AM30镁合金显微组织与热变形行为研究
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摘要
镁及镁合金作为最轻的金属结构材料之一,具有阻尼减震性能好、导热性能优越,电磁屏蔽性能好,易于回收等特点,因而受到人们的极大关注,被誉为21世纪的“绿色金属结构材料”。但对于铸态镁合金来说,铸锭组织中不可避免会存在组织和成分的不均匀。这种不均匀性具体表现为:1、出现非平衡第二相和过多的剩余相,形成枝晶网状组织;2、合金元素在Mg基体中的溶解度超过饱和浓度,形成过饱和固溶体;3、Mg基固溶体成分不均匀,出现晶内偏析或枝晶偏析。为了消除这种不均匀性,本课题采用均匀化退火处理来改善铸锭的质量。
本文研究了不同均匀化条件得到的AM30镁合金的显微组织,对所有金相试样进行了显微硬度实验,得出了各种工艺条件下材料的显微硬度值随时间和温度变化的关系曲线,对均匀化的两个重要参数温度和时间进行了详细的探讨,并尝试采用求显微硬度分布值方差大小的方法来判断热处理后合金的均匀化程度。通过扫描电镜和能谱实验,定性研究了AM30镁合金主要合金元素在合金中的分布规律;利用X射线衍射图谱获得合金在铸态和均匀化过程中物相的变化规律,同样也是一种判断镁合金第二相溶解及均匀化效果的有效手段;根据实验结果和实际生产的要求,得出AM30镁合金最佳均匀化退火工艺为430℃×8h。
在Gleeble-1500D热模拟仪上,对AM30镁合金在变形温度为523k～673k和应变速率为0.001s-1～0.1s-1条件下进行热压缩实验,得到了不同条件下的真应力-应变曲线,根据这些曲线计算出该合金的应力硬化指数为6.2,热激活能为134 kJ/mol,并对流变应力与变形温度和应变速率的关系进行了分析。结果表明,该合金热压缩变形的流变应力受变形温度和应变速率的影响较大,流变应力随应变速率的增加而增加,随变形温度的增加而减小,同时得出该合金比较适合的热变形温度为573k~623k,应变速率为0.001s-1~0.1s-1,以低温及高应变速率为宜。
根据AM30镁合金热模拟实验的结果及AZ31合金的成熟挤压工艺对AM30镁合金进行挤压实验,对其挤压管材进行固溶及时效热处理,得出挤压管材的显微硬度与固溶及时效时间的关系,根据挤压实验结果和显微硬度与固溶及时效时间的关系研究了该合金的强化效果。结果表明该合金经固溶及时效处理后,硬度增加不明显,不能通过固溶及时效热处理来显著提高其性能。
As one of the lightest metallic structural materials, magnesium and magnesium alloy have many advantages in practical application. Due to its damping capacity, good vibrational absorption, heat conductivity, electromagnetic shielding, easy to recycle and so on, it has attracted more and more attention from researchers all over the world, considered to be the ecological metallic structural materials of the 21st century. However, microstructure and composition inhomogeneity is inevitable in the as-cast magnesium ingots. The inhomogeneity of as-cast magnesium alloys goes as follows: 1. appearance of the non-equilibrium second phase and excessive excess-phase result in the formation of a dendritic network; 2. the solubility of alloy element in the base leads to supersaturation, forming the supersaturated solid solution; 3. the composition of solid solution in the Mg base distribute extensively, causing the dendritic or transgranular segregation. In order to eliminate the inhomogeneity existing in the Mg matrix, homogenizing treatment was used to improve the attributes of Mg alloys ingot.
The microstructure of AM30 magnesium alloys obtained at different heat treatment parameters is researched and the results of metallographic experiment are also analyzed in detail. By researching the microhardness of all metallographic samples, the microhardness-time and microhardness-temperature curves are reached under varied processing conditions. The effects of annealing time and temperature on homogenization are discussed at length. The microhardness distribution variance is utilized to illustrate the homogenizing quality. Aided by the results of SEM and EDS, the distribution of main elements in AM30 magnesium alloys is discussed qualitatively. Meanwhile the phase changes between as-cast and homogenized samples can be got by ways of analyzing X-ray spectrum, which can be served as an effective tool determining the second-phase distribution and the quality of homogenization. According to the experimental results and practical production requirement, the optimal annealing parameter is obtained to be 430℃×8h.
Hot compression experiment of AM30 magnesium alloys was carried out on Gleeble-1500 at different temperatures of 573k～673k and different strain rates of 0.001 s-1～0.1s-1. The flow stress-strain curve was obtained. The deformation activation energy and stress hardening exponent were calculated to be 134kJ/mol and 6.2, respectively. The relationship between flow stress and deformation temperature and strain rate is analyzed at length. The results show the flow stress strongly depends on the deformation temperature and strain rate. The flow stress increases with the increasing of strain rate and decreases with the increasing of temperature and the fit deformation temperature and strain rates are obtained to be 573k~623k and 0.001s-1~0.1s-1, respectively. High strain rate and low temperature will be better.
