基于Web模式的电铁SCADA系统被控端研究与设计
摘要
最大程度的结合新型计算机通信、网络及软硬件技术，利用目前已经具备的高速光缆信道资源，实现SCADA系统被控端基于Web方式的广泛联网，可以解决RTU信息一发多收、一致性，通信瓶颈及‘信息孤岛’等问题，提高信息传输的实时性和一致性，把各种信息更加准确、安全、快速的送到所有需要并被允许的地方，实现更大范围的信息共享，是目前监控领域的一个崭新而又备受关注的课题，
本文首先综述了电气化铁道SCADA(电铁SCADA)系统的三大组成部分：调度端、被控端和通信信道的发展概况，阐述了传统模式的电铁远动系统的弊端所在，接着提出了基于Web模式的电铁SCADA系统硬件结构设计。本论文重点对基于Web模式的电铁SCADA系统被控端进行了全面的论述和设计。首先，本文把不同规模的被控端分为Internet级被控端、Intranet级被控端以及常规被控端，对于Internet级被控端和Intranet级被控端，本论文采用构建LAN的方式实现其Web模式的转变，在Internet级被控端采取路由器设备连接Internet，接着，本论文对综自被控端LAN和E1接口信道的连接方式进行设计与比较，提出使用路由器和接口转换器两种模式。对于常规被控端新站建设和老站改造，本文亦给出了两种RTU采集设备上网解决方案：RTU直接上网和经应用层协议转换器上网方案，并通过采用设置IP地址及在相邻被控端发布信息的方法来实现常规被控端Web模式的转变。论文还分析了IEC60870-5系列和DNP3.0两个国际SCADA行业标准规约，并提出RTU Web接入方式的协议应该统一采用TCP/IP+IEC60870-5-104模式，
作为一个实例，本文基于Windows2000Server、IIS以及SQL Server2000等网络系统工具构建了试验被控端系统的基本Web平台。在此基础之上，又利用了JSP技术、Web服务器及JDBC等技术，构建了试验被控端三层结构的动态网页发布系统，并对系统Web服务器中的动态网页生成以及与客户机浏览器交互的具体实现方法和步骤做出了详细的设计。此外，本文对试验被控端系统的信息网络安全性能也提出了较为详细的应对方案。
本文最后对本课题进一步研究进行了展望。
In this thesis, we realize the Web-Based RTU in telecontrol system for electrical railway systems by using new techniques of computer, communication, and existing the resources of super-speed fiber optic cable that we have already had. Besides, we also realize the multi-receiver of the RTU real-time information and the consistency of the information; the bottleneck problem of the communication and 'Information Solitary island' can also be solved. Improving the consistency and real-time performance of information transmission, sending all kinds of information more accurate, safety and faster to the places where the information is required and receiving permitted, realizing larger scope information sharing are all newly and highly anticipated projects in the area of supervise and control.
This paper first introduces three parts of the telecontrol system for electrical railway system: Control Center, RTU and Channel and pointed out the shortcoming of the traditional type. Then this paper puts forward Web-Based telecontrol system for electrical railway system and designs its hardware structure. In this paper, we completely discussed and designed the Web-Based RTU in telecontrol system for electrical railway system. First, in this paper, we divided RTU into Internet-RTU, Intranet-RTU and Normal-RTU on scale. LAN method to realize Web-based Internet-RTU and Intranet-RTU and Internet-RTU join the Internet by adopting the router equipments are given, then, the conjunction mode between LAN and El channel and two resolved scheme are designed and compared: router mode and conversion equipment mode. For the rebuilding of old Normal-RTU station and the building of new Normal-RTU station, this paper presented two schemes, one is getting electronically linked directly and the other is getting electronically linked via protocol converter, the methods of establishing the IP address and announcing the information through border upon RTU to realize Web-based Normal-RTU are proposed too. This paper also analysis international SCADA standard protocol-1EC60870-5 and DNP3.0. and points out that Web -based RTU should use IEC60870-5-104 and TCP/IP protocols.
As an example, this paper built basic Web systems of the test RTU systems by using Windows2000Server, IIS and SQL Server2000. And also, Dynamic web page
system based on three-tier architecture of the test RTU system was built by means of the JSP technology, web server technology and JDBC technology. Then this paper provided the details of produce of the Dynamic web page and the communication between web server and web browser. Furthermore, information security of the web-based RTU test system was also discussed, the resolve methods were pointed out too.
This paper finally made outlook of the further research of this project.
