小麦早熟突变体的遗传分析及相关基因的SSR定位研究
摘要
研究和利用小麦的早熟性，对于充分利用光热资源、提高复种指数以及提高粮食的周年产量具有重要意义。另外，选育早熟品种对于避开小麦生长后期的病害流行，减轻其的危害也是行之有效的途径之一。因此，国内外许多学者对小麦的早熟性从阶段发育、早熟性遗传、品种分类、相关性分析等诸多方面进行了大量研究，有效地指导了小麦早熟性育种工作。在传统遗传学方法的基础上，结合现代分子生物学技术，从核酸、蛋白分子水平对小麦早熟性进行研究，可以大大加快其研究进程。
本实验以小麦品种“冀师8810”及其早熟突变体“冀师8810-1”[经过正定霉素(0.1-1μg／ml)诱变“冀师8810”成熟胚得到]为亲本，杂交获得其F_1(正交、反交)、F_2、F_3及经过回交建立的BC_1F_2群体，对其进行早熟性调查，以抽穗期作为早熟指标，确定该早熟突变体“冀师8810-1”的遗传由单个隐性核基因控制。
结合群分法，在F_2群体中选取早抽穗和晚抽穗的单株，分别建立DNA池，对该基因进行了SSR分子标记定位，在230对微卫星引物中，引物Xgwm499与早熟性状相连锁，而另一引物Xgwm114则与晚熟性状连锁。利用Joinmap 1.4软件对F_2群体中扩增的统计结果进行遗传距离分析，Xgwm499与控制早抽穗的基因之间的遗传距离为13.4cM，并将该其定位于5BL上；Xgwm114与控制晚抽穗的基因之间的遗传距离为7.1cM，并将该其定位于3BL或3DS上。
Selecting from the natural variation in wheat developed early maturity, which enabled plants to escape hot and dry conditions during late spring. Early maturing wheat varieties also carry high yield potential represent a major boon for wheat producers. From many scholars' researches, it showed that maturity time is important for the adaptability of wheat varieties to different environments, and a complex network of interactions between numerous genes is responsible for the regulation of this important trait. Based on their interactions with environmental signals, these genes can be divided into three broad categories: photoperiod responsive genes (Ppd), vernalization responsive genes (Vm), and 'earliness perse' {Eps) genes. With the molecular biology techniques, more and more genes related to wheat early-maturity would be identified.
In this study, the wheat variety of Jishi8810 were crossed with the early-maturity mutant Jishi8810-1, generating from Jishi8810 which treated with zhengdingmycin(0.1~1 ug/ml), the Fipopulation consisting of Jishi8810-1 X Jishi8810 and Jishi8810X Jishi8810-1 were obtained in current year, the BC1 and F2 population were established in the following year, and the F3 population was derived from the hybrids in the third year. Heading date as the early mature standard, the early mature plant and usual plant were identified. The genetic analysis revealed that the short heading date of early-maturity mutant Jishi8810-1 was probably controlled by one recessive gene.
The simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from wheat were conducted in this research. Wheat genomic DNA pools consisting Jishi8810 and Jishi8810-1 were established respectively with bulk segregate analysis (BSA). Three out of 230 pairs of test primers amplified polymorphic bands in two kinds of wheat genomic DNA pools. Two primer pairs showed the same discriminating results with replications. The microsatellite marker Xgwm499 was linked with the early-mature character, and the primer Xgwm114 was associated with the late heading date. With bio-software
Joinmap1.4, the result indicated that the gene related to early mature character was located on 5BL and the genetic distance between the SSR marker Xgwm499 and this gene was 13.4 cM. The primer Xgwm114 that associated with the late heading date was located on 3BL or 3DS and the genetic distance was 7.1cM.
本实验以小麦品种“冀师8810”及其早熟突变体“冀师8810-1”[经过正定霉素(0.1-1μg／ml)诱变“冀师8810”成熟胚得到]为亲本，杂交获得其F_1(正交、反交)、F_2、F_3及经过回交建立的BC_1F_2群体，对其进行早熟性调查，以抽穗期作为早熟指标，确定该早熟突变体“冀师8810-1”的遗传由单个隐性核基因控制。
结合群分法，在F_2群体中选取早抽穗和晚抽穗的单株，分别建立DNA池，对该基因进行了SSR分子标记定位，在230对微卫星引物中，引物Xgwm499与早熟性状相连锁，而另一引物Xgwm114则与晚熟性状连锁。利用Joinmap 1.4软件对F_2群体中扩增的统计结果进行遗传距离分析，Xgwm499与控制早抽穗的基因之间的遗传距离为13.4cM，并将该其定位于5BL上；Xgwm114与控制晚抽穗的基因之间的遗传距离为7.1cM，并将该其定位于3BL或3DS上。
Selecting from the natural variation in wheat developed early maturity, which enabled plants to escape hot and dry conditions during late spring. Early maturing wheat varieties also carry high yield potential represent a major boon for wheat producers. From many scholars' researches, it showed that maturity time is important for the adaptability of wheat varieties to different environments, and a complex network of interactions between numerous genes is responsible for the regulation of this important trait. Based on their interactions with environmental signals, these genes can be divided into three broad categories: photoperiod responsive genes (Ppd), vernalization responsive genes (Vm), and 'earliness perse' {Eps) genes. With the molecular biology techniques, more and more genes related to wheat early-maturity would be identified.
In this study, the wheat variety of Jishi8810 were crossed with the early-maturity mutant Jishi8810-1, generating from Jishi8810 which treated with zhengdingmycin(0.1~1 ug/ml), the Fipopulation consisting of Jishi8810-1 X Jishi8810 and Jishi8810X Jishi8810-1 were obtained in current year, the BC1 and F2 population were established in the following year, and the F3 population was derived from the hybrids in the third year. Heading date as the early mature standard, the early mature plant and usual plant were identified. The genetic analysis revealed that the short heading date of early-maturity mutant Jishi8810-1 was probably controlled by one recessive gene.
The simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from wheat were conducted in this research. Wheat genomic DNA pools consisting Jishi8810 and Jishi8810-1 were established respectively with bulk segregate analysis (BSA). Three out of 230 pairs of test primers amplified polymorphic bands in two kinds of wheat genomic DNA pools. Two primer pairs showed the same discriminating results with replications. The microsatellite marker Xgwm499 was linked with the early-mature character, and the primer Xgwm114 was associated with the late heading date. With bio-software
Joinmap1.4, the result indicated that the gene related to early mature character was located on 5BL and the genetic distance between the SSR marker Xgwm499 and this gene was 13.4 cM. The primer Xgwm114 that associated with the late heading date was located on 3BL or 3DS and the genetic distance was 7.1cM.
引文
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