基于DSP变压器保护装置的设计
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摘要
变压器能否稳定运行对整个电力系统的稳定性有着至关的重要性，因此对变压器保护的速动性、灵敏性、可靠性要求更为苛刻，必须根据变压器的容量和重要程度并结合可能发生的各种类型的故障和不正常工作的情况，装设具有更优良的性能、更高可靠性的继电保护装置。但近年来变压器保护正确动作率却一直不高，造成变压器保护误动的原因有许多，其中最重要的一个原因就是如何有效的鉴别励磁涌流，同时变压器保护输入的模拟信号量较之线路保护更多，如何对这些数据进行快速、可靠、准确地处理将直接影响变压器保护的性能。
本文在总结分析变压器微机保护原理基础上，根据现今变压器保护的发展方向，设计了一个基于DSP的变压器微机继电保护装置。DSP芯片具有优良的数据处理能力，能更好地满足保护装置对实时性的要求；以太网通信技术的使用，提供了可靠的数据传送服务，而CPLD的引入，简化了CPU外围电路的设计，极大地提高了硬件部分的抗干扰能力。整个保护装置能根据变压器工作的具体情况配以二次谐波制动的比率差动保护、差动过流速断保护、零序保护、过负荷保护功能及装置自检功能。
Whether the transformer can function steadily is very important to stability of the whole system. So the sensitivity, stability and celerity of transformer call for more strict requests. Aiming at different kinds of faults and abnormity, we should install more advanced protection device based on the capability and the function of transformer. In recent years, precise function rate of transformer is not very high. There are many reasons for the malfunction of transformer. The most important one of them is how to distinguish Inrush current effectively. At the same time, number of analog signals for transformer protection is bigger than line protection. Then how to disposal these analog signals quickly, reliably and accurate will directly affect capability of transformer.
Based on principle and development of transformer protection, the paper designs a protection device based on DSP.DSP chip has a excellent method of data processing, so it can satisfy the demand of protection device to real-time, the technology of Ethernet supplies reliable service of data transmitting, and the introduction of CPLD makes peripheral circuit simple and deeply improves the capability of anti-interference. Based on the transformer, the device can configure over current differential protection, second harmonic restraint differential protection, zero sequence protection over load protection and self-check function.
本文在总结分析变压器微机保护原理基础上，根据现今变压器保护的发展方向，设计了一个基于DSP的变压器微机继电保护装置。DSP芯片具有优良的数据处理能力，能更好地满足保护装置对实时性的要求；以太网通信技术的使用，提供了可靠的数据传送服务，而CPLD的引入，简化了CPU外围电路的设计，极大地提高了硬件部分的抗干扰能力。整个保护装置能根据变压器工作的具体情况配以二次谐波制动的比率差动保护、差动过流速断保护、零序保护、过负荷保护功能及装置自检功能。
Whether the transformer can function steadily is very important to stability of the whole system. So the sensitivity, stability and celerity of transformer call for more strict requests. Aiming at different kinds of faults and abnormity, we should install more advanced protection device based on the capability and the function of transformer. In recent years, precise function rate of transformer is not very high. There are many reasons for the malfunction of transformer. The most important one of them is how to distinguish Inrush current effectively. At the same time, number of analog signals for transformer protection is bigger than line protection. Then how to disposal these analog signals quickly, reliably and accurate will directly affect capability of transformer.
Based on principle and development of transformer protection, the paper designs a protection device based on DSP.DSP chip has a excellent method of data processing, so it can satisfy the demand of protection device to real-time, the technology of Ethernet supplies reliable service of data transmitting, and the introduction of CPLD makes peripheral circuit simple and deeply improves the capability of anti-interference. Based on the transformer, the device can configure over current differential protection, second harmonic restraint differential protection, zero sequence protection over load protection and self-check function.
