双相钢吸能模拟研究及在车身零件设计中的应用
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摘要
随着当今科技的快速发展，人们对材料性能分析预测的准确性要求越来越高，传统的从宏观上对材料结构进行性能分析有时已经难以达到我们的要求，这是由于在宏观状态下，材料一般表现出性能分布的均匀性，而当在微观状态下，由于晶相分布、加工工艺等原因，材料就会表现出性能分布的不均匀性，尤其是在微结构状态下，有时材料性能分布的不均匀性就会表现的较为明显，另外在微观晶相状态下由于性能分布的不均匀性材料的损伤破坏也会表现的与宏观状态下有所不同。另外在汽车轻量化的趋势下，双相钢由于其良好的性能得到了广泛应用，双相钢是典型的由两相构成的材料，研究其为微观晶相条件下的性能具有很大意义。
本文正是以此为出发点和突破口，探讨了材料微观晶相组织的建模方法，并利用这种方法对双相钢进行微观晶相组织建模，然后利用这种双相钢晶相组织建模仿真的方法进行双相钢吸能模拟的研究，探讨双相钢在不同马氏体含量下的吸能特性表现，并将结果应用在汽车零部件中进行模拟分析，指导双相钢在汽车零部件设计中的应用及优化。
本文首先介绍了相关学科的发展情况以及研究基础，继而提出了一种基于Voronoi理论的金属材料二维微观晶相组织建模方法，并将这种方法应用到双相钢的二维微观晶相组织建模当中去，建立了双相钢的微观晶相分析模型，形成了完整的建模到分析的流程，探讨了损伤准则的选用等要点。进一步的，利用前面形成的双相钢晶相建模分析方法，建立了系列模型，分析了不同马氏体比例下双相钢吸能的效果，得出了吸能最优时的铁素体以及马氏体两相的配比。最后将双相钢吸能效果分析得到的一些典型两相配比条件下材料力学性能赋值到建立的汽车保险杠模型中，进行碰撞分析，检验其吸能效果，同时反馈前面微观晶相建模的效果。
本文通过建立完整的一套从材料的微观晶相组织建模、分析、应用的流程，不仅在双相钢的吸能优化上得到了良好的效果，也为相关的微观建模仿真提供了一种可以借鉴的方法。
With the rapid development of science and technology, we pay more andmore attention to the accuracy of information analysis and prediction onmaterial properties. It is difficult to meet our requirements that thetraditional performance analysis is based on macroscopic structure ofmaterial.It is due to that macro-state materials generally show a uniformdistribution of performance.
While the material will show the uneven distribution of performance.Especially in the micro-structural state.Because of the microscopic stateof the crystalline phase distribution, processing, and so on. Sandsometimes material properties the uneven distribution will show obviousaddition. Micro-crystalline phase state due to the uneven distribution ofperformance material damage destruction will be the performance of themacro-state is different. What’s more, dual-phase steel has been widelydue to its good performance currently. It is said that dual-phase steelis a typical materials based on two-phase composition. So this researchis significant under the micro-phase e conditions.
This paper regards this as the starting point and breakthrough.Discusses the modeling method of micro crystal organization, and uses thismethod to organize modeling on duplex steel micro crystalling phase, and do some related properties.
Firstly, this paper introduces the development about related subjectand proposing a modeling method of two-dimensional micro-crystallinephase based on voronoi's theory.And this method is applied to organizationmodeling of the duplex steel two-dimensional micro-crystalline phase,which established a micro-crystalline phase analysis model of dual phasesteels and formed a complete process form modeling to analysizing,anddiscuss the selection of damage criterionand so on.Furthmore,I have drawnthe the optimal proportion of absorbing energy in martensite and ferrite.Byanalyzing absorption effect of the martensite under different proportion.
Finally, mechanical properties of material under some typicalproportion is set up for auto-bumper, and the model collision is analyzed,which tests energy absorption efficiency and feedbacking the effect offormer modeling in micro crystalling phase.
This paper presents a whole process which involves a wide range ofmodeling method of micro crystal organization, analyse,and application.So it not only gets good performance on energy absorption and provides usa new method about micro-modeling simulation.
本文正是以此为出发点和突破口，探讨了材料微观晶相组织的建模方法，并利用这种方法对双相钢进行微观晶相组织建模，然后利用这种双相钢晶相组织建模仿真的方法进行双相钢吸能模拟的研究，探讨双相钢在不同马氏体含量下的吸能特性表现，并将结果应用在汽车零部件中进行模拟分析，指导双相钢在汽车零部件设计中的应用及优化。
本文首先介绍了相关学科的发展情况以及研究基础，继而提出了一种基于Voronoi理论的金属材料二维微观晶相组织建模方法，并将这种方法应用到双相钢的二维微观晶相组织建模当中去，建立了双相钢的微观晶相分析模型，形成了完整的建模到分析的流程，探讨了损伤准则的选用等要点。进一步的，利用前面形成的双相钢晶相建模分析方法，建立了系列模型，分析了不同马氏体比例下双相钢吸能的效果，得出了吸能最优时的铁素体以及马氏体两相的配比。最后将双相钢吸能效果分析得到的一些典型两相配比条件下材料力学性能赋值到建立的汽车保险杠模型中，进行碰撞分析，检验其吸能效果，同时反馈前面微观晶相建模的效果。
本文通过建立完整的一套从材料的微观晶相组织建模、分析、应用的流程，不仅在双相钢的吸能优化上得到了良好的效果，也为相关的微观建模仿真提供了一种可以借鉴的方法。
With the rapid development of science and technology, we pay more andmore attention to the accuracy of information analysis and prediction onmaterial properties. It is difficult to meet our requirements that thetraditional performance analysis is based on macroscopic structure ofmaterial.It is due to that macro-state materials generally show a uniformdistribution of performance.
