安徽庐枞盆地大矾山明矾石矿床地质特征及成因研究
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摘要
庐枞盆地为长江中下游坳陷带中的中生代继承式陆相火山岩盆地,地处扬子板块北缘,呈NE向紧邻郯庐断裂展布。该区既有丰富的金属矿产资源,又有丰富的非金属矿产。庐枞盆地明矾石资源储量居全国第二,是我国明矾石成矿的一级远景区。大矾山明矾石矿床是该区最大的明矾石矿床,明矾石矿产品除明矾外,其综合利用前景广阔。
本论文选择大矾山明矾石矿床作为主要研究对象,通过岩相学研究、流体包裹体显微测温分析、矿物电子探针分析、形态学研究、同位素测年,结合野外地质特征,对明矾石矿床的地球化学特征、物理化学条件、明矾石的成矿过程及形成模式进行了讨论。得出的主要结论如下:
大矾山明矾石矿床的成矿时代介于砖桥旋回和双庙旋回之间;成矿作用有两种类型,产生两种不同类型的明矾石矿石,明矾石-黄铁矿矿石产于岩浆热液环境中,明矾石-高岭石矿石产于蒸汽-加热环境。
明矾石矿物中包裹体均一温度为260-290℃;盐度为3.6%;压力为36.4×10~5～53.7×10~5Pa;为酸性、氧化的环境中形成的。
成矿元素Al、K主要来自于火山岩地层。由于强烈的酸性硫酸盐蚀变,围岩中的钾长石和火山玻璃被改造,释放出成矿元素,促进了明矾石的形成。同位素分析表明矿床中的硫来自于火山作用后期的岩浆热液。
成矿流体早期以岩浆热液为主,形成深部含黄铁矿明矾石矿体;晚期热液中有大气水的加入,形成浅部明矾石-高岭石矿体。流体向酸性减弱的方向演化。
矿床具有明显的蚀变分带特征,核部为硅化带,向外依次为硅化-明矾石化带、高岭土化带、绢云母-绿泥石化带。蚀变分带是由于酸性热液在火山作用过程中酸度逐渐降低形成的。
基于以上的结论,并与典型的高硫型浅成低温热液矿床对比,大矾山矿床应属高硫型岩浆热液交代矿床。大矾山明矾石矿床的形成标志庐枞盆地高硫型低温热液成矿流体系统的存在,对本区热液成矿作用及低温热液多金属矿床的进一步找寻提供了重要标志,也意味着在大矾山矿区的深部可能存在隐伏岩体,扩大了研究区热液成矿系统找寻的思路。
The luzong Mesozoic volcanic basin is located in the Lower Yangtze fault Belt, the north margin of the Yangtze Block,it extends from nearby the east of the Tan-Lu fault zone to east.There are abundant of metal-rich mineral and non-metallic mineral resources in it.The reserves of alunite in Luzong Basin ranks the second in China,Luzong Basin is also the key propecting area for alunite resource in China.Dafanshan alunite deposit is the largest alunite deposit in this area.
This paper takes Dafanshan alunite deposit as the main research objiect, discusses the Geochemical Characteristics,the physicochemical conditions,the Ore-forming Process and formation Process of alunite in Dafanshan deposit according to the study of petrographical,micro-thermal analysis of fluid inclusion, electon probe analysis of mineral,SEM studies on alunite samples,isotopic dating, and geologic features.The following conclusions are reached.
Dafanshan alunite deposit was formed during the deposition of the Zhuanqiao formation and the Shuangmiao formation.The mineralization can be divided into two styles.One is the alunite-pyrite ore,which is formed in magmatic hydrothermal environment.The other is alunite-kaolinite style formed in steam-heated environment.
The homogenous temperature of fluid inclusions for the first mineralization stage ranged from 260 to 290℃,with salinity 3.6%NaCl equivalent and ore-forming presssure from 36.4×10~5～-53.7×10~5Pa.Alunite was formed in an acidic and oxidation environment.
Al and K in the deposit were from the volcanic formations.Due to strong acid sulfate alteration,K-feldspar and volcanic glass in the host rock were altered and K and Al were released,faciliating the formation of alunite.Sulfur isotope analysis reveals that the Sulfur in the deposits has a magmatic origin.
The early ore-forming fluid was mainly of magmatic hydrothermal,from which deposited the alunite-pyrite ore body.The later magmatic hydrothermal fluid mixed with meteoritic water and formed the alunite-kaolinite ore body.The acidity of hydrothermal solution decreased from the upper to lower position in the ore body.
The deposits exhibits alteration zoning,from an inner silicified to an outer silica-alunite,kaolinite,smectite-chlorite zones.They were formed as a result of the acid hydrothermal gradually reduced during the hydrothermal evolution.
Based on the above characters,as well as compareing with typical high sufidation epithermal hydrothermal deposits in the world,the Dafanshan alunite ore deposit was regarded as a high sulfidation magmatic hydrothermal replacement deposit.The formation of the Da fanshan alunite deposit indicates that there existed a high sulfidation epithermal hydrothermal metallogenic system in Luzong basin in late Mesozoic,this discovery provides an important indication for the Cu-Au hydrothermal ore-forming mineralization and epithermal hydrothermal polymetallic deposits in this area.We also deduced that a bured pluton may be under the Dafanshan mining area.This expands the idea of exploring deposits formed in porphyry mineralization in the study area.
