波浪作用下堤前冲淤形态的数值模拟研究
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摘要
防波堤及护岸等海岸建筑物周围海床的冲刷涉及建筑物本身的安全,是设计和建设中必须重点考虑的问题之一。本文针对直立防波堤和斜坡防波堤,重点研究了波浪作用下的堤前冲淤及相关的问题。
本文回顾了底床冲淤变形的发展状况,建立了数值模型用以模拟流体与多孔介质的相互作用。多孔介质以外的流体运动以雷诺平均纳维斯托克斯描述,相应紊流场采用改进的k-ε方程描述;多孔介质内部的流体运动采用空间平均纳维斯托克斯方程描述,多孔介质内固体颗粒对水流产生的拖曳力由线性和非线性经验公式表达。模型采用通用的VOF法处理自由表面,以人工孔隙率法处理底床与水流的交界面,可模拟极端条件下任意地形的冲淤演变。
本文通过试验,研究了规则波作用下的堤前冲淤,改进了泥沙输沙量的测量方法,试验的结果与其他学者的结果吻合良好。
本文建立了一个模拟防波堤前波浪作用下的数值波浪水槽,通过对直立堤和斜坡堤在规则波作用下堤前流场的数值模拟,结合物理模型试验,验证了数值模型的正确性。通过讨论泥沙起动流速和推移质输沙率公式的选取,建立了一个波浪作用下推移质输沙数学模型。使用本模型模拟了驻波作用下推移质输沙的底床变形,并与试验数据进行对比,验证了模型所用描述起动流速的经验公式和推移质输沙率公式的正确性。本模型不仅反映流场对底床的冲淤作用,且能实时体现底床变形对流场的改变,实现二者的基本耦合。本文总结了底床泥沙为相对粗纱时堤前泥沙的运动的机理、过程和最终的冲淤形态。
The scours around coastal structures,such as breakwaters and seawalls,would threaten the safety of structures,and must be considered carefully in the course of designing and constructing. In view of the vertical breakwater and the sloping ones,the scouring and silting in front of breakwaters and other correlative problems under the regular wave are investigated.
A numerical model is built to simulate water flow interaction with porous structures. The numerical model calculates the mean flow outside of porous structures based on the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The corresponding turbulence field is modeled by an improved k-εmodel. The flow in porous structures is described by the spatially averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The drag force caused by the presence of a solid skeleton are modeled by the empirical linear and nonlinear frictional forms. Model adopted the well-known Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) method to track the free surface. The irregular bottom geometry is handled by the artificial porosity in the interface cell. The model is able to simulate bed scouring with a general shape under the influence of extreme conditions.
Through the experiment,the scouring and sliting in front of a vertical breakwater under the action of regular waves and standing waves are studied. By means of improving the amount of sediment discharge measurement method, the results are in good agreement with the results of other scholars.
In this paper, a simulation of breakwater under wave action prior to the numerical wave flume, through the embankment and the slope of the vertical breakwater under regular waves in the embankment of the former flow field numerical simulation, combined with the physical model tests to verify the correctness of the numerical model. Through discussions and the incipient velocity of sediment bed load transport rate formula for the selection, establishment of a wave under the mathematical model of bed load transport. Use of the standing wave model to simulate the effect of bed load transport of bed deformation, and compared with experimental data, validation of the model used to describe the experience of starting velocity formula and formula for bed load transport rate is correct. This model not only reflects the flow field of erosion and deposition on the role of bed, bed deformation can reflect the real-time changes in flow field, the realization of the basic coupling between the two. This paper summarizes the sediment bed frame for when the dike before the relative movement of the mechanism of sediment, erosion and deposition process and the final shape.
本文回顾了底床冲淤变形的发展状况,建立了数值模型用以模拟流体与多孔介质的相互作用。多孔介质以外的流体运动以雷诺平均纳维斯托克斯描述,相应紊流场采用改进的k-ε方程描述;多孔介质内部的流体运动采用空间平均纳维斯托克斯方程描述,多孔介质内固体颗粒对水流产生的拖曳力由线性和非线性经验公式表达。模型采用通用的VOF法处理自由表面,以人工孔隙率法处理底床与水流的交界面,可模拟极端条件下任意地形的冲淤演变。
本文通过试验,研究了规则波作用下的堤前冲淤,改进了泥沙输沙量的测量方法,试验的结果与其他学者的结果吻合良好。
本文建立了一个模拟防波堤前波浪作用下的数值波浪水槽,通过对直立堤和斜坡堤在规则波作用下堤前流场的数值模拟,结合物理模型试验,验证了数值模型的正确性。通过讨论泥沙起动流速和推移质输沙率公式的选取,建立了一个波浪作用下推移质输沙数学模型。使用本模型模拟了驻波作用下推移质输沙的底床变形,并与试验数据进行对比,验证了模型所用描述起动流速的经验公式和推移质输沙率公式的正确性。本模型不仅反映流场对底床的冲淤作用,且能实时体现底床变形对流场的改变,实现二者的基本耦合。本文总结了底床泥沙为相对粗纱时堤前泥沙的运动的机理、过程和最终的冲淤形态。
The scours around coastal structures,such as breakwaters and seawalls,would threaten the safety of structures,and must be considered carefully in the course of designing and constructing. In view of the vertical breakwater and the sloping ones,the scouring and silting in front of breakwaters and other correlative problems under the regular wave are investigated.
A numerical model is built to simulate water flow interaction with porous structures. The numerical model calculates the mean flow outside of porous structures based on the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The corresponding turbulence field is modeled by an improved k-εmodel. The flow in porous structures is described by the spatially averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The drag force caused by the presence of a solid skeleton are modeled by the empirical linear and nonlinear frictional forms. Model adopted the well-known Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) method to track the free surface. The irregular bottom geometry is handled by the artificial porosity in the interface cell. The model is able to simulate bed scouring with a general shape under the influence of extreme conditions.
Through the experiment,the scouring and sliting in front of a vertical breakwater under the action of regular waves and standing waves are studied. By means of improving the amount of sediment discharge measurement method, the results are in good agreement with the results of other scholars.
In this paper, a simulation of breakwater under wave action prior to the numerical wave flume, through the embankment and the slope of the vertical breakwater under regular waves in the embankment of the former flow field numerical simulation, combined with the physical model tests to verify the correctness of the numerical model. Through discussions and the incipient velocity of sediment bed load transport rate formula for the selection, establishment of a wave under the mathematical model of bed load transport. Use of the standing wave model to simulate the effect of bed load transport of bed deformation, and compared with experimental data, validation of the model used to describe the experience of starting velocity formula and formula for bed load transport rate is correct. This model not only reflects the flow field of erosion and deposition on the role of bed, bed deformation can reflect the real-time changes in flow field, the realization of the basic coupling between the two. This paper summarizes the sediment bed frame for when the dike before the relative movement of the mechanism of sediment, erosion and deposition process and the final shape.
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