本文首先综述了电气化铁道SCADA(电铁SCADA)系统的三大组成部分：调度端、被控端和通信信道的发展概况，阐述了传统模式的电铁远动系统的弊端所在，接着提出了基于Web模式的电铁SCADA系统硬件结构设计。本论文重点对基于Web模式的电铁SCADA系统被控端进行了全面的论述和设计。首先，本文把不同规模的被控端分为Internet级被控端、Intranet级被控端以及常规被控端，对于Internet级被控端和Intranet级被控端，本论文采用构建LAN的方式实现其Web模式的转变，在Internet级被控端采取路由器设备连接Internet，接着，本论文对综自被控端LAN和E1接口信道的连接方式进行设计与比较，提出使用路由器和接口转换器两种模式。对于常规被控端新站建设和老站改造，本文亦给出了两种RTU采集设备上网解决方案：RTU直接上网和经应用层协议转换器上网方案，并通过采用设置IP地址及在相邻被控端发布信息的方法来实现常规被控端Web模式的转变。论文还分析了IEC60870-5系列和DNP3.0两个国际SCADA行业标准规约，并提出RTU Web接入方式的协议应该统一采用TCP/IP+IEC60870-5-104模式，
作为一个实例，本文基于Windows2000Server、IIS以及SQL Server2000等网络系统工具构建了试验被控端系统的基本Web平台。在此基础之上，又利用了JSP技术、Web服务器及JDBC等技术，构建了试验被控端三层结构的动态网页发布系统，并对系统Web服务器中的动态网页生成以及与客户机浏览器交互的具体实现方法和步骤做出了详细的设计。此外，本文对试验被控端系统的信息网络安全性能也提出了较为详细的应对方案。
本文最后对本课题进一步研究进行了展望。
In this thesis, we realize the Web-Based RTU in telecontrol system for electrical railway systems by using new techniques of computer, communication, and existing the resources of super-speed fiber optic cable that we have already had. Besides, we also realize the multi-receiver of the RTU real-time information and the consistency of the information; the bottleneck problem of the communication and 'Information Solitary island' can also be solved. Improving the consistency and real-time performance of information transmission, sending all kinds of information more accurate, safety and faster to the places where the information is required and receiving permitted, realizing larger scope information sharing are all newly and highly anticipated projects in the area of supervise and control.
This paper first introduces three parts of the telecontrol system for electrical railway system: Control Center, RTU and Channel and pointed out the shortcoming of the traditional type. Then this paper puts forward Web-Based telecontrol system for electrical railway system and designs its hardware structure. In this paper, we completely discussed and designed the Web-Based RTU in telecontrol system for electrical railway system. First, in this paper, we divided RTU into Internet-RTU, Intranet-RTU and Normal-RTU on scale. LAN method to realize Web-based Internet-RTU and Intranet-RTU and Internet-RTU join the Internet by adopting the router equipments are given, then, the conjunction mode between LAN and El channel and two resolved scheme are designed and compared: router mode and conversion equipment mode. For the rebuilding of old Normal-RTU station and the building of new Normal-RTU station, this paper presented two schemes, one is getting electronically linked directly and the other is getting electronically linked via protocol converter, the methods of establishing the IP address and announcing the information through border upon RTU to realize Web-based Normal-RTU are proposed too. This paper also analysis international SCADA standard protocol-1EC60870-5 and DNP3.0. and points out that Web -based RTU should use IEC60870-5-104 and TCP/IP protocols.
As an example, this paper built basic Web systems of the test RTU systems by using Windows2000Server, IIS and SQL Server2000. And also, Dynamic web page
system based on three-tier architecture of the test RTU system was built by means of the JSP technology, web server technology and JDBC technology. Then this paper provided the details of produce of the Dynamic web page and the communication between web server and web browser. Furthermore, information security of the web-based RTU test system was also discussed, the resolve methods were pointed out too.
This paper finally made outlook of the further research of this project.