While the material will show the uneven distribution of performance.Especially in the micro-structural state.Because of the microscopic stateof the crystalline phase distribution, processing, and so on. Sandsometimes material properties the uneven distribution will show obviousaddition. Micro-crystalline phase state due to the uneven distribution ofperformance material damage destruction will be the performance of themacro-state is different. What’s more, dual-phase steel has been widelydue to its good performance currently. It is said that dual-phase steelis a typical materials based on two-phase composition. So this researchis significant under the micro-phase e conditions.
This paper regards this as the starting point and breakthrough.Discusses the modeling method of micro crystal organization, and uses thismethod to organize modeling on duplex steel micro crystalling phase, and do some related properties.
Firstly, this paper introduces the development about related subjectand proposing a modeling method of two-dimensional micro-crystallinephase based on voronoi's theory.And this method is applied to organizationmodeling of the duplex steel two-dimensional micro-crystalline phase,which established a micro-crystalline phase analysis model of dual phasesteels and formed a complete process form modeling to analysizing,anddiscuss the selection of damage criterionand so on.Furthmore,I have drawnthe the optimal proportion of absorbing energy in martensite and ferrite.Byanalyzing absorption effect of the martensite under different proportion.
Finally, mechanical properties of material under some typicalproportion is set up for auto-bumper, and the model collision is analyzed,which tests energy absorption efficiency and feedbacking the effect offormer modeling in micro crystalling phase.
This paper presents a whole process which involves a wide range ofmodeling method of micro crystal organization, analyse,and application.So it not only gets good performance on energy absorption and provides usa new method about micro-modeling simulation.
引文
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[4]冯美斌.汽车轻量化技术中新材料的发展及应用[J].汽车工程,2006,3：213-220.
[5]范军锋,陈铭.中国汽车轻量化之路初探[J].铸造,2006,55(10):995-998,1003.
[6]马鸣图.先进汽车用钢[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2008.
[7]朱铮．汽车用高强度钢板的开发应用和发展前景[J]．钢铁，2000，35,11：67．
[8]叶平，沈剑平，王光耀等．汽车轻量化用高强度钢现状及其发展趋势[J]．机械工程材料，2006，30(3)：4-7．
[9]马鸣图，吴宝榕.双相钢：物理和力学冶金(第2版)[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2009.
[10] M. Y. DEMERI. The Formability of a Dual Phase Steel[J]. METALLURGICALTRANSACTIONS A,1981,7：1187-1196.
[11]张梅，符仁钰，许洛萍．汽车用双相钢钢板的发展[J]．热处理，2001,1：5-8．
[12] G.S.Cole, A.M.Sherman. Lightweight Materials for Automotive Applications[J].MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION,1995,35:3-9.
[13] W. Zhuang&S. Wang&J. Cao&J. Lin&Ch. Hartl. Modelling of localised thinningfeatures in the hydroforming of micro-tubes using the crystal-plasticity FE method[J]. Int J Adv Manuf Technol,2009,5.
[14] Shiwen Wang&Weimin Zhuang&Jian Cao&Jianguo Lin. An investigation of springbackscatter in forming ultra-thin metal-sheet channel parts using crystal plasticity FEanalysis[J]. Int J Adv Manuf Technol,2010,47:845-852.
[15]党淑峨.双相钢的研究现状及应用前景[J].山西机械，2002，(14)：l4-l8．
[16]康永林，邝霜，尹显东,于浩,刘仁东.汽车用双相钢板的开发与研究进展[J].汽车工艺与材料,2006,5:1-5.
[17]黄群飞，何燕霖，李麟.高性能双相钢的研究进展[J].热处理技术与装备,2007,6：11-14.
[18] Rocha R O．et a1． Microstructural Evolution at the Initial Stages of ContinuousAnnealing of Cold Rolled Dual—Phase Steel[J]． Materials Science and EngineeringA，2005，(391)：296—304．
[19] K.S.CHOI, W.N. LIU,X.SUN, and M.A. KHALEEL. Influence of Martensite MechanicalProperties on Failure Mode and Ductility of Dual-Phase Steels[J]. METALLURGICAL ANDMATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A,2009,4：796-809.
[20]吴晶,杨庆祥,张春玲.耐候双相钢应力-应变曲线数值模拟[C].2005年全国计算材料、模拟与图像分析学术会议论文集,2005.
[21]杨庆祥,吴晶,赵宏,Park Joong-keun.双相不锈钢应力应变曲线数值模拟[J].材料热处理学报,2005.10:124-128.
[22]J.SCHWERTEL,H.STAMM. Analysis and modeling of tessellations by means of imageanalysis methods[J]. JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY,1997,5:198-209.
[23] T.Kiang.Random Fragmentationin Two and Three Dimension[J].Zeitschrift fürAstrophysik,1966,64:433-439.
[24] G. Cailletaud,S.Forest,D.Jeulin,F.Feyel,I.Galliet,V.Mounoury, S. Quilici. Someelements of microstructural mechanics[J]. Computational Materials Science,2003,27:351-374.
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