汽车碰撞及防撞梁结构优化研究
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摘要
随着汽车数量的增长,交通事故的数量也大量增多,给人类的生命和财产安全带来了严重的危害。因此针对汽车安全技术的研究己成为现代汽车科技研究的重大课题。在大部分汽车碰撞事故中,都要涉及前防撞梁的碰撞。防撞梁系统是汽车车身的重要组成部分,低速碰撞可以吸收冲击能量,撞后可以恢复原状；高速碰撞时,冲击力经过防撞梁系统合理导向车架然后分散给整个车身,可以避免车体局部区域变形过大,从而保证车身和乘客的安全。调查显示,汽车交通事故中正面碰撞占首位。针对这一情况,本课题对汽车碰撞中的正面碰撞进行模拟仿真研究,进而对汽车防撞梁的结构强度进行了分析并对其结构进行了优化。
本文首先依据相关资料建立了JETTA车型包含车架和车身、发动机的三维整车模型,然后将所建模型导入ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件,利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件对汽车与刚性墙进行了100%完全正面碰撞、40%正面偏置碰撞、与柱面正中碰撞三种碰撞,进行了数值模拟计算和分析,得出了碰撞过程中整车变形、位移、速度、加速度和碰撞过程能量耗散等计算结果,并与试验数据进行了对比,验证了仿真模拟的合理性。
综合模拟计算结果,碰撞过程对整车危害最大的是与柱面正中碰撞,其次是正面40%偏置碰撞,最小的是完全正面碰撞。为进一步准确仿真分析汽车碰撞过程提供了参考。
根据对碰撞过程的模拟分析,本文提出了根据碰撞冲击力对防撞梁结构进行强度校核的方法,并对本文建立的较详细的防撞梁和纵梁的几何模型进行了结构强度分析,得出了应力和应变结果,超出了材料的屈服极限,防撞梁有断裂的可能。然后对原防撞梁采用三种方式对结构进行了优化,并对优化结果再次进行了强度校核。优化后,防撞梁所受应力回到材料的屈服极限内,从而证明这一思路的可行性。
With the growth of the amount of automobile, the number of traffic accident is becoming more and more big, and it has brought serious disasters to life and property. So the research of the safe technology of the vehicle has already become an important subject in current studied technology to automobile. Bumper crashes are very common scenes in car crash accidents. Bumper is a very impotant part in car body. On one hand, bumper can absorb impact energy and come back its shape after crash in the ease of low-speed ear crash, on the other hand, wallop will be leaded to whole car through it in the ease of high-speed ear crash, avoiding a great distortion and protecting car and passengers. In the survey, the frontal crash takes the first place in all accidents. Take this understanding, this paper studies the frontal simulation, then analyse the strength of the bumper analys, and optimize structure of the bumper.
This paper first built the jetta car geometric model that contain body、 frame and engine, then the model is imported to ANSYS/LS-DYNA software.The car model is calculated and analysed the crash at Frontal Full Wall, Frontal40%Offset and Frontal cylinder situaion by ANSYS/LS-DYNA software, and got the results of displacement, speed, acceleration and crash energy dissipation. Compared with the test results to verify the accuracy of the simulation results. According to the results, the most harm to the vehicle is Frontal cylinder, minor is Frontal40%Offset, the least is Frontal Full Wall. In this paper, reference resourse was gave to further simulation of car crash..
Summarized the result of simulation of the car crash, this paper put forward a method of checking strength of bumper by crash wallop, and analysed the structure strength of detailed bumper model, got stress and displacement result.The results beyond the limit of the yield of materials, bumper is possible to break. Then, optimized structure of the old bumper with three methods and analysed the structure strength of new bumper.After optimization, bumper stress become less than the limit of the yield of materials. Thus proving the feasibility of optimizing.