引文
[1]钱清泉．电气化铁道微机监控技术．中国铁道出版社，2000：42～47
[2]胡耀华，诸均安．中国铁路通信世纪回顾．中国铁道出版社，2001：27～27
[3]刘清瑞，成海彦．采用因特网进行电力实时数据通信的实验研究．电力系统自动化．2001，25(20)：67～68
[4]徐立子．再论变电站自动化系统的分析和实施．电网技术．2001，25(9)：12～15
[5]谢希仁．计算机网络．第二版．电子工业出版社，1999
[6]William Stallings．局域网与城域网．高传善，高永勤．第五版．电子工业出版社，1998
[7]飞思科技产品研发中心．JSP应用开发详解．电子工业出版社，2002
[8]Jim Boyce. Windows 2000 Professional安装与配置．王国春，李博．清华大学出版社，2001
[9]Hicrosoft Corporation. Hicrosoft SQL Server2000体系结构与XML/Internet支持．孙岩，许勇光，候彧．清华大学出版社，2001
[10]董小满，温平进．基于Windows的网站建设．清华大学出版社，2001．
[11]黄理，曹林有，张勇等．JSP深入编程．北京希望电子出版社，2001
[12]马文刚，谢乐健，管知时．JSP实例编程集锦．清华大学出版社2001
[13]李春华，潘勇伟．华东电网厂站RTU实时信息上网传输的实现．电力系统自动化．2002，26(6)：59～61
[14]Mark Wutka.Jsp和Servlet程序设计使用专辑，程显华．机械工业出版社，2002
[15]J.F.DiMarzio．网络体系结构及设计．苗晓辉．人民邮电出版
社，2001
[16]张岳匀，何志伟．SCADA系统通信规约的标准化及建议．电力系统及其自动化学报．2000，12(5)：42～44
[17]洪宪平．走向网络化的远动系统．电力系统自动化．2001，25(6)：1～3
[18]Behrouz Forouzan, Catherine Coombs等．数据通信与网络．潘仡，朱丹宇等．机械工业出版社，2000
[19]提兆旭，陈赤培．电力系统计算机调度自动化．上海交通大学出版社，1995
[20]Ed Taylor. TCP／IP使用详解．王虎，邓宏涛等．机械工业出版社，1999
[21]Cay S.Horstanm, Gary Comell. Java2核心技术．李如豹，刚冬梅等．第五版．机械工业出版社，2002
[22]蒲长春．基于INTRANET的牵引供电管理信息系统规划与设计．西南交通大学硕士研究生论文．2001
[23]Max Cheng C. James Chou. Windows 2000Serve网络建设及安全维护．庄彦泽．清华大学出版社2002
[24]Mark Wutka. JSP和Servlet程序设计使用专辑．程显华．机械工业出版社，2002
[25]Bill Brogden. Java开发指南．邱仲潘，谢树锋．电子工业出版社，2001
[26]刘少亭，卢建军，李国民．现代信息网．人民邮电出版社，2000
[27]俞俊平，余安萍．Windows NT／2000建网实务．电子工业出版社，2001
[28]微软公司．Windows 2000网络基础结构设计．东方人华．清华大学出版社，2002
[29]Hugh Melvin, Andy Shearer, "Internet-Enabled Scada System via GPS and RTOS Technoogies", Department of Information Technology National University of Ireland, GalwayO August 27, 2000
[30]Donald J, Marihart, Fellow, "Communications Technology Guidelines for EMS/SCADA System", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 16, No. 2, April 2001
[31] Goran Zecevic "Web based interface to SCADA system", Electric Power Company of Serbijia Belgrade, Yugoslavia
[32] Whitby hydro, "Ontario utility the world's first to pilot internet based SCADA services", A KERRWIL PUBLICATION, Vol. ⅩⅩⅩⅥ No. 9, September 2000
[33] Ab Kader, Ron Skelton, "Information Security and the Electric Power Industry", Electric Power Research Institute, 1996
[34] Derek Atkins, Paul Buis, Chris Hare, "Internet Security Professional Reference", New Riders Publishing, 1996
[33] Richard D. Schneeman, "Implementing a Standards-based Disrtributed Measurement and Control Application on the Internet", National Institute of Standards and Technology, June 1999
[34] Partl,"Telecontrol Equipment and Systems", General Consideration IEC 870-1-1, 1998
[35] Kelley C. Bourne, "Test Clent/Server Systems", New Riders Publishing, 1997
[36] Ron Carman, Boris Quintanilla, "RTU Communications through Internet Protocolo nalegacy SCADA system", http://www.gtionline.org/ref/member/library/cga2OOO/Comm/1. TransGas-RTUSCADA. pdf,2000.
