光谱发射率在线测量技术研究
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摘要
发射率是描述物体热辐射性质的基本参数之一,它在航天航空、军事国防和工农业生产中都具有重要的作用。如卫星的热控、制导与隐身、太阳能利用、红外加热和辐射测温领域中都与材料发射率密不可分。国内外有很多学者从事材料发射率的研究,近年来取得了较大的进步,欧美、日本以及我国都建立了基于傅里叶变换光谱仪的光谱发射率测量装置,解决了实验室内光谱发射率测量问题。现代军事技术、材料科学及能源科学急需能够在线测量发射率的设备,而目前在此方面的研究还很少。
本文针对多光谱测温和发射率新算法、基于多光谱测温仪的前置反射器的选型和优化设计进行了深入研究,在建立的实验平台基础上进行了实验研究,取得较好的实验结果,主要的研究工作如下:
1.在多光谱在线测量发射率理论算法上,利用神经网络算法对亮度温度模型和参考温度模型进行仿真,对仿真结果进行了评价;提出了亮度温度转化为目标真实温度的二次辨识算法,与F.Righini博士提供的数据进行了对比,且吻合度良好。
2.研制了基于前置反射器和光纤式多光谱仪的发射率在线测量装置、实验辅助设施和校准装置。设计并研制了前置反射器、光纤式多光谱仪、加热器及电控装置。测量装置可实现0.4~1.1μm的光谱范围和700~2000℃的非接触性的发射率测量,测量结果的误差小于0.03。
3.用立体角分比例法构建了前置反射器的理论模型,计算出了前置反射器空腔有效发射率与试件表面发射率的函数关系。通过对光纤式多光谱仪与前置反射器的组合装置的建模,建立了适合此套装置的发射率计算方法。
4.利用此发射率在线测量装置,进行了不锈钢氧化层和碳化硅的光谱发射率的测量实验。对测量结果进行了误差分析,表明此套发射率测量装置满足在线发射率测量的需要。
本论文研究成果为进一步研制出实用化发射率在线测量装置奠定了基础。
Emissivity is one of the basic parameters which describe material thermal radiation characteristic. It plays an important role in aviation and aerospace, military and national defense, manufacture of industry and agriculture. The fields of satellite heat control, guiding and hiding, solar energy utilization, infrared heating and thermal radiation thermometry are related to material emissivity. Many scholars from home and abroad have been researching material emissivity and have made a good progress in recent years. Spectral emissivty measurement apparatus based on FT-IR have been constructed in Europe, America, Japan and China. The problem of spectral emissivity measurement in the laboratory has been solved by now. However, it is limited to study on-line emissivity measurement apparatus, which is eager to be obtained in modern military technology, material science and energy science.
In this dissertation, multi-spectral thermometry and emissivity new algorithm, the development of multi-spectral thermometer, choice of front reflector apparatus and optimization design have been researched thoroughly. The experiment on the basis of experimental platform has been made. Expected experimental results have been abtained, the main research contributions of this dissertation are as follows:
1. On the aspect of the algorithm of multi-spectral on-line emissivity measurement theory, the brightness temperature model and reference temperature model utilizing neural network algorithm have been simulated, and the results coincide with the data provided by Dr. F.Righini.
2. Emissivity on-line measurement apparatus based on front reflector apparatus and optical fiber multi-spectral apparatus, experimental auxiliary and calibration apparatus have been developed. Reflector, multi-wavelength based on optical fiber, heater and control apparatus have been designed. The spectral scope of 0.4~1.1μm and non-contact emissivity measurement in the temperature scope of 700~2000℃have been achieved, the error of experimental results is less than 0.03.
3. Reflector’s theory model with the method of solid angle proportion divided has been constructed, the relation between cavity effective emissivity of reflector and material surface emissivity has been calculated, through the constructing model for combination apparatus of multi-wavelength based on optical fiber and reflector, the calculation method that fits this combination apparatus has been obtained.
