高速光纤通信双偏振相位调制系统及其偏振模色散补偿的研究
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摘要
人们对于传输系统容量的需求推动着高速光纤传输系统的发展。目前提高传输系统单波容量的方案主要是基于多级相位调制的偏分复用技术。而随着通信系统速率的提高,光纤中的色度色散(CD)非线性效应、偏振模色散(PMD)等对系统的影响愈加明显,成为制约系统升级的主要因素。此外,随着多级相位调制格式的应用,系统对光信噪比(OSNR)的要求日益升高。如何解决高速光纤通信中的信号损伤及降低系统对OSNR的要求成为高速偏分复用系统亟待解决的问题。本文对偏分复用的相位调制系统进行了研究和仿真,并主要对光纤中的偏振模色散进行了补偿,同时对可降低接收端OSNR要求的前向纠错码(FEC)进行了初步研究。本文的主要工作及创新如下：
介绍了光码型调制技术,详细分析了光调制解调常用器件—马赫-曾德尔调制器和马赫曾德尔延迟干涉仪的工作原理,并应用这些器件的数学模型仿真实现了DPSK.DQPSK及QAM等典型码型的调制与解调,得到了相应信号的频谱图、星座图和眼图。
总结了各种偏振模色散补偿技术包括电补偿、光补偿技术,以及利用FEC+偏振扰动进行PMD缓解的技术。重点研究了光域的PMD补偿技术,并对PMD补偿中的偏振度(DOP)反馈信号及粒子群优化(PSO)搜索算法进行了仿真分析。
仿真搭建了一种新型双偏振态的DPSK系统,该系统同时采用偏振态和相位承载信息。数值分析了其性能,包括频谱利用率,偏振模色散容忍度等,并与DPSK及DQPSK系统性能进行了比较。
提出并搭建了新型双偏振DQPSK调制系统,推导出其预编码公式,并利用数值仿真的方法对其CD容忍度、PMD容忍度以及接收端对OSNR要求等性能进行了分析。同时分析并优化了信号DOP,以DOP为反馈信号实现了对双偏振DQPSK系统的PMD补偿。补偿后在1dB OSNR代价下,PMD容忍度较补偿前提高89ps。
利用数值拟合的方法推导出了应用于DPSK和DQPSK光通信系统的前向纠错码LDPC译码初始化信息公式。
The ever-increasing demand for communication capacity has been pushing the development of the high-speed optical-fiber systems. In recent years, polarization division multiplexing combined with multilevel modulation formats is applied to upgrade the existing system. However, as the transmission speed increases, some factors such as chromatic dispersion (CD)、non-linear effects and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) are critical limitations. Moreover, greater OSNR is required as the level of advanced modulation scheme increases. It becomes significant to overcome the signal distortion and to low the OSNR requirement. In this thesis, novel dual-polarization phase shift keying systems are proposed and analyzed. PMD is mainly considered and PMD compensation for the system is accomplished. In addition, forward error correction is preliminarily discussed in order to decrease OSNR reqirement. The research work is summarized as follows:
Modulation technology and the widely-used Mach-zehnder modulator (MZM) and Mach-Zehnder delay interferometer (MZDI) are reviewed and analyzed. By applying these components'mathematical model, the modulation and demodulation processes of some typical modulation formats such as DPSK、DQPSK and QAM are simulated, and some performances including frequency spectrums, phases diagrams and eyediagrams are obtained.
PMD compensation technologies including electronic and optical methods are in discussed detail. The optical PMD compensation scheme is deeply investigated. The Degree of polarization (DOP) feedback signal and PSO searching algorithm are simulated and analyzed.
A novel dual-polarization differential phase shift keying (DP-DPSK) system which takes advantage of both polarization and phase to carry information is simulated. And its performances including spectral efficiency, CD and PMD tolerance are analyzed via numerical simulation and compared with DPSK and DQPSK system.
A novel dual-polarization differential quadrature phase shift keying (DP-DQPSK) system is proposed which does not need polarization de-multiplexing like the conventional PDM-QPSK system. PMD is mainly considered and DOP of the signals is discussed in detail. The results of PMD compensation show that PMD tolerance can be improved by 89ps within 1dB optical signal noise ratio (OSNR) penalty after PMD compensation for the DP-DQPSK system.
Initial information formulas for LDPC decoding applied to DPSK and DQPSK system are deduced and analyzed with Mathematics fitting method.
