完全热耦合精馏塔及其节能效果的模拟研究
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摘要
本文针对完全热耦合精馏塔(又称Petlyuk塔),应用化工流程模拟软件ASPEN PLUS,在三塔模型的简捷法所得初始设定参数基础上对完全热耦合精馏塔进行严格模拟,并通过模拟对全热耦合精馏塔的进料板位置、侧线采出位置、中间组分分配比β、气相分割比Rv和液相分割比Rl等参数进行优化。文章以戊烷-己烷-庚烷三元物的分离为例,模拟分析全热耦合精馏塔的特性。
研究过程中主要针对影响完全热耦合精馏塔操作性能的关键因素——气相分割比Rv、液相分割比Rl的影响进行了探讨,模拟结果表明,气相分割比Rv、液相分割比Rl对全热耦合精馏塔的能量利用情况和操作特性影响显著。当固定Rv(或Rl)为某一值时,Rl(或Rv)有使全塔再沸器热负荷最低的值,变化Rv(或Rl)值可寻找全塔再沸器热负荷最低值,即全热耦合精馏塔在最优条件下操作。另外,研究了Rv和Rl对产品纯度和塔的操作性能的影响。
将完全热耦合精馏塔应用于多组元物系工业分离,针对乙烯流程中碳三、碳四和碳五分离系统,主要研究进料中中间组分碳四含量较少、各组分均等进料和进料中中间组分碳四含量较多三种情况,将完全热耦合精馏塔和传统精馏塔直接序列、传统精馏塔间接序列、部分热耦合精馏塔直接序列、部分热耦合精馏塔间接序列进行节能对比,结果显示热耦合精馏塔具有较好的节能效果。当中间组分含量较多时完全热耦合精馏塔分离为最优,节能百分率15.7%;中间组分碳四含量较少、均等进料情况下,部分热耦合精馏塔分离最优,节能百分率分别为16.8%和14.1%。并对这五种塔系进行公用工程费用和年度总费用分析,结果显示,由于精馏塔塔顶冷凝器采用丙烯冷剂制冷,导致全热耦合精馏塔和部分热耦合精馏塔间接序列消耗费用较传统精馏塔多,而部分热耦合精馏塔直接序列最经济。
Fully thermally coupled distillation column (Petlyuk) is studied by means of rigorous simulation in this paper. The simulation is performed with commercial software ASPEN PLUS. Primary specifications for the theoretical tray numbers, feed and liquid withdraw locations as well as the reflux ratio are estimated with a shortcut method. By the rigorous simulations, the feed and withdraw tray locations, the overhead fraction of the distributed component in the prefractionator, as well as the split ratios for the gas and liquid phases Rv and Rl respectively are optimized. The ternary mixture of pentane-hexane-heptane is used in the simulation to investigate the characteristics of Petlyuk.
The study focused on the influence of vapor split ratio Rv, liquid split ratio Rl on the overall expense and characteristics of Petlyuk and it is found that the influence was significant. The optimal value of Rl was firstly found for a particular Rv and a series of trials were made for different values of Rv to find the optimal solutions for both Rl and Rv in terms of energy cost minimization. The influence of parameters Rv and Rl on the product purities and the operability of the Petlyuk was also investigated.
A Petlyuk for the separation of a multi-component mixture of C3~C5 hydrocarbons that may rise in ethylene process industry was simulated for the following thee different kinds of feed conditions: a. equal composition for the three components, b. the composition of component C4 is abundance and c. the composition of component C4 is lack. The simulated results on the consumptions for the thee cases were compared with those for the direct thermally coupled sequence (CTDC)﹑indirect thermally coupled sequence (ITDC)﹑direct conventional sequence (DCS)﹑indirect conventional sequence(ICS). The comparisons demonstrated that the Petlyuk gave the lowest energy consumption for the case of C4 abundance, 15.7% lower than the DCS. And the CTDC and ITDC consumed lower energy than the Petlyuk for the other two cases, 16% lower for the case of lack of C4 and 14.1% lower for the other respectively comparing to the DCS. Then the utility costs and total annual costs of the five different columns are analysed,the results show that the Petlyuk and the indirect thermally coupled sequence(ITCS)cost more than conventional distillation columns as propylene refrigerant is introduced. Direct thermally coupled sequence(DTCS)is the best among all.