4. Ultilizing this emissivity on-line measurement apparatus, stainless metal and silicon carbide’s spectral emissivity have been measured. The measurement error has been analyzed and the results indicate that the emissivity measurement apparatus satisfys the demand of on-line emissivity measurement.
The achievement of this dissertation has established foundation for the research of pratical on-line emissivity measurement in the future.
本文针对多光谱测温和发射率新算法、基于多光谱测温仪的前置反射器的选型和优化设计进行了深入研究,在建立的实验平台基础上进行了实验研究,取得较好的实验结果,主要的研究工作如下:
1.在多光谱在线测量发射率理论算法上,利用神经网络算法对亮度温度模型和参考温度模型进行仿真,对仿真结果进行了评价;提出了亮度温度转化为目标真实温度的二次辨识算法,与F.Righini博士提供的数据进行了对比,且吻合度良好。
2.研制了基于前置反射器和光纤式多光谱仪的发射率在线测量装置、实验辅助设施和校准装置。设计并研制了前置反射器、光纤式多光谱仪、加热器及电控装置。测量装置可实现0.4~1.1μm的光谱范围和700~2000℃的非接触性的发射率测量,测量结果的误差小于0.03。
3.用立体角分比例法构建了前置反射器的理论模型,计算出了前置反射器空腔有效发射率与试件表面发射率的函数关系。通过对光纤式多光谱仪与前置反射器的组合装置的建模,建立了适合此套装置的发射率计算方法。
4.利用此发射率在线测量装置,进行了不锈钢氧化层和碳化硅的光谱发射率的测量实验。对测量结果进行了误差分析,表明此套发射率测量装置满足在线发射率测量的需要。
本论文研究成果为进一步研制出实用化发射率在线测量装置奠定了基础。
Emissivity is one of the basic parameters which describe material thermal radiation characteristic. It plays an important role in aviation and aerospace, military and national defense, manufacture of industry and agriculture. The fields of satellite heat control, guiding and hiding, solar energy utilization, infrared heating and thermal radiation thermometry are related to material emissivity. Many scholars from home and abroad have been researching material emissivity and have made a good progress in recent years. Spectral emissivty measurement apparatus based on FT-IR have been constructed in Europe, America, Japan and China. The problem of spectral emissivity measurement in the laboratory has been solved by now. However, it is limited to study on-line emissivity measurement apparatus, which is eager to be obtained in modern military technology, material science and energy science.
In this dissertation, multi-spectral thermometry and emissivity new algorithm, the development of multi-spectral thermometer, choice of front reflector apparatus and optimization design have been researched thoroughly. The experiment on the basis of experimental platform has been made. Expected experimental results have been abtained, the main research contributions of this dissertation are as follows:
1. On the aspect of the algorithm of multi-spectral on-line emissivity measurement theory, the brightness temperature model and reference temperature model utilizing neural network algorithm have been simulated, and the results coincide with the data provided by Dr. F.Righini.
2. Emissivity on-line measurement apparatus based on front reflector apparatus and optical fiber multi-spectral apparatus, experimental auxiliary and calibration apparatus have been developed. Reflector, multi-wavelength based on optical fiber, heater and control apparatus have been designed. The spectral scope of 0.4~1.1μm and non-contact emissivity measurement in the temperature scope of 700~2000℃have been achieved, the error of experimental results is less than 0.03.
3. Reflector’s theory model with the method of solid angle proportion divided has been constructed, the relation between cavity effective emissivity of reflector and material surface emissivity has been calculated, through the constructing model for combination apparatus of multi-wavelength based on optical fiber and reflector, the calculation method that fits this combination apparatus has been obtained.
4. Ultilizing this emissivity on-line measurement apparatus, stainless metal and silicon carbide’s spectral emissivity have been measured. The measurement error has been analyzed and the results indicate that the emissivity measurement apparatus satisfys the demand of on-line emissivity measurement.
The achievement of this dissertation has established foundation for the research of pratical on-line emissivity measurement in the future.
引文
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