玉米-豆粕日粮添加微生物酶对肉仔鸡生产性能、消化代谢及免疫功能的影响
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摘要
试验按单因子设计，选用288羽AA肉仔鸡，随机分成4组，即I组（对照组）、Ⅱ组（低微生物酶活组）、Ⅲ组（中微生物酶活组）、IV组（高微生物酶活组）；每组6个重复，每个重复12羽（公母各半）。配制玉米?豆粕型基础日粮，日粮中微生物酶添加量为0.1％，研究添加微生物酶对肉仔鸡生长性能、消化代谢及免疫功能的影响。试验结果表明，在肉仔鸡玉米?豆粕日粮中添加微生物酶：
1．提高日增重，降低采食量和料重比。II组、Ⅲ组和IV组与Ⅰ组比较，前期（0～3周）：日增重分别提高2.94％、3.84％（p<0.05）和2.77％（p<0.05）；日采食量分别降低3.63％（p<0.05）、4.14％（p<0.01）和5.43％（p<0.01）；料重比分别降低6.85％（p<0.05）、8.22％（p<0.01）和8.22％（p<0.01）。后期（4～6周）：日增重分别提高1.23％，2.38％和2.99％；日采食量分别降低2.98％、3.64％和5.74％（p<0.05）；料重比分别降低4.05％、6.31％（p<0.05）和8.56％（p<0.01）。全期（0～6周）日增重分别提高1.72％、2.82％和2.91％；日采食量分别降低3.29％、3.93％和5.85％（p<0.05）；料重比分别降低4.64％、6.70％（p<0.05）和8.25％（p<0.01）。
2．提高日粮干物质、能量和粗蛋白的代谢率。II组、Ⅲ组和IV组与Ⅰ组比较，干物质代谢率分别提高0.49％、0.56％和1.22％；能量代谢率分别提高0.20％、0.20％和1.63％；粗蛋白代谢率分别提高2.48％、3.57％和3.07％，但差异均不显著（p>0.01）。
3．提高肉仔鸡的免疫器官指数。II组、Ⅲ组和IV组与Ⅰ组比较，21日龄：脾脏相对重量分别提高7.59％、8.86％和7.59％；胸腺相对重量分别提高9.49％、2.37％和14.24％（p<0.05）；法氏囊相对重量分别提高30.77％（p<0.05）、19.62％（p<0.05）和27.69％（p<0.01）。42日龄：脾脏相对重量分别提高3.76％、6.02％和12.03％；胸腺相对重量分别提高23.82％（p<0.05）、43.16％（p<0.01）和29.01％（p<0.01）；法氏囊相对重量分别提高10.93％、15.30％和25.68％（p<0.05）。
4. 提高龄肉仔鸡血清抗体IgG含量。II组、Ⅲ组和IV组与Ⅰ组比较，21日龄分别提高1.66 ％、3.65％和 2.33 ％。42日龄分别2.32 ％、10.26％和 9.93％。但差异均不显著（p>0.05）。
5. 提高肉仔鸡的血液新城疫抗体效价（HI）。II组、Ⅲ组和IV组与Ⅰ组比较，21日龄分别提高0％、3.34％和2.78％；42日龄分别提高0.81％、1.77％和 2.25 ％。但差异均不显著（p>0.05）。
6．提高肉仔鸡的血清总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白含量的含量。II组、Ⅲ组和IV组与Ⅰ组比较，21日龄血清总蛋白含量分别提高11.32％（p<0.05）、17.58％（p<0.01）和
13.19％（p<0.05）；血清白蛋白含量分别提高4.15％、7.17％和8.30％；血清球蛋白含量分别提高14.11％（p<0.05）、21.86％（p<0.01）和15.19％。42日龄血清总蛋白含量分别提高1.70％、4.15％和3.02％；血清白蛋白含量分别提高0.71％、6.41％和3.20％；血清球蛋白含量分别提高2.05％、3.34％和2.95％。
7． 提高肉仔鸡的血磷、血钙的含量。II组、Ⅲ组和IV组与Ⅰ组比较，21日龄血磷含量分别提高4.79％、21.81％（p<0.05）和7.45％；血钙含量分别提高2.43％、7.28％和8.25％（p<0.05）。42日龄血磷含量分别提高8.70％、7.25％和8.21％；血钙含量分别提高了﹣1.75％、1.72％和2.15％。
This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of microbial enzyme on performance, metabolism and immuno?function with broilers fed with typical corn?soybean basal diets. Two hundred and eighty eight 1?day?old broilers were divided into 4 groups randomly，each containing 6 replicates and 12 chicken per replicate (6 males and 6 females): Group Ⅰ (control group), group Ⅱ (low activity of microbial enzyme), group Ⅲ (middle activity of microbial enzyme) and group Ⅳ (high activity of microbial enzyme).The results indicate that adding 0.1％ microbial enzyme to corn?soybean diets:
1. Improved average daily gain (ADG), and decreased feed intake (FI) and feed /gain (F/G). Group Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ compared with group Ⅰ,in 0～3 weeks, ADG increased by 2.94％，3.84％ (p<0.05) and 2.77％ (p<0.05) respectively；FI decreased by 3.63％ (p<0.05), 4.14％ (p<0.01) and 5.43％ (p<0.01) respectively, F/G decreased by 6.85％ (p<0.05), 8.22％ (p<0.01) and 8.22％ (p<0.01) respectively. In 4～6 weeks, ADG increased by 1.23％，2.38％ and 2.99％ respectively；FI decreased by 2.98％, 3.64％ and 5.74％(p<0.05) respectively, F/G decreased by 4.05％, 6.31％ (p<0.05) and 8.56％ (p<0.01) respectively. In 0～6 weeks, ADG increased by 1.72％, 2.82％ and 2.91％ respectively；FI decreased by 3.29％, 3.93％ and 5.85％(p<0.05) respectively, F/G decreased by 4.64％, 6.70％(p<0.05) and 8.25％(p<0.01) respectively.