本论文选择大矾山明矾石矿床作为主要研究对象,通过岩相学研究、流体包裹体显微测温分析、矿物电子探针分析、形态学研究、同位素测年,结合野外地质特征,对明矾石矿床的地球化学特征、物理化学条件、明矾石的成矿过程及形成模式进行了讨论。得出的主要结论如下:
大矾山明矾石矿床的成矿时代介于砖桥旋回和双庙旋回之间;成矿作用有两种类型,产生两种不同类型的明矾石矿石,明矾石-黄铁矿矿石产于岩浆热液环境中,明矾石-高岭石矿石产于蒸汽-加热环境。
明矾石矿物中包裹体均一温度为260-290℃;盐度为3.6%;压力为36.4×10~5～53.7×10~5Pa;为酸性、氧化的环境中形成的。
成矿元素Al、K主要来自于火山岩地层。由于强烈的酸性硫酸盐蚀变,围岩中的钾长石和火山玻璃被改造,释放出成矿元素,促进了明矾石的形成。同位素分析表明矿床中的硫来自于火山作用后期的岩浆热液。
成矿流体早期以岩浆热液为主,形成深部含黄铁矿明矾石矿体;晚期热液中有大气水的加入,形成浅部明矾石-高岭石矿体。流体向酸性减弱的方向演化。
矿床具有明显的蚀变分带特征,核部为硅化带,向外依次为硅化-明矾石化带、高岭土化带、绢云母-绿泥石化带。蚀变分带是由于酸性热液在火山作用过程中酸度逐渐降低形成的。
基于以上的结论,并与典型的高硫型浅成低温热液矿床对比,大矾山矿床应属高硫型岩浆热液交代矿床。大矾山明矾石矿床的形成标志庐枞盆地高硫型低温热液成矿流体系统的存在,对本区热液成矿作用及低温热液多金属矿床的进一步找寻提供了重要标志,也意味着在大矾山矿区的深部可能存在隐伏岩体,扩大了研究区热液成矿系统找寻的思路。
The luzong Mesozoic volcanic basin is located in the Lower Yangtze fault Belt, the north margin of the Yangtze Block,it extends from nearby the east of the Tan-Lu fault zone to east.There are abundant of metal-rich mineral and non-metallic mineral resources in it.The reserves of alunite in Luzong Basin ranks the second in China,Luzong Basin is also the key propecting area for alunite resource in China.Dafanshan alunite deposit is the largest alunite deposit in this area.
This paper takes Dafanshan alunite deposit as the main research objiect, discusses the Geochemical Characteristics,the physicochemical conditions,the Ore-forming Process and formation Process of alunite in Dafanshan deposit according to the study of petrographical,micro-thermal analysis of fluid inclusion, electon probe analysis of mineral,SEM studies on alunite samples,isotopic dating, and geologic features.The following conclusions are reached.
Dafanshan alunite deposit was formed during the deposition of the Zhuanqiao formation and the Shuangmiao formation.The mineralization can be divided into two styles.One is the alunite-pyrite ore,which is formed in magmatic hydrothermal environment.The other is alunite-kaolinite style formed in steam-heated environment.
The homogenous temperature of fluid inclusions for the first mineralization stage ranged from 260 to 290℃,with salinity 3.6%NaCl equivalent and ore-forming presssure from 36.4×10~5～-53.7×10~5Pa.Alunite was formed in an acidic and oxidation environment.
Al and K in the deposit were from the volcanic formations.Due to strong acid sulfate alteration,K-feldspar and volcanic glass in the host rock were altered and K and Al were released,faciliating the formation of alunite.Sulfur isotope analysis reveals that the Sulfur in the deposits has a magmatic origin.
The early ore-forming fluid was mainly of magmatic hydrothermal,from which deposited the alunite-pyrite ore body.The later magmatic hydrothermal fluid mixed with meteoritic water and formed the alunite-kaolinite ore body.The acidity of hydrothermal solution decreased from the upper to lower position in the ore body.
The deposits exhibits alteration zoning,from an inner silicified to an outer silica-alunite,kaolinite,smectite-chlorite zones.They were formed as a result of the acid hydrothermal gradually reduced during the hydrothermal evolution.
Based on the above characters,as well as compareing with typical high sufidation epithermal hydrothermal deposits in the world,the Dafanshan alunite ore deposit was regarded as a high sulfidation magmatic hydrothermal replacement deposit.The formation of the Da fanshan alunite deposit indicates that there existed a high sulfidation epithermal hydrothermal metallogenic system in Luzong basin in late Mesozoic,this discovery provides an important indication for the Cu-Au hydrothermal ore-forming mineralization and epithermal hydrothermal polymetallic deposits in this area.We also deduced that a bured pluton may be under the Dafanshan mining area.This expands the idea of exploring deposits formed in porphyry mineralization in the study area.
引文
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