嵌入式机车电气仪表校验系统的研制
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摘要
机车电气仪表用于机车各种电量(电压、电流)的测量和模拟指示,以帮助司机实时了解机车各部分工作是否正常。它是保证机车安全运行的重要监督手段。为了保证机车电气仪表的正常使用,需要定期对仪表的准确度等级的检定。
本论文通过对当前仪表校验校验技术的研究,结合软、硬件发展的新成果,针对机车电气仪表校验系统研制的需求,通过引进嵌入式技术先进的设计思路及软、硬件技术,试图寻求一条解决这些问题的途径。
本论文首先论述了嵌入式机车电气仪表校验系统整体设计方案,然后结合嵌入式技术从软件、硬件两个方面对下位机系统与上位机系统进行了详细论述。下位机系统的硬件方面主要研究工作集中在以单片机为核心的高精度测量与高精度输出电路的实现;软件方面结合嵌入式软件的设计思想,给出了各功能模块的软件流程设计。上位机系统的硬件方面主要介绍了PC104平台;软件方面首先详细介绍了嵌入式操作系统Windows CE平台的定制,然后阐述了在Windows CE平台使用.NET Compact Framework进行软件开发流程并且给出了关键功能的实现过程。主要研究工作如下:
1、以AT89C52单片机为控制核心设计了测量(MAX133)与输出系统(DAC714),实现了高精度测量与高精度输出,并且实现了基于RS-422协议的串行通信。
2、完成嵌入式实时操作系统Windows CE4.2的平台定制。包括系统的剪裁、设备驱动程序的加载、相关配置文件的修改。
3、在Windows CE 4.2下,使用C#语言完成基于.NET Compact Framework的应用程序开发。该程序完成了人机交互、串行通信、数据显示和数据存储等功能。
目前,已经完成了校验系统的硬件设计与软件调试,并在实验室验证了校验系统各项功能,达到设计要求。
Electrical instruments of locomotives measure and indicate electrical voltage and current, helping drivers know the working status of different parts of locomotives and thus forming an important monitoring approach to ensure safe operation of locomotives. To guarantee electrical instruments of locomotive in good working conditions, periodic calibrations of instruments are mandatory.
Based on the study of the latest development in hardware and software of calibration technology of electrical instruments and the design demand, the advanced technology of embedded system is introduced to solve the problem.
Firstly, this thesis discusses the blue print of calibration system of electrical instruments. And then by using the technology of embedded system, the upper-end computer system and lower-end computer system are studied from the aspects of hardware and software respectively. The high accuracy measurement circuit and high accuracy output circuit based on MCU is studied as the main part of hardware work of lower-end computer. Joined with embedded software design pattern, the software flow charts of lower-end computer functions are given. As to the upper-end computer system, PC104 module is introduced as hardware platform. In terms of software of upper-end computer system, the customization of Windows CE platform is introduced in detail firstly. Then the key process of application software design by using .NET Compact Framework on Windows CE platform is given. The main research works are as follows:
1. Design and implementation of high accuracy measurement circuit (MAX133), high accuracy output circuit (DAC714) and RS-422 communication circuit (MAX1490) based on AT89C52 MCU
2. Building OS design of Windows CE 4.2 including OS customization, device driver loading and files configuration
3. Developing application on Windows CE 4.2 platform by using C# programming language based on .NET Compact Framework
The design of hardware and debug of software have been completed at present. Additionally, functions and demands of the system are completely achieved.
本论文通过对当前仪表校验校验技术的研究,结合软、硬件发展的新成果,针对机车电气仪表校验系统研制的需求,通过引进嵌入式技术先进的设计思路及软、硬件技术,试图寻求一条解决这些问题的途径。
本论文首先论述了嵌入式机车电气仪表校验系统整体设计方案,然后结合嵌入式技术从软件、硬件两个方面对下位机系统与上位机系统进行了详细论述。下位机系统的硬件方面主要研究工作集中在以单片机为核心的高精度测量与高精度输出电路的实现;软件方面结合嵌入式软件的设计思想,给出了各功能模块的软件流程设计。上位机系统的硬件方面主要介绍了PC104平台;软件方面首先详细介绍了嵌入式操作系统Windows CE平台的定制,然后阐述了在Windows CE平台使用.NET Compact Framework进行软件开发流程并且给出了关键功能的实现过程。主要研究工作如下:
1、以AT89C52单片机为控制核心设计了测量(MAX133)与输出系统(DAC714),实现了高精度测量与高精度输出,并且实现了基于RS-422协议的串行通信。
2、完成嵌入式实时操作系统Windows CE4.2的平台定制。包括系统的剪裁、设备驱动程序的加载、相关配置文件的修改。
3、在Windows CE 4.2下,使用C#语言完成基于.NET Compact Framework的应用程序开发。该程序完成了人机交互、串行通信、数据显示和数据存储等功能。
目前,已经完成了校验系统的硬件设计与软件调试,并在实验室验证了校验系统各项功能,达到设计要求。
Electrical instruments of locomotives measure and indicate electrical voltage and current, helping drivers know the working status of different parts of locomotives and thus forming an important monitoring approach to ensure safe operation of locomotives. To guarantee electrical instruments of locomotive in good working conditions, periodic calibrations of instruments are mandatory.