介绍了光码型调制技术,详细分析了光调制解调常用器件—马赫-曾德尔调制器和马赫曾德尔延迟干涉仪的工作原理,并应用这些器件的数学模型仿真实现了DPSK.DQPSK及QAM等典型码型的调制与解调,得到了相应信号的频谱图、星座图和眼图。
总结了各种偏振模色散补偿技术包括电补偿、光补偿技术,以及利用FEC+偏振扰动进行PMD缓解的技术。重点研究了光域的PMD补偿技术,并对PMD补偿中的偏振度(DOP)反馈信号及粒子群优化(PSO)搜索算法进行了仿真分析。
仿真搭建了一种新型双偏振态的DPSK系统,该系统同时采用偏振态和相位承载信息。数值分析了其性能,包括频谱利用率,偏振模色散容忍度等,并与DPSK及DQPSK系统性能进行了比较。
提出并搭建了新型双偏振DQPSK调制系统,推导出其预编码公式,并利用数值仿真的方法对其CD容忍度、PMD容忍度以及接收端对OSNR要求等性能进行了分析。同时分析并优化了信号DOP,以DOP为反馈信号实现了对双偏振DQPSK系统的PMD补偿。补偿后在1dB OSNR代价下,PMD容忍度较补偿前提高89ps。
利用数值拟合的方法推导出了应用于DPSK和DQPSK光通信系统的前向纠错码LDPC译码初始化信息公式。
The ever-increasing demand for communication capacity has been pushing the development of the high-speed optical-fiber systems. In recent years, polarization division multiplexing combined with multilevel modulation formats is applied to upgrade the existing system. However, as the transmission speed increases, some factors such as chromatic dispersion (CD)、non-linear effects and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) are critical limitations. Moreover, greater OSNR is required as the level of advanced modulation scheme increases. It becomes significant to overcome the signal distortion and to low the OSNR requirement. In this thesis, novel dual-polarization phase shift keying systems are proposed and analyzed. PMD is mainly considered and PMD compensation for the system is accomplished. In addition, forward error correction is preliminarily discussed in order to decrease OSNR reqirement. The research work is summarized as follows:
Modulation technology and the widely-used Mach-zehnder modulator (MZM) and Mach-Zehnder delay interferometer (MZDI) are reviewed and analyzed. By applying these components'mathematical model, the modulation and demodulation processes of some typical modulation formats such as DPSK、DQPSK and QAM are simulated, and some performances including frequency spectrums, phases diagrams and eyediagrams are obtained.
PMD compensation technologies including electronic and optical methods are in discussed detail. The optical PMD compensation scheme is deeply investigated. The Degree of polarization (DOP) feedback signal and PSO searching algorithm are simulated and analyzed.
A novel dual-polarization differential phase shift keying (DP-DPSK) system which takes advantage of both polarization and phase to carry information is simulated. And its performances including spectral efficiency, CD and PMD tolerance are analyzed via numerical simulation and compared with DPSK and DQPSK system.
A novel dual-polarization differential quadrature phase shift keying (DP-DQPSK) system is proposed which does not need polarization de-multiplexing like the conventional PDM-QPSK system. PMD is mainly considered and DOP of the signals is discussed in detail. The results of PMD compensation show that PMD tolerance can be improved by 89ps within 1dB optical signal noise ratio (OSNR) penalty after PMD compensation for the DP-DQPSK system.
Initial information formulas for LDPC decoding applied to DPSK and DQPSK system are deduced and analyzed with Mathematics fitting method.
引文
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[1]Ivan Djordjevic, William Ryan, Bane Vasic, "Coding for Optical Channels'"[J], Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010: 16-18
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[5]Jilei Hou, Paul H. Siegel, Laurence B. Milstein, et al., "Capacity-Approaching Bandwidth-Efficient Coded Modulation Schemes Based on Low-Density Parity-Check Codes"[J], IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY, VOL.49, NO.9, SEPTEMBER 2003:2141-2155
[6]贺鹤云,'LDPC码基础与应用”.北京：人民邮电出版社,2003,130-132
[7]袁建国,毛幼菊,叶文伟,“光通信系统中信道模型与FEC码型构造的分析”[J],半导体光电2008年8月第29卷第4期：571-582
[8]Damien Fafchamps, Georges Rodriguez-Guisantes, Philippe Gallion, "Chi-square statistical models as a good base for the optimisation of optical communication systems"[C], Photonics in Switching,2008. PS 2008. International Conference on
[9]Keang-Po Hoi, and Hsi-Cheng Wang, "Soft-Decoding of Low-Density Parity Check Codes for DPSK Signals"[C], OFC2007, Paper OWE7