[37] M. Benda, "Internet Architecture: Its Evolution from an Industry Perspective", IEEE Internet Computing, Vol. 2 No. 2, 1998, 32～35
[38] J.D. Gibson, "The Communication Handbook", IEEE Press, 1997
[39] 谭文恕，李泽．IEC 60870-5《远动设备及系统第五部分：传输规约》系列标准介绍．电力标准化与计量．1999，28(2)：1～6
[40] 谭文恕．远动信息的网络访问．电力系统自动化．2001，25(12)：51～52
[41] 庞志永．基于ASP的动态Web页面技术探讨．洛阳大学学报．2002，17(2)：38～41
[2]胡耀华，诸均安．中国铁路通信世纪回顾．中国铁道出版社，2001：27～27
[3]刘清瑞，成海彦．采用因特网进行电力实时数据通信的实验研究．电力系统自动化．2001，25(20)：67～68
[4]徐立子．再论变电站自动化系统的分析和实施．电网技术．2001，25(9)：12～15
[5]谢希仁．计算机网络．第二版．电子工业出版社，1999
[6]William Stallings．局域网与城域网．高传善，高永勤．第五版．电子工业出版社，1998
[7]飞思科技产品研发中心．JSP应用开发详解．电子工业出版社，2002
[8]Jim Boyce. Windows 2000 Professional安装与配置．王国春，李博．清华大学出版社，2001
[9]Hicrosoft Corporation. Hicrosoft SQL Server2000体系结构与XML/Internet支持．孙岩，许勇光，候彧．清华大学出版社，2001
[10]董小满，温平进．基于Windows的网站建设．清华大学出版社，2001．
[11]黄理，曹林有，张勇等．JSP深入编程．北京希望电子出版社，2001
[12]马文刚，谢乐健，管知时．JSP实例编程集锦．清华大学出版社2001
[13]李春华，潘勇伟．华东电网厂站RTU实时信息上网传输的实现．电力系统自动化．2002，26(6)：59～61
[14]Mark Wutka.Jsp和Servlet程序设计使用专辑，程显华．机械工业出版社，2002
[15]J.F.DiMarzio．网络体系结构及设计．苗晓辉．人民邮电出版
社，2001
[16]张岳匀，何志伟．SCADA系统通信规约的标准化及建议．电力系统及其自动化学报．2000，12(5)：42～44
[17]洪宪平．走向网络化的远动系统．电力系统自动化．2001，25(6)：1～3
[18]Behrouz Forouzan, Catherine Coombs等．数据通信与网络．潘仡，朱丹宇等．机械工业出版社，2000
[19]提兆旭，陈赤培．电力系统计算机调度自动化．上海交通大学出版社，1995
[20]Ed Taylor. TCP／IP使用详解．王虎，邓宏涛等．机械工业出版社，1999
[21]Cay S.Horstanm, Gary Comell. Java2核心技术．李如豹，刚冬梅等．第五版．机械工业出版社，2002
[22]蒲长春．基于INTRANET的牵引供电管理信息系统规划与设计．西南交通大学硕士研究生论文．2001
[23]Max Cheng C. James Chou. Windows 2000Serve网络建设及安全维护．庄彦泽．清华大学出版社2002
[24]Mark Wutka. JSP和Servlet程序设计使用专辑．程显华．机械工业出版社，2002
[25]Bill Brogden. Java开发指南．邱仲潘，谢树锋．电子工业出版社，2001
[26]刘少亭，卢建军，李国民．现代信息网．人民邮电出版社，2000
[27]俞俊平，余安萍．Windows NT／2000建网实务．电子工业出版社，2001
[28]微软公司．Windows 2000网络基础结构设计．东方人华．清华大学出版社，2002
[29]Hugh Melvin, Andy Shearer, "Internet-Enabled Scada System via GPS and RTOS Technoogies", Department of Information Technology National University of Ireland, GalwayO August 27, 2000
[30]Donald J, Marihart, Fellow, "Communications Technology Guidelines for EMS/SCADA System", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 16, No. 2, April 2001
[31] Goran Zecevic "Web based interface to SCADA system", Electric Power Company of Serbijia Belgrade, Yugoslavia
[32] Whitby hydro, "Ontario utility the world's first to pilot internet based SCADA services", A KERRWIL PUBLICATION, Vol. ⅩⅩⅩⅥ No. 9, September 2000
[33] Ab Kader, Ron Skelton, "Information Security and the Electric Power Industry", Electric Power Research Institute, 1996
[34] Derek Atkins, Paul Buis, Chris Hare, "Internet Security Professional Reference", New Riders Publishing, 1996
[33] Richard D. Schneeman, "Implementing a Standards-based Disrtributed Measurement and Control Application on the Internet", National Institute of Standards and Technology, June 1999
[34] Partl,"Telecontrol Equipment and Systems", General Consideration IEC 870-1-1, 1998
[35] Kelley C. Bourne, "Test Clent/Server Systems", New Riders Publishing, 1997
[36] Ron Carman, Boris Quintanilla, "RTU Communications through Internet Protocolo nalegacy SCADA system", http://www.gtionline.org/ref/member/library/cga2OOO/Comm/1. TransGas-RTUSCADA. pdf,2000.
[37] M. Benda, "Internet Architecture: Its Evolution from an Industry Perspective", IEEE Internet Computing, Vol. 2 No. 2, 1998, 32～35
[38] J.D. Gibson, "The Communication Handbook", IEEE Press, 1997
[39] 谭文恕，李泽．IEC 60870-5《远动设备及系统第五部分：传输规约》系列标准介绍．电力标准化与计量．1999，28(2)：1～6
[40] 谭文恕．远动信息的网络访问．电力系统自动化．2001，25(12)：51～52
[41] 庞志永．基于ASP的动态Web页面技术探讨．洛阳大学学报．2002，17(2)：38～41