In light of data acquired from thermal deformation test and matured technology parameter of AZ31, the extrusion experiment was carried on AM30 magnesium alloys. Following the solution and aging treatment on extrusion tubings of AM30 magnesium alloys, the relation between microhardness and solution and aging time is reached. and the strengthening effects is also studied according to the relation and results of extrusion test. The results show the microhardness didn’t increase apparently and the way to obviously heighten the properties of AM30 using solution and aging treatment is not feasible.
本文研究了不同均匀化条件得到的AM30镁合金的显微组织,对所有金相试样进行了显微硬度实验,得出了各种工艺条件下材料的显微硬度值随时间和温度变化的关系曲线,对均匀化的两个重要参数温度和时间进行了详细的探讨,并尝试采用求显微硬度分布值方差大小的方法来判断热处理后合金的均匀化程度。通过扫描电镜和能谱实验,定性研究了AM30镁合金主要合金元素在合金中的分布规律;利用X射线衍射图谱获得合金在铸态和均匀化过程中物相的变化规律,同样也是一种判断镁合金第二相溶解及均匀化效果的有效手段;根据实验结果和实际生产的要求,得出AM30镁合金最佳均匀化退火工艺为430℃×8h。
在Gleeble-1500D热模拟仪上,对AM30镁合金在变形温度为523k～673k和应变速率为0.001s-1～0.1s-1条件下进行热压缩实验,得到了不同条件下的真应力-应变曲线,根据这些曲线计算出该合金的应力硬化指数为6.2,热激活能为134 kJ/mol,并对流变应力与变形温度和应变速率的关系进行了分析。结果表明,该合金热压缩变形的流变应力受变形温度和应变速率的影响较大,流变应力随应变速率的增加而增加,随变形温度的增加而减小,同时得出该合金比较适合的热变形温度为573k~623k,应变速率为0.001s-1~0.1s-1,以低温及高应变速率为宜。
根据AM30镁合金热模拟实验的结果及AZ31合金的成熟挤压工艺对AM30镁合金进行挤压实验,对其挤压管材进行固溶及时效热处理,得出挤压管材的显微硬度与固溶及时效时间的关系,根据挤压实验结果和显微硬度与固溶及时效时间的关系研究了该合金的强化效果。结果表明该合金经固溶及时效处理后,硬度增加不明显,不能通过固溶及时效热处理来显著提高其性能。
As one of the lightest metallic structural materials, magnesium and magnesium alloy have many advantages in practical application. Due to its damping capacity, good vibrational absorption, heat conductivity, electromagnetic shielding, easy to recycle and so on, it has attracted more and more attention from researchers all over the world, considered to be the ecological metallic structural materials of the 21st century. However, microstructure and composition inhomogeneity is inevitable in the as-cast magnesium ingots. The inhomogeneity of as-cast magnesium alloys goes as follows: 1. appearance of the non-equilibrium second phase and excessive excess-phase result in the formation of a dendritic network; 2. the solubility of alloy element in the base leads to supersaturation, forming the supersaturated solid solution; 3. the composition of solid solution in the Mg base distribute extensively, causing the dendritic or transgranular segregation. In order to eliminate the inhomogeneity existing in the Mg matrix, homogenizing treatment was used to improve the attributes of Mg alloys ingot.
The microstructure of AM30 magnesium alloys obtained at different heat treatment parameters is researched and the results of metallographic experiment are also analyzed in detail. By researching the microhardness of all metallographic samples, the microhardness-time and microhardness-temperature curves are reached under varied processing conditions. The effects of annealing time and temperature on homogenization are discussed at length. The microhardness distribution variance is utilized to illustrate the homogenizing quality. Aided by the results of SEM and EDS, the distribution of main elements in AM30 magnesium alloys is discussed qualitatively. Meanwhile the phase changes between as-cast and homogenized samples can be got by ways of analyzing X-ray spectrum, which can be served as an effective tool determining the second-phase distribution and the quality of homogenization. According to the experimental results and practical production requirement, the optimal annealing parameter is obtained to be 430℃×8h.
Hot compression experiment of AM30 magnesium alloys was carried out on Gleeble-1500 at different temperatures of 573k～673k and different strain rates of 0.001 s-1～0.1s-1. The flow stress-strain curve was obtained. The deformation activation energy and stress hardening exponent were calculated to be 134kJ/mol and 6.2, respectively. The relationship between flow stress and deformation temperature and strain rate is analyzed at length. The results show the flow stress strongly depends on the deformation temperature and strain rate. The flow stress increases with the increasing of strain rate and decreases with the increasing of temperature and the fit deformation temperature and strain rates are obtained to be 573k~623k and 0.001s-1~0.1s-1, respectively. High strain rate and low temperature will be better.
In light of data acquired from thermal deformation test and matured technology parameter of AZ31, the extrusion experiment was carried on AM30 magnesium alloys. Following the solution and aging treatment on extrusion tubings of AM30 magnesium alloys, the relation between microhardness and solution and aging time is reached. and the strengthening effects is also studied according to the relation and results of extrusion test. The results show the microhardness didn’t increase apparently and the way to obviously heighten the properties of AM30 using solution and aging treatment is not feasible.
引文
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