引文
[1] 贺家李．电力系统继电保护技术的现状与发展．中国电力．1999
[2] 张艳霞．电力系统保护与控制．清华大学出版社．2005．9
[3] 孙国凯．电力系统继电保护原理．水利水电出版社．2002．2
[4] 孟祥忠．变电站微机监控与保护技术．中国电力出版社．2003．9
[5] 赵堂，赵祖康等．配电系统及其自动化技术．中国电力出版社．2003．1
[6] 王林，翟中牛．变压器后备保护的探讨．电力学报．2000(4)
[7] 张振华、徐振宇等．第三代微机保护的设计思想．电力自动化设备．1997
[8] Song Yonghua, Allan T Johns and Yang Qixun. Towards Intelligent Protection. Power System Technology. 1996, 20(1)
[9] 朱声石．微机线路保护的特点，技术进步和新概念．继电器．1997
[10] 朱声石．高压电网继电保护原理与技术，中国电力出版社．2005．4
[11] 王维俭．发电机变压器继电保护应用，中国电力出版社．2003．12
[12] 川聂一雄，伊项根．人工智能与模糊控制在电力系统继电保护应用的研究现状及前景．电力系统自动化学报．2000．12
[13] 张雄伟．DSP芯片的原理与开发应用．电子工业出版社．1997．
[14] G．Benmouyal．用于升压变压器的组合式数字综合差动和电压／频率继电器的设计．电力系统继电保护论文译文集．No．6．南自总厂技术情报室．1993．6月．
[15] Thorg J S, Phadke AG. A Microprocessor Based Voltage Restrained Three Phase Transformer Differential Relay[J]. Proceeding of the South Eastern on Symposia on System Theory, 1982, 4
[16] 苏奎峰，吕强等．TMS320F2812原理与开发．电子工业出版社．2005．1
[17] 李凤荣，变压器纵差动保护及励磁涌流识别技术的研究[硕士学位论文]华北电力大学(北京)
[18] 张玉，基于DSP的变压器保护装置设计[硕士学位论文]南京理工大学
[19] TMS320x281x System Control and Interrupts Reference Guide, Texas Instruments, Incorporated, 05 Nov 2004.
[20] TMS320x281x, 280x Enhanced Controller Area Network (eCAN) Reference Guide, Texas Instruments, Incorporated, 05 Nov 2004.
[21] TMS320x281x, 280x Serial Communications Interface(SCI) Reference Guide, Texas Instruments, Incorporated, 05 Nov 2004.
[22] TMS320x281x, 280x Serial Peripherals Interface(SPI) Reference Guide, Texas Instruments, Incorporated, 05 Nov 2004.
[23] 许正亚，变压器及中低压网络数字式保护．北京．中国水利水电出版社，2004．
[24] 蔡月明，梅军等CPLD在继电保护装置中的应用．继电器．2001，29(10)
[25] 徐志军，徐光辉．CPLD／PGA的开发与应用．电子工业出版社，2002．1
[26] G. W. Swift, The Spectra of Fault-Induced Transients, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems. 1997, 98(3)
[27] 陈雪薇等．分布参数线路短路暂态过程的数字仿真．华北电力学院报．1985，21
[28] 周大敏．递推富氏算法中衰减非周期分量的消除方法．继电器．1998，26(5)
[29] 熊岗，陈陈，一种能滤除衰减直流分量的交流采样新算法，电力系统自动化，1997，21
[30] 董洁，变压器差动保护涌流制动原理的研究电力系统自动化1997年12期
[31] 徐科军，全书海等．信号处理技术．武汉理工大学出版社．2005．7
[32] 丛玉良，王宏志．数字信号处理原理及其MATLAB实现．电子工业出社．2003．9
[33] 罗军辉，罗勇江．MATLAB 7.0在数字信号处理中的应用．机械工业出版社．2005．5
[34] Q S Yang, IF Morison. Microprocessor based algorithm for high resistance earth-fault distance protection, IEE Proceeding Generation, Transmission and Distribution, 1983, 130(11)。
[35] Kulidjian A, Kasztenny B, Campbell B. New Magnetizing Inrush Restraining Algorithm for Power Transformer Protection [A]. Developments in Power System Algorithm for Power Transformer Protection[A]. Developments in Power System Protection[C], Conference Publication No. 479 IEE2001
[36] 沈晓凡，程逍，章激扬，2005年全国电网继电保护装置运行情况分析，电力设备，2007，第二期
[37] 贺家李，宋从矩，电力系统继电保护原理，北京：中国电力出版社，1994
[38] 王维俭，电气主设备继电保护原理与应用，北京：中国电力出版社，1996
[39] 桂林，王祥珩，王维俭，新型标积制动式差动保护的分析研究，电力系统自动化，2001，3
[40] Inagaki K et al. Digital Protection Method for Power Transformers Based on and Euvalent Circuit Composed of Inverse Inductance. IEEE Trans on Power klivery, 1988. 10