Based on the study of the latest development in hardware and software of calibration technology of electrical instruments and the design demand, the advanced technology of embedded system is introduced to solve the problem.
Firstly, this thesis discusses the blue print of calibration system of electrical instruments. And then by using the technology of embedded system, the upper-end computer system and lower-end computer system are studied from the aspects of hardware and software respectively. The high accuracy measurement circuit and high accuracy output circuit based on MCU is studied as the main part of hardware work of lower-end computer. Joined with embedded software design pattern, the software flow charts of lower-end computer functions are given. As to the upper-end computer system, PC104 module is introduced as hardware platform. In terms of software of upper-end computer system, the customization of Windows CE platform is introduced in detail firstly. Then the key process of application software design by using .NET Compact Framework on Windows CE platform is given. The main research works are as follows:
1. Design and implementation of high accuracy measurement circuit (MAX133), high accuracy output circuit (DAC714) and RS-422 communication circuit (MAX1490) based on AT89C52 MCU
2. Building OS design of Windows CE 4.2 including OS customization, device driver loading and files configuration
3. Developing application on Windows CE 4.2 platform by using C# programming language based on .NET Compact Framework
The design of hardware and debug of software have been completed at present. Additionally, functions and demands of the system are completely achieved.
引文
[1]冯占岭.数字电压表及数字多用表检测技术[M].北京.中国计量出版社.2003
[2]费业泰.误差理论与数据处理[M].北京.机械工业出版社.2000
[3]蒋焕文等.电子测量[M].北京.中国计量出版社.1988
[4]中华人民共和国国家计量检定规程.JJG 124-2005电流表、电压表、功率表及电阻表[S].北京.国家质量监督检验检疫总局.2005
[5]Wayne Wolf.嵌入式计算系统设计原理[M].北京.机械工业出版社.2000
[6]何宗键.Windows CE 嵌入式系统[M].北京.北京航空航天大学出版社.2006
[7]周航慈.智能仪器仪表原理与设计[M].北京.北京航空航天大学出版社.2005
[8]王幸之.AT89 系列单片机原理与接口技术[M].北京.北京航空航天大学出版社.2004
[9]何立民.单片机应用技术选编[M].北京:航空航大大学出版社.1998
[10]李华.MCS-51 系列单片机实用接口技术[M].北京航空航天大学出版.1993
[11]马家辰.MCS-51 单片机原理及接口技术[M].哈尔滨工业大学出版社.1998
[12]Atmel Corporation.AT89C52 Datasheet.1999
[13]沙占友.新型数字万用表原理与应用[M].北京.机械工业出版社.2006
[14]MAXIM.MAXl33/134 Datasheet.1995
[15]纪宗南.4 3/4位A/D转换器MAX133(134)的原理及应用[J].电子技术.1993.6.26-28
[16]黄汕.4 3/4位数字DVM及其应用[J].电测与仪表.1998.35(392).51-52
[17]庞湘萍.DAC714 在单片机系统中的层叠用[J].国外电子测量技术.2003.1.26-28
[18]Burr-Brown Corporation.16-Bit Digital-to-Analog Converter.1997
[19]Burr-Brown Corporation.Burr-Brown Corporation Product Data book..2000
[20]Burr-Brown Corporation.DAC714 Datasheet.2006
[21]Jobn Catsoulis.嵌入式硬什设计[M].北京.中国电力出版社.2004
[22]Sergio Franco.基于运算放大器和模拟集成电路的电路设计[M].西安.西安交通人学出版社.2004
[23]童诗白.模拟电子技术基础第三版[M].北京.高等教育出版社.2001
[24]余祖俊.微机检测与控制应用系统设计[M].北京.北方交通大学出版社.2001
[25]费伟中.增量式光电编码器计数与接口电路的设计[J].微特电机.2007.1.19-20
[26]许理.基于单片机的增量式光电编码器接口的设计[J].机械与电子.2006.12.9-11
[27]幸国全.RS-422接口芯片在单片机系统中的应用[f].仪表技术.2000.3.14-16
[28]Maxim Corporation.Complete,Isolated RS-485/RS-422 Data Interface.2005