2．Improved the apparent metabolic rate of dry matter, energy and crude protein. Group Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ compared with group Ⅰ, the apparent metabolic rate of dry matter increased by 0.49％, 0.56％ and 1.22％ respectively, the apparent metabolic rate of energy increased by 0.20％, 0.20％ and 1.63％ respectively, the apparent metabolic rate of crude protein increased by 2.48％, 3.51％ and 3.07％ respectively. But all differences were not significant (p>0.05).
3. Improved the index of immune organ. Group Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ compared with group Ⅰ,on 21st day ,the weight of spleen increased by 7.59％, 8.86％ and 7.59％ respectively, the weight of thymus increased by 9.49％, 2.37％ and 14.24％ (p<0.05) respectively, the weight of fabricius bursa increased by 30.77％ (p<0.05),19.62％ (p<0.05) and 27.69％ (p<0.01) respectively；on 42nd day, the weight of spleen increased by 3.76％, 6.02％ and 12.03％ respectively, the weight of thymus increased by 23.82％ (p<0.05), 43.16％ (p<0.01) and 29.01％ (p<0.01) respectively, the
weight of fabricius bursa increased by 10.93％, 15.30％ and 25.68％ (p<0.05) respectively.
4. Improved the content of IgG in serum. Group Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ compared with group Ⅰ, the content of IgG increased by 1.66％, 3.65％ and 2.33％ respectively on the 21st day, and increased by 2.32％, 10.26％ and 9.93％ respectively on the 42nd day. But differences were not significant (p>0.05).
5. Improved the content of HI in blood. Group Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ compared with group Ⅰ, the content of HI increased by 0％, 3.34％ and 2.78％ respectively on the 21st days, and increased by 0.81％, 1.77％ and 2.25％ respectively on the 42nd days. But the differences were not significant (p>0.05).
6. Improved the content of TP, ALB and GLOB in serum. Group Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ compared with group Ⅰ, on the 21st day ,the content of TP increased by 11.32％ (p<0.01),17.58％ (p<0.01) and 13.19％ (p<0.05) respectively, the content of ALB increased by 4.15％, 7.17％ and 8.30％ respectively, the content of GLOB increased by 14.11％(p<0.05) , 21.86％ (p<0.01) and 15.19％ respectively; on the 42nd day, the content of TP increased by 1.70％, 4.15％ and 3.02％ respectively, the content of ALB increased by 0.71％, 6.41％ and 3.20％ respectively, and the content of GLOB increased by 2.05％, 3.34％ and 2.95％ respectively.