本文首先依据相关资料建立了JETTA车型包含车架和车身、发动机的三维整车模型,然后将所建模型导入ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件,利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件对汽车与刚性墙进行了100%完全正面碰撞、40%正面偏置碰撞、与柱面正中碰撞三种碰撞,进行了数值模拟计算和分析,得出了碰撞过程中整车变形、位移、速度、加速度和碰撞过程能量耗散等计算结果,并与试验数据进行了对比,验证了仿真模拟的合理性。
综合模拟计算结果,碰撞过程对整车危害最大的是与柱面正中碰撞,其次是正面40%偏置碰撞,最小的是完全正面碰撞。为进一步准确仿真分析汽车碰撞过程提供了参考。
根据对碰撞过程的模拟分析,本文提出了根据碰撞冲击力对防撞梁结构进行强度校核的方法,并对本文建立的较详细的防撞梁和纵梁的几何模型进行了结构强度分析,得出了应力和应变结果,超出了材料的屈服极限,防撞梁有断裂的可能。然后对原防撞梁采用三种方式对结构进行了优化,并对优化结果再次进行了强度校核。优化后,防撞梁所受应力回到材料的屈服极限内,从而证明这一思路的可行性。
With the growth of the amount of automobile, the number of traffic accident is becoming more and more big, and it has brought serious disasters to life and property. So the research of the safe technology of the vehicle has already become an important subject in current studied technology to automobile. Bumper crashes are very common scenes in car crash accidents. Bumper is a very impotant part in car body. On one hand, bumper can absorb impact energy and come back its shape after crash in the ease of low-speed ear crash, on the other hand, wallop will be leaded to whole car through it in the ease of high-speed ear crash, avoiding a great distortion and protecting car and passengers. In the survey, the frontal crash takes the first place in all accidents. Take this understanding, this paper studies the frontal simulation, then analyse the strength of the bumper analys, and optimize structure of the bumper.
This paper first built the jetta car geometric model that contain body、 frame and engine, then the model is imported to ANSYS/LS-DYNA software.The car model is calculated and analysed the crash at Frontal Full Wall, Frontal40%Offset and Frontal cylinder situaion by ANSYS/LS-DYNA software, and got the results of displacement, speed, acceleration and crash energy dissipation. Compared with the test results to verify the accuracy of the simulation results. According to the results, the most harm to the vehicle is Frontal cylinder, minor is Frontal40%Offset, the least is Frontal Full Wall. In this paper, reference resourse was gave to further simulation of car crash..
Summarized the result of simulation of the car crash, this paper put forward a method of checking strength of bumper by crash wallop, and analysed the structure strength of detailed bumper model, got stress and displacement result.The results beyond the limit of the yield of materials, bumper is possible to break. Then, optimized structure of the old bumper with three methods and analysed the structure strength of new bumper.After optimization, bumper stress become less than the limit of the yield of materials. Thus proving the feasibility of optimizing.
引文
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[2]刘建新,周本宽.汽车碰撞安全保护结构.西南交通大学学报.1997,06：616-620
[3]刘伟香,周忠于.汽车与汽车碰撞交通事故分析模型.汽车科技.2003(5)
[4]曹华龙.汽车碰撞模拟仿真分析.东北大学学位论文.2006
[5]黄世霖,张金换,王晓东.汽车碰撞与安全.汽车与安全.2005,12：68-71
[6]裘新,黄存军,张金换,黄世霖.汽车正撞的数值模拟及试验验证.清华大学学报.1999,02：102-105
[7]亓文果,金先龙.汽车碰撞有限元仿真的并行计算及其性能研究.系统仿真学报.2004,11：2428-2431
[8]张觉慧.汽车碰撞的有限元法及车门的抗撞性研究.同济大学学报(自然科学版).1997(4)：450-454
[9]郭应时,吴晓武.汽车非对称正面碰撞过程模拟.西安公路交通大学学报.1999(2)：80,81,105
[10]蒋晓光,刘星荣.小型客车碰撞特性研究.江苏理工大学学报1999(03)：36-39
[12]陈晓东,尹同耀,朱西产,冯琦,程勇.汽车侧面碰撞计算机仿真方法.汽车工程.2004(1)：65-69