[29]劭贝贝.嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-II[M].北京.北京航空航天大学出版社.2003
[30]马忠梅.单片机C语言Windows环境编程宝典[M].北京.北京航空航天大学出版社.2003
[31]包学成.一种基于PC104的嵌入式测量系统[J].自动化技术与应用.2004.23(9).74-76
[32]Advantech Company.PCM-3350 Series User's Manual.2002
[33]Advantech Company.AMD Geode~(TM)CPU Module with VGA/LCD,Ethernet &SSD.2006
[34]张冬泉等.Windows CE实用开发技术[M].北京.电子工业出版社.2006
[35]田凯等.基于 Windows CE.net 的车载平台的定制开发[J].计算机技术与发展.2006.16(3).45-47
[36]熊宇昆.Windows CE.net 内核定制[J].电子科技.2006.9.60-62
[37]张禹.Platform Builder 集成开发环境研究[J].微计算机信息.2005.21(4).115-116
[38]陈正茂,杨维忠,胡波.基于Windows CE.net平台的嵌入式系统的定制和裁剪[J].微型机与应用.2004.4.8-11
[39]Andy Wigley,Stephen Wheelwright.Microsoft.NET Compact Framework 技术内幕[M].北京.清华大学出版社.2003
[40]Douglas Boling.Microsoft Windows CE 程序设计[M].北京.北京大学出版社.1999
[41]周成朋,徐亚娟,殷小贡.Windows CE.NET 4.2下PC与单片机的串行通信[J].现代电子技术.2005.8.31-33
[2]费业泰.误差理论与数据处理[M].北京.机械工业出版社.2000
[3]蒋焕文等.电子测量[M].北京.中国计量出版社.1988
[4]中华人民共和国国家计量检定规程.JJG 124-2005电流表、电压表、功率表及电阻表[S].北京.国家质量监督检验检疫总局.2005
[5]Wayne Wolf.嵌入式计算系统设计原理[M].北京.机械工业出版社.2000
[6]何宗键.Windows CE 嵌入式系统[M].北京.北京航空航天大学出版社.2006
[7]周航慈.智能仪器仪表原理与设计[M].北京.北京航空航天大学出版社.2005
[8]王幸之.AT89 系列单片机原理与接口技术[M].北京.北京航空航天大学出版社.2004
[9]何立民.单片机应用技术选编[M].北京:航空航大大学出版社.1998
[10]李华.MCS-51 系列单片机实用接口技术[M].北京航空航天大学出版.1993
[11]马家辰.MCS-51 单片机原理及接口技术[M].哈尔滨工业大学出版社.1998
[12]Atmel Corporation.AT89C52 Datasheet.1999
[13]沙占友.新型数字万用表原理与应用[M].北京.机械工业出版社.2006
[14]MAXIM.MAXl33/134 Datasheet.1995
[15]纪宗南.4 3/4位A/D转换器MAX133(134)的原理及应用[J].电子技术.1993.6.26-28
[16]黄汕.4 3/4位数字DVM及其应用[J].电测与仪表.1998.35(392).51-52
[17]庞湘萍.DAC714 在单片机系统中的层叠用[J].国外电子测量技术.2003.1.26-28
[18]Burr-Brown Corporation.16-Bit Digital-to-Analog Converter.1997
[19]Burr-Brown Corporation.Burr-Brown Corporation Product Data book..2000
[20]Burr-Brown Corporation.DAC714 Datasheet.2006
[21]Jobn Catsoulis.嵌入式硬什设计[M].北京.中国电力出版社.2004
[22]Sergio Franco.基于运算放大器和模拟集成电路的电路设计[M].西安.西安交通人学出版社.2004
[23]童诗白.模拟电子技术基础第三版[M].北京.高等教育出版社.2001
[24]余祖俊.微机检测与控制应用系统设计[M].北京.北方交通大学出版社.2001
[25]费伟中.增量式光电编码器计数与接口电路的设计[J].微特电机.2007.1.19-20
[26]许理.基于单片机的增量式光电编码器接口的设计[J].机械与电子.2006.12.9-11
[27]幸国全.RS-422接口芯片在单片机系统中的应用[f].仪表技术.2000.3.14-16
[28]Maxim Corporation.Complete,Isolated RS-485/RS-422 Data Interface.2005
[29]劭贝贝.嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-II[M].北京.北京航空航天大学出版社.2003
[30]马忠梅.单片机C语言Windows环境编程宝典[M].北京.北京航空航天大学出版社.2003
[31]包学成.一种基于PC104的嵌入式测量系统[J].自动化技术与应用.2004.23(9).74-76
[32]Advantech Company.PCM-3350 Series User's Manual.2002
[33]Advantech Company.AMD Geode~(TM)CPU Module with VGA/LCD,Ethernet &SSD.2006
[34]张冬泉等.Windows CE实用开发技术[M].北京.电子工业出版社.2006
[35]田凯等.基于 Windows CE.net 的车载平台的定制开发[J].计算机技术与发展.2006.16(3).45-47
[36]熊宇昆.Windows CE.net 内核定制[J].电子科技.2006.9.60-62
[37]张禹.Platform Builder 集成开发环境研究[J].微计算机信息.2005.21(4).115-116
[38]陈正茂,杨维忠,胡波.基于Windows CE.net平台的嵌入式系统的定制和裁剪[J].微型机与应用.2004.4.8-11
[39]Andy Wigley,Stephen Wheelwright.Microsoft.NET Compact Framework 技术内幕[M].北京.清华大学出版社.2003
[40]Douglas Boling.Microsoft Windows CE 程序设计[M].北京.北京大学出版社.1999
[41]周成朋,徐亚娟,殷小贡.Windows CE.NET 4.2下PC与单片机的串行通信[J].现代电子技术.2005.8.31-33