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新疆棉花栽培种遗传多样性研究
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摘要
本文通过同工酶、种子贮藏蛋白以及SSR三种标记方法对50份新疆棉花栽培种进行了遗传多样性分析。同工酶主要利用了氧化物酶、酯酶、酸性磷酸酯酶、超氧化物歧化酶四种类型的同工酶,共检测到27条谱带,其中多态性谱带为70.4%;种子贮藏蛋白主要利用了谷蛋白及醇溶蛋白两种类型蛋白,共检测到28条谱带,其中多态性谱带为35.7%;而SSR分子标记采用了17对SSR引物,共检测到88谱带,其中多态性谱带为38.6%。
    利用三种方法对50份新疆棉花栽培种进行了遗传多样性分析,分析不同来源、年代以及品种系列的遗传多样性,结果表明:在不同来源的品种中,疆内品种具有较为丰富的遗传多样性;在不同的品种系列中以新陆中系列的品种遗传多样性最为丰富,其次是中棉所系列;从60年代前至90年代后的品种分析中表明,随着时间的推进,供试品种的基因多样性指数呈现增长趋势,即90年代后的品种呈现出最为丰富的遗传多样性。
    同时利用三种方法对50份新疆棉花栽培种进行了聚类分析,结果表明:不同来源的品种间存在一定的遗传差异,在蛋白质水平上表现出的差异性最为显著,同时在不同的分类中呈现出一定的地域性;而早熟棉类型的品种与中熟棉类型的品种间的存在一定的遗传差异,但差异较小,也就说明了取自不同生态区的两种类型的品种,在本质上没有大的区别,这可能是由于早熟类型和中熟类型均是人工培育的,而并不是起源于人为划分的两种生态区。
It studied the genetic diversity of 50 cultivated varieties of cotton by isozymei、seed protein and SSR in Xinjiang .The isozyme was used by 4 isozyme such as esterase isozyme,peroxidase isozyme,acid phosphatase isozyme,superoxide dismutase isozyme, 27 alleles and 70.4%diversity of the isozyme were detected .The seed protein were used by 2 protein such as prolamin,glutelin,their 28 alleles and 35.7% diversity were detected.And SSR using 17 primers examined 88 allels and 38.6% diversity .
    By 3 methods, genetic diversity index of the origin,decade and type of varieties were analyzed in different criteria of classification. The result showed that the genetic diversity index of varieties breeded by self in Xinjiang was highest.In different type , the genetic diversity index of the type of xinluzhong was highest.. .Next was the type of zhongmiansuo. From decade before1960s to decade after 1990s, the genetic diversity index of decades was ascending somewhat . It meaned the genetic diversity index of varieties after 1990s was highest.
    Studies on cluster combine of different varieties by 3methods showed there was genetic differetiation in varieties of different origin ,and it showed remarkability at protein level.. At the same time, the result presented its regional feature.From the ripe period of varieties,there was similar genetic diversity between precociously and midtermly ripe varieties.The varieties of the two types from different enviroment were not different in essence.Its reason may be that the varieties of the two type were breeded by people,but they didn’t origin from the divisiory entironment of two types by people.
引文
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