软土深基坑开挖与支护变形监测和有限元数值模拟
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摘要
软土地区深基坑工程开挖一直是岩土工程领域的重点研究内容之一。由于软土的特殊性质,软土基坑在开挖过程中极易造成支护结构以及周围道路、管线和建筑物的变形。本文将宁波市镇海职教中心东侧地块基坑作为案例进行分析。根据该工程的工程地质和周边环境特点,通过方案比较分析确定了基坑支护及止水方案。另外通过对现场的变形监测数据分析以及对基坑开挖与支护的有限元数值模拟,对软土基坑开挖引起的位移和沉降进行了较为系统的研究。本文完成的主要工作和取得的主要结论有：
1.根据工程地质条件和环境特点,分析并确定了排桩与内支撑相结合的支护方式以及深层水泥搅拌桩的止水方式。对本工程而言该支护措施是合理有效的。
2.根据确定的监测方案及取得的数据,分析得到了深层土体位移和顶梁水平位移在开挖过程中的变化规律、周边道路各监测点的总沉降值、邻近建筑物各监测点的总沉降值、地下管线各监测点的总水平位移及总沉降值。
3.利用PLAXIS软件对该工程的实际开挖过程进行了数值模拟。将数值模拟结果进行分析,其中分析的内容包括各开挖步骤的土体位移及塑性屈服点范围,围护桩桩身位移和内力随施工进程的变化规律,同时也分析了支撑轴力随施工进程的变化规律。
Technology of deep excavation in Soft soil has been one of the key engineering problems. Because of the special properties of soft soil, excavation in soft soil is easily caused deformation of supporting structure, the surrounding roads, pipelines and buildings. This article analyses the case of foundation in east plots of NingBo ZhenHai professional education center. According to the engineering geological and circumjacent environment characteristics, the scheme of foundation pit support and water stop is determined by comparison and analysis. In addition, through analysis of on-site deformation monitoring data and fern numerical simulation of excavation and supporting, we make a systematic study to displacement and subsidence caused by excavation in soft soil. The main work accomplished and the main conclusions are obtained as follows:
1. Based on the engineering geological conditions and environment characteristics, it is analyzed and determined that supporting method of the row pile of combining with interior support and stop-water way of deep cement mixing pile. Support measures is reasonable and effective to this engineering.
2. According to the analysis of certain monitoring scheme and the obtained data, we got change rules of the deep soil displacement and the top beam in horizontal displacement in the excavation process, total sedimentation value of each monitoring point on the surrounding roads, total sedimentation value of each monitoring point on the adjacent buildings, total horizontal displacement and total sedimentation value of each monitoring point on the underground pipelines.
3. It is done that the numerical simulation about the project's actual excavation process by using PLAXIS software. The numerical simulation results are analyzed, the contents include the analysis of soil excavation step the displacement and plastic yield point range, retaining pile displacement and change rule of internal force during the construction process, change rule of strut axial forces during the construction process.
1.根据工程地质条件和环境特点,分析并确定了排桩与内支撑相结合的支护方式以及深层水泥搅拌桩的止水方式。对本工程而言该支护措施是合理有效的。
2.根据确定的监测方案及取得的数据,分析得到了深层土体位移和顶梁水平位移在开挖过程中的变化规律、周边道路各监测点的总沉降值、邻近建筑物各监测点的总沉降值、地下管线各监测点的总水平位移及总沉降值。
3.利用PLAXIS软件对该工程的实际开挖过程进行了数值模拟。将数值模拟结果进行分析,其中分析的内容包括各开挖步骤的土体位移及塑性屈服点范围,围护桩桩身位移和内力随施工进程的变化规律,同时也分析了支撑轴力随施工进程的变化规律。
Technology of deep excavation in Soft soil has been one of the key engineering problems. Because of the special properties of soft soil, excavation in soft soil is easily caused deformation of supporting structure, the surrounding roads, pipelines and buildings. This article analyses the case of foundation in east plots of NingBo ZhenHai professional education center. According to the engineering geological and circumjacent environment characteristics, the scheme of foundation pit support and water stop is determined by comparison and analysis. In addition, through analysis of on-site deformation monitoring data and fern numerical simulation of excavation and supporting, we make a systematic study to displacement and subsidence caused by excavation in soft soil. The main work accomplished and the main conclusions are obtained as follows:
1. Based on the engineering geological conditions and environment characteristics, it is analyzed and determined that supporting method of the row pile of combining with interior support and stop-water way of deep cement mixing pile. Support measures is reasonable and effective to this engineering.
2. According to the analysis of certain monitoring scheme and the obtained data, we got change rules of the deep soil displacement and the top beam in horizontal displacement in the excavation process, total sedimentation value of each monitoring point on the surrounding roads, total sedimentation value of each monitoring point on the adjacent buildings, total horizontal displacement and total sedimentation value of each monitoring point on the underground pipelines.