7. Improved the content of phosphorus and calcium in blood. Group Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ compared with group Ⅰ, on the 21st day ,the content of phosphorus in blood increased by 4.79％, 21.81％ (p<0.05) and 7.45％ respectively, the content of calcium in blood increased by 2.43％, 7.28％ and 8.25％ (p<0.05) respectively; on the 42nd day, the content of phosphoru
1．提高日增重，降低采食量和料重比。II组、Ⅲ组和IV组与Ⅰ组比较，前期（0～3周）：日增重分别提高2.94％、3.84％（p<0.05）和2.77％（p<0.05）；日采食量分别降低3.63％（p<0.05）、4.14％（p<0.01）和5.43％（p<0.01）；料重比分别降低6.85％（p<0.05）、8.22％（p<0.01）和8.22％（p<0.01）。后期（4～6周）：日增重分别提高1.23％，2.38％和2.99％；日采食量分别降低2.98％、3.64％和5.74％（p<0.05）；料重比分别降低4.05％、6.31％（p<0.05）和8.56％（p<0.01）。全期（0～6周）日增重分别提高1.72％、2.82％和2.91％；日采食量分别降低3.29％、3.93％和5.85％（p<0.05）；料重比分别降低4.64％、6.70％（p<0.05）和8.25％（p<0.01）。
2．提高日粮干物质、能量和粗蛋白的代谢率。II组、Ⅲ组和IV组与Ⅰ组比较，干物质代谢率分别提高0.49％、0.56％和1.22％；能量代谢率分别提高0.20％、0.20％和1.63％；粗蛋白代谢率分别提高2.48％、3.57％和3.07％，但差异均不显著（p>0.01）。
3．提高肉仔鸡的免疫器官指数。II组、Ⅲ组和IV组与Ⅰ组比较，21日龄：脾脏相对重量分别提高7.59％、8.86％和7.59％；胸腺相对重量分别提高9.49％、2.37％和14.24％（p<0.05）；法氏囊相对重量分别提高30.77％（p<0.05）、19.62％（p<0.05）和27.69％（p<0.01）。42日龄：脾脏相对重量分别提高3.76％、6.02％和12.03％；胸腺相对重量分别提高23.82％（p<0.05）、43.16％（p<0.01）和29.01％（p<0.01）；法氏囊相对重量分别提高10.93％、15.30％和25.68％（p<0.05）。
4. 提高龄肉仔鸡血清抗体IgG含量。II组、Ⅲ组和IV组与Ⅰ组比较，21日龄分别提高1.66 ％、3.65％和 2.33 ％。42日龄分别2.32 ％、10.26％和 9.93％。但差异均不显著（p>0.05）。
5. 提高肉仔鸡的血液新城疫抗体效价（HI）。II组、Ⅲ组和IV组与Ⅰ组比较，21日龄分别提高0％、3.34％和2.78％；42日龄分别提高0.81％、1.77％和 2.25 ％。但差异均不显著（p>0.05）。
6．提高肉仔鸡的血清总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白含量的含量。II组、Ⅲ组和IV组与Ⅰ组比较，21日龄血清总蛋白含量分别提高11.32％（p<0.05）、17.58％（p<0.01）和
13.19％（p<0.05）；血清白蛋白含量分别提高4.15％、7.17％和8.30％；血清球蛋白含量分别提高14.11％（p<0.05）、21.86％（p<0.01）和15.19％。42日龄血清总蛋白含量分别提高1.70％、4.15％和3.02％；血清白蛋白含量分别提高0.71％、6.41％和3.20％；血清球蛋白含量分别提高2.05％、3.34％和2.95％。
7． 提高肉仔鸡的血磷、血钙的含量。II组、Ⅲ组和IV组与Ⅰ组比较，21日龄血磷含量分别提高4.79％、21.81％（p<0.05）和7.45％；血钙含量分别提高2.43％、7.28％和8.25％（p<0.05）。42日龄血磷含量分别提高8.70％、7.25％和8.21％；血钙含量分别提高了﹣1.75％、1.72％和2.15％。
This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of microbial enzyme on performance, metabolism and immuno?function with broilers fed with typical corn?soybean basal diets. Two hundred and eighty eight 1?day?old broilers were divided into 4 groups randomly，each containing 6 replicates and 12 chicken per replicate (6 males and 6 females): Group Ⅰ (control group), group Ⅱ (low activity of microbial enzyme), group Ⅲ (middle activity of microbial enzyme) and group Ⅳ (high activity of microbial enzyme).The results indicate that adding 0.1％ microbial enzyme to corn?soybean diets:
1. Improved average daily gain (ADG), and decreased feed intake (FI) and feed /gain (F/G). Group Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ compared with group Ⅰ,in 0～3 weeks, ADG increased by 2.94％，3.84％ (p<0.05) and 2.77％ (p<0.05) respectively；FI decreased by 3.63％ (p<0.05), 4.14％ (p<0.01) and 5.43％ (p<0.01) respectively, F/G decreased by 6.85％ (p<0.05), 8.22％ (p<0.01) and 8.22％ (p<0.01) respectively. In 4～6 weeks, ADG increased by 1.23％，2.38％ and 2.99％ respectively；FI decreased by 2.98％, 3.64％ and 5.74％(p<0.05) respectively, F/G decreased by 4.05％, 6.31％ (p<0.05) and 8.56％ (p<0.01) respectively. In 0～6 weeks, ADG increased by 1.72％, 2.82％ and 2.91％ respectively；FI decreased by 3.29％, 3.93％ and 5.85％(p<0.05) respectively, F/G decreased by 4.64％, 6.70％(p<0.05) and 8.25％(p<0.01) respectively.