研究过程中主要针对影响完全热耦合精馏塔操作性能的关键因素——气相分割比Rv、液相分割比Rl的影响进行了探讨,模拟结果表明,气相分割比Rv、液相分割比Rl对全热耦合精馏塔的能量利用情况和操作特性影响显著。当固定Rv(或Rl)为某一值时,Rl(或Rv)有使全塔再沸器热负荷最低的值,变化Rv(或Rl)值可寻找全塔再沸器热负荷最低值,即全热耦合精馏塔在最优条件下操作。另外,研究了Rv和Rl对产品纯度和塔的操作性能的影响。
将完全热耦合精馏塔应用于多组元物系工业分离,针对乙烯流程中碳三、碳四和碳五分离系统,主要研究进料中中间组分碳四含量较少、各组分均等进料和进料中中间组分碳四含量较多三种情况,将完全热耦合精馏塔和传统精馏塔直接序列、传统精馏塔间接序列、部分热耦合精馏塔直接序列、部分热耦合精馏塔间接序列进行节能对比,结果显示热耦合精馏塔具有较好的节能效果。当中间组分含量较多时完全热耦合精馏塔分离为最优,节能百分率15.7%;中间组分碳四含量较少、均等进料情况下,部分热耦合精馏塔分离最优,节能百分率分别为16.8%和14.1%。并对这五种塔系进行公用工程费用和年度总费用分析,结果显示,由于精馏塔塔顶冷凝器采用丙烯冷剂制冷,导致全热耦合精馏塔和部分热耦合精馏塔间接序列消耗费用较传统精馏塔多,而部分热耦合精馏塔直接序列最经济。
Fully thermally coupled distillation column (Petlyuk) is studied by means of rigorous simulation in this paper. The simulation is performed with commercial software ASPEN PLUS. Primary specifications for the theoretical tray numbers, feed and liquid withdraw locations as well as the reflux ratio are estimated with a shortcut method. By the rigorous simulations, the feed and withdraw tray locations, the overhead fraction of the distributed component in the prefractionator, as well as the split ratios for the gas and liquid phases Rv and Rl respectively are optimized. The ternary mixture of pentane-hexane-heptane is used in the simulation to investigate the characteristics of Petlyuk.
The study focused on the influence of vapor split ratio Rv, liquid split ratio Rl on the overall expense and characteristics of Petlyuk and it is found that the influence was significant. The optimal value of Rl was firstly found for a particular Rv and a series of trials were made for different values of Rv to find the optimal solutions for both Rl and Rv in terms of energy cost minimization. The influence of parameters Rv and Rl on the product purities and the operability of the Petlyuk was also investigated.
A Petlyuk for the separation of a multi-component mixture of C3~C5 hydrocarbons that may rise in ethylene process industry was simulated for the following thee different kinds of feed conditions: a. equal composition for the three components, b. the composition of component C4 is abundance and c. the composition of component C4 is lack. The simulated results on the consumptions for the thee cases were compared with those for the direct thermally coupled sequence (CTDC)﹑indirect thermally coupled sequence (ITDC)﹑direct conventional sequence (DCS)﹑indirect conventional sequence(ICS). The comparisons demonstrated that the Petlyuk gave the lowest energy consumption for the case of C4 abundance, 15.7% lower than the DCS. And the CTDC and ITDC consumed lower energy than the Petlyuk for the other two cases, 16% lower for the case of lack of C4 and 14.1% lower for the other respectively comparing to the DCS. Then the utility costs and total annual costs of the five different columns are analysed,the results show that the Petlyuk and the indirect thermally coupled sequence(ITCS)cost more than conventional distillation columns as propylene refrigerant is introduced. Direct thermally coupled sequence(DTCS)is the best among all.
引文
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