientific and industrial laboratories for various kinds of applications, and its application at atmospheric remote sensing and the measurement of the hyperfine spectrum has become an inevitable trend.
The biggest problem associated with the use of a Michelson interferometer as a Fourier transform spectrometer is the tilt of the moving plane mirror during scanning. It is extremely difficult to solve the basic problem mechanically, so we have to searchfor optical solutions.
In order to develop the very-high-spectral-resolution Fourier transform imaging spectrometer, this dissertation systematically and in depth studied the key theoretical and technical problems of the TMFTIS, and made some achievements of innovation in scientific research.
In this dissertation the tilt tolerance of the moving plane mirror in Michelson interferometer is systematically analyzed by means of modulation depth and phase error. The lateral shift of the single moving cat's-eye retro-reflector and the tilt of its secondary mirror are analyzed. Some novel types of interferometers, the moving-mirror-pair interferometer, the moving-double-sided-mirror interferometer, the novel moving-cat's-eye-pair interferometer and the novel moving-corner-cube-pair interferometer, are presented for the first time. Their principle and properties are studied. The novel moving-corner-cube-pair and the novel moving-cat's-eye-pair nterferometer have neither tilt nor shearing problems, and the OPD value is eight times the displacement of the moving element. So the larger maximum OPD value can be created by the straight reciprocating motion of the moving element. Therefore, the very high spectral resolution can be obtained by the novel moving-corner-cube-pair interferometer or the novel moving-cat's-eye-pair interferometer. In addition, the novel moving-cat's-eye-pair interferometer is very applicable to very-high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometers for any wave-number region from the far infrared down to the visible if the cat's-eye retro-reflector comprises a parabolic primary and a spherical secondary. The novel moving-corner-cube-pair interferometer is almost ideal for the very-high-resolution Fourier transform infrared spectrometers.
In this dissertation the moving-optical-wedge interferometer and a modified moving-optical-wedge interferometer are presented, and their principle and properties are studied. The ratio of the OPD value and the displacement of the moving optical wedge may be very small (for example, 0.3), if the values of the refractive index and the wedge angle of the optical wedges are chosen properly. Thus, the moving-optical-wedge interferometer is not so sensitive to the velocity variation of the moving element compared with the Michelson interferometer. That is, the moving-optical-wedge interferometer can reduce the impact of the velocity varation on the interferogram sampling error.
In this dissertation the two-output moving-corner-cube-pair interferometer and the two-output moving-cat's-eye-pair interferometer are presented, and their principle and properties are studied. Each one generates two output beams received by two detectors. The resulting interferogram is made up of the difference between the signals of the two detectors, and these signals have the same amplitude and opposite phases. Hence, these two novel two-output interferometers remove the most important intensity distortions from Fourier transform spectra recorded with nonlinear detectors, and they have neither tilt nor shearing problems. The OPD value is four times the displacement of the moving element, so the instrumental resolution of the above novel two-output interferometers is higher than the Michelson interferometer.
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