2．Improved the apparent metabolic rate of dry matter, energy and crude protein. Group Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ compared with group Ⅰ, the apparent metabolic rate of dry matter increased by 0.49％, 0.56％ and 1.22％ respectively, the apparent metabolic rate of energy increased by 0.20％, 0.20％ and 1.63％ respectively, the apparent metabolic rate of crude protein increased by 2.48％, 3.51％ and 3.07％ respectively. But all differences were not significant (p>0.05).
3. Improved the index of immune organ. Group Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ compared with group Ⅰ,on 21st day ,the weight of spleen increased by 7.59％, 8.86％ and 7.59％ respectively, the weight of thymus increased by 9.49％, 2.37％ and 14.24％ (p<0.05) respectively, the weight of fabricius bursa increased by 30.77％ (p<0.05),19.62％ (p<0.05) and 27.69％ (p<0.01) respectively；on 42nd day, the weight of spleen increased by 3.76％, 6.02％ and 12.03％ respectively, the weight of thymus increased by 23.82％ (p<0.05), 43.16％ (p<0.01) and 29.01％ (p<0.01) respectively, the
weight of fabricius bursa increased by 10.93％, 15.30％ and 25.68％ (p<0.05) respectively.
4. Improved the content of IgG in serum. Group Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ compared with group Ⅰ, the content of IgG increased by 1.66％, 3.65％ and 2.33％ respectively on the 21st day, and increased by 2.32％, 10.26％ and 9.93％ respectively on the 42nd day. But differences were not significant (p>0.05).
5. Improved the content of HI in blood. Group Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ compared with group Ⅰ, the content of HI increased by 0％, 3.34％ and 2.78％ respectively on the 21st days, and increased by 0.81％, 1.77％ and 2.25％ respectively on the 42nd days. But the differences were not significant (p>0.05).
6. Improved the content of TP, ALB and GLOB in serum. Group Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ compared with group Ⅰ, on the 21st day ,the content of TP increased by 11.32％ (p<0.01),17.58％ (p<0.01) and 13.19％ (p<0.05) respectively, the content of ALB increased by 4.15％, 7.17％ and 8.30％ respectively, the content of GLOB increased by 14.11％(p<0.05) , 21.86％ (p<0.01) and 15.19％ respectively; on the 42nd day, the content of TP increased by 1.70％, 4.15％ and 3.02％ respectively, the content of ALB increased by 0.71％, 6.41％ and 3.20％ respectively, and the content of GLOB increased by 2.05％, 3.34％ and 2.95％ respectively.
7. Improved the content of phosphorus and calcium in blood. Group Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ compared with group Ⅰ, on the 21st day ,the content of phosphorus in blood increased by 4.79％, 21.81％ (p<0.05) and 7.45％ respectively, the content of calcium in blood increased by 2.43％, 7.28％ and 8.25％ (p<0.05) respectively; on the 42nd day, the content of phosphoru
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