[14]Intaek Lee, Katsutoshi Ainaka,Junji Saiki, Minoru Yubuchi. PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION FOR VEHICLE TO VEHICLE CRASH COMPATIBILITY USING FINITE ELEMENT METHODS.18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV 2003) 18th
[15]朱西产,钟荣华.薄壁直梁件碰撞性能计算机仿真方法的研究.汽车工程.2000,2：85-89
[17]李莉,杨济匡.汽车与行人碰撞的动力学响应仿真研究.计算机仿真.2003,20：49-52
[18]贾宏波,黄金陵.车身碰撞仿真技术在红旗轿车车身开发中的应用.汽车工程.1998,05：32,49-51
[19]B. B. Sahari, M. Mujahid Azni, S. V. Wong, Mohd. Fauzy Ahmad, Y. A. Khalid, A. M. Hamouda. Finite element lateral crash analysis of front natural gas vehicle platform with tank mounting structure. International Journal of Vehicle Safety.2008, 3(2)
[20]Takashi Hasegawa. Study of Vehicle-to-Vehicle Collision Performance Based on Balance of Front End Strength.2007 World Congress
[21]Tomoya Kawasaki, Jun Tsunekawa,Tomoaki Harada,Koji Suzuki. Development of Front-Side Pre-Crash Safety System for Intersection Collisions. Toyota technical review.2010,57(1 TN.226)
[22]Liu, X. T.,Liu, C. H, SHI, S. L., ZHAO, L. H, HUANG, H. The analysis of Front Rail Crash on Mini-bus Chassis.2010 The 2nd International Conference on Computer and Automation Engineering (ICCAE). v.2
[23]WANG Hai - liang, LIN Zhong-qin. Study on optimal design to improve auto-body structural crashworthiness. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology.2005,12(1)
[24]张十宏,尚彦凌.用动态显式有限元法对板料成型进行计算机模拟.塑性工程学报.2001,8(1)：19.24
[25]万鑫铭.汽车驾、乘人员安全气囊有限元模型的建立及其在前碰撞中的应用.湖南大学学位论文,2003
[26]张维刚.汽车碰撞安全性设计与改进技术.湖南大学硕士学位论文.2002
[27]孙宏图.汽车碰撞分析专家系统.大连理工大学硕士学位论文.2002
[28]曹立波.汽车前碰撞安全性的试验与仿真技术研究.湖南大硕士学学位论文.2001
[29]钟志华,张维刚,曹立波,何文.汽车碰撞安全技术.机械工业出版社.2003,42-43
[30]Paul L. Sabol, Frank J. Ferfecki and Gary J, Novak. A Design Procedure for Themoplastic Bumpers. SAE 870109
[31]RonaldP, Nimmer, Orville A. Bailey and Todd W. Paro. Analysis Techniques for the Design of Themoplastie Bumpers. SAE 870107
[32]顾力强.轿车保险杠和金属缓冲吸能结构的耐撞性研究.上海交通大学硕士学位论文.2001
[33]GunterP. S. Mark N. B. and David J. K. Characteristics of Specific Automobile in Low Velocity Impacts. SAE 931993
[34]MOSS. Development of an advanced fillite element model database of the Hybrid I11 crash test dumny family[A]. SAE 97[C]. Beijing:Tsinghua University,1997,34-52.
[35]周忠于,刘伟香.汽车车身结构的布设与安全性研究,机械设计与制造,2003,4：92.93
[36]黄靖.汽车碰撞过程中加速度特征对乘员损伤的影响分析.大连理工大学硕士学位论文.2009
[37]王阳,孙振东.汽车实车碰撞试验方法探讨.汽车研究与开发,2004,(3)：32-34
[38]C. C. LIANG, G. N. LE. ANALYSIS OF BUS ROLLOVER PROTECTION UNDER LEGISLATED STANDARDS USING LS-DYNA SOFTWARE SIMULATION TECHNIQUES. International Journal of Automotive Technology.2010, 11(4)
[39]Zhiqing Cheng, Joseph A. Pellettiere, Jeff R. Crandall, Walter D. Pilkey. Optimal Occupant Kinematics And Crash Pulse For Automobile Frontal Impact. Shock and Vibration.2009, 16(1)
[40]刘学术.汽车碰撞特征参数研究.大连理工大学硕士学位论文.2003
[41]黄世霖,张金换,王晓东等.汽车碰撞与安全.清华大学出版社.2000
[42]胡少良.我国汽车碰撞安全性研究的现状.天津汽车.1995,8(3)：33-35
[43]T. W. KIM,H. Y. JEONG. STOCHASTIC ANALYSIS OF THE VARIATION IN INJURY NUMBERS OF AUTOMOBILE FRONTAL CRASH TESTS. International Journal of Automotive Technology. 2010,11(4)
[44]Curry, Richard E.,Lambert, James H., Haimes, Yacov Y. Comparison of two models evaluating automobile safety features. Journal of Transportation Engineering.1999,125(2)
[45]顾力强,林忠欣.国内外汽车碰撞计算机模拟研究的现状及趋势.汽车工程.1999,21(1)：1-9
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