3. It is done that the numerical simulation about the project's actual excavation process by using PLAXIS software. The numerical simulation results are analyzed, the contents include the analysis of soil excavation step the displacement and plastic yield point range, retaining pile displacement and change rule of internal force during the construction process, change rule of strut axial forces during the construction process.
引文
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[10]陈页开.挡土墙上土压力的试验研究与数值分析：(博士学位论文).杭州：浙江大学,2001
[11]李钟.深基坑支护技术现状及发展趋势(二)[J].岩土工程界,2001,4(2)：45-47
[12]SJG 05—96.深圳地区建筑深基坑支护规范[S].1996
[13]李明.基坑悬臂支护结构的土压力数值研究：(硕士学位论文).南京：河海大学,2003
[14]方江华.深基坑支护技术综述[J].西部探矿工程,2003(3)：53-55
[15]余志成,施文华.深基坑支护设计与施工[M],中国建筑工业出版社,1997
[16]王戟,崔怀明,贺宝林.运用预应力锚杆技术的深基坑支护设计.安徽建筑,2000(3),45-46
[17]张志勇,郭庆昊,汪·玉东.地铁车站基础支撑设计与分析[J].城市轨道交通研究,2007(11)：53
[18]ABDUL AZIZ I M, CLOUGH G W. Prediction of movements for braced cuts in clay[J]. Journal of the Geotechnical Division,1981,107(6):759～775
[19]陈祥福,许溶烈,陈伟.面向二十一世纪的中国深基础工程[J].建筑技术开发,2001,28(1)：2-6
[20]李钟.深基坑支护技术现状及发展趋势(一)[J].岩土工程界,2001,4(1)：42-45
[21]杨敏,冯又全,王瑞祥.深基坑支护结构的力学分析与实测结果的比较[J]. 建筑结构学报,1999,20(2)：68-78
[22]叶朝良,岳祖润,谢开仲.深基坑支护设计中的若干问题及新进展[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,2001,14(1)：49-51
[23]罗国煌.城市环境岩土工程,南京南京大学出版社,2000
[24]国家行业标准.《建筑基坑支护技术规程》(JGJ120-99).北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1999
[25]杨林德.软土工程施工技术与环境保护.北京：人民交通出版社,2000,230-235
[26]刘国彬,侯学渊,黄院雄.基坑工程发展的现状与趋势[J].地下空间,1998,18(增)：400-405
[27]DONALD J M, CLOUGH G W, ROBERT S W. Temporary excavation in varved clay[J]. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Divi-sion,1975,101(GT3): 279～295
[28]史世雍.软土地区深基坑支护体系安全性状动态分析：(博士学位论文).上海：同济大学,2007
[29]俞建霖.软土地基深基坑工程数值分析研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,1997
[30]高文华,杨林德.软土深基坑支护结构变形的三维有限元分析[J].工程力学,2004,17(2)：134-140
[31]刘兴旺,施祖元,益德清.软土地区基坑开挖变形性状研究.岩土工程学报,1999,21(4)：456-460
[32]俞建霖,龚晓南.基坑工程变形性状研究[J].土木工程学报,2002,35(4)：20-21
[33]BrandEW, BrennerR P.Soft Clay Engineering[M]. Msterdam;Leviers Seientifie Publishing ComPany,1981
[34]俞建霖,龚晓南.深基坑工程的空间性状分析[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(1)：21-25
[35]苏德利,刘文顺.深基坑支护方法的比较与选择[J].焦作大学学报,2010,(2)
[36]谢康和,周健.岩土工程有限元分析理论与应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2002：65-69
[37]唐晓松,郑颖人,邬爱清.应用PLAXIS有限元程序进行渗流作用下的边坡稳定性分析[J].长江科学院院报,2006,23(4)：30-31
[38]朱伯芳.有限单元法原理与应用(第二版)[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,1998
[39]POTTS D M, AXELSSON K, GRANDE L, et al. Guidelines for the use of advanced numerical analysis[M]. London:Thomas Telford,2002
[40]R.B.J.Rrinkgreve, W.Broere.PLAXIS参考手册[M].荷兰：代尔夫特科技大学,PLAXIS公司
[41]BRINKGREVE R B J. Selection of soil models and parameters for geotechnical engineering application. In Soil Constitutive Models[C]//Proceedings of the Sessions of the Geo-Frontiers 2005 Congress, ASCE, Austin, Texas:[s. n.],2005:69～98
[42]DUNCAN J M, CHANG C Y. Nonlinear analysis of stress and strain soils[J]. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and foundations Division,1970,96(SM5):1629～1653
[43]殷宗泽.土工计算与原理(第二版)[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社
[44]KONDER R L. Hyperbolic stress-strain response:cohesive soils[J]. Journal of Soil Mechanics andFoundation Division, ASCE,1963,89(1):115～143
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