[2] 张艳霞．电力系统保护与控制．清华大学出版社．2005．9
[3] 孙国凯．电力系统继电保护原理．水利水电出版社．2002．2
[4] 孟祥忠．变电站微机监控与保护技术．中国电力出版社．2003．9
[5] 赵堂，赵祖康等．配电系统及其自动化技术．中国电力出版社．2003．1
[6] 王林，翟中牛．变压器后备保护的探讨．电力学报．2000(4)
[7] 张振华、徐振宇等．第三代微机保护的设计思想．电力自动化设备．1997
[8] Song Yonghua, Allan T Johns and Yang Qixun. Towards Intelligent Protection. Power System Technology. 1996, 20(1)
[9] 朱声石．微机线路保护的特点，技术进步和新概念．继电器．1997
[10] 朱声石．高压电网继电保护原理与技术，中国电力出版社．2005．4
[11] 王维俭．发电机变压器继电保护应用，中国电力出版社．2003．12
[12] 川聂一雄，伊项根．人工智能与模糊控制在电力系统继电保护应用的研究现状及前景．电力系统自动化学报．2000．12
[13] 张雄伟．DSP芯片的原理与开发应用．电子工业出版社．1997．
[14] G．Benmouyal．用于升压变压器的组合式数字综合差动和电压／频率继电器的设计．电力系统继电保护论文译文集．No．6．南自总厂技术情报室．1993．6月．
[15] Thorg J S, Phadke AG. A Microprocessor Based Voltage Restrained Three Phase Transformer Differential Relay[J]. Proceeding of the South Eastern on Symposia on System Theory, 1982, 4
[16] 苏奎峰，吕强等．TMS320F2812原理与开发．电子工业出版社．2005．1
[17] 李凤荣，变压器纵差动保护及励磁涌流识别技术的研究[硕士学位论文]华北电力大学(北京)
[18] 张玉，基于DSP的变压器保护装置设计[硕士学位论文]南京理工大学
[19] TMS320x281x System Control and Interrupts Reference Guide, Texas Instruments, Incorporated, 05 Nov 2004.
[20] TMS320x281x, 280x Enhanced Controller Area Network (eCAN) Reference Guide, Texas Instruments, Incorporated, 05 Nov 2004.
[21] TMS320x281x, 280x Serial Communications Interface(SCI) Reference Guide, Texas Instruments, Incorporated, 05 Nov 2004.
[22] TMS320x281x, 280x Serial Peripherals Interface(SPI) Reference Guide, Texas Instruments, Incorporated, 05 Nov 2004.
[23] 许正亚，变压器及中低压网络数字式保护．北京．中国水利水电出版社，2004．
[24] 蔡月明，梅军等CPLD在继电保护装置中的应用．继电器．2001，29(10)
[25] 徐志军，徐光辉．CPLD／PGA的开发与应用．电子工业出版社，2002．1
[26] G. W. Swift, The Spectra of Fault-Induced Transients, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems. 1997, 98(3)
[27] 陈雪薇等．分布参数线路短路暂态过程的数字仿真．华北电力学院报．1985，21
[28] 周大敏．递推富氏算法中衰减非周期分量的消除方法．继电器．1998，26(5)
[29] 熊岗，陈陈，一种能滤除衰减直流分量的交流采样新算法，电力系统自动化，1997，21
[30] 董洁，变压器差动保护涌流制动原理的研究电力系统自动化1997年12期
[31] 徐科军，全书海等．信号处理技术．武汉理工大学出版社．2005．7
[32] 丛玉良，王宏志．数字信号处理原理及其MATLAB实现．电子工业出社．2003．9
[33] 罗军辉，罗勇江．MATLAB 7.0在数字信号处理中的应用．机械工业出版社．2005．5
[34] Q S Yang, IF Morison. Microprocessor based algorithm for high resistance earth-fault distance protection, IEE Proceeding Generation, Transmission and Distribution, 1983, 130(11)。
[35] Kulidjian A, Kasztenny B, Campbell B. New Magnetizing Inrush Restraining Algorithm for Power Transformer Protection [A]. Developments in Power System Algorithm for Power Transformer Protection[A]. Developments in Power System Protection[C], Conference Publication No. 479 IEE2001
[36] 沈晓凡，程逍，章激扬，2005年全国电网继电保护装置运行情况分析，电力设备，2007，第二期
[37] 贺家李，宋从矩，电力系统继电保护原理，北京：中国电力出版社，1994
[38] 王维俭，电气主设备继电保护原理与应用，北京：中国电力出版社，1996
[39] 桂林，王祥珩，王维俭，新型标积制动式差动保护的分析研究，电力系统自动化，2001，3
[40] Inagaki K et al. Digital Protection Method for Power Transformers Based on and Euvalent Circuit Composed of Inverse Inductance. IEEE Trans on Power klivery, 1988. 10