基于DSP的一种混沌序列扩频系统设计
摘要
传统直接扩频系统因其扩频通信方式而具有较强的抗高斯噪声和宽带干扰能力;因其多址通信特征而具有大容量通信的能力。本文在直扩系统基础上设计出一种混沌序列扩频系统,其应用了对初值非常敏感的混沌序列作为内嵌序列以及外嵌序列为M序列作为扩频码,因此该系统具有超强的保密性和抗侦破能力,还从理论上解决了由于码不平衡性引起的载波泄露问题。
本文首先介绍了扩频通信基本概念和扩频系统的分类;分析了伪码捕获性能和常用捕获方法的优劣;推导了扩频捕获时间和扩频码同步跟踪技术-DLL技术,然后介绍了QPSK数字调制解调的基本原理,为混沌扩频系统数学模型的建立和硬件仿真奠定了理论基础。
在扩频理论分析的基础上,结合实际工程载波泄露问题,本文提出MH码(混沌序列和M序列复合码)作为扩频码,介绍了MH码的构成方法,分析了其统计特性,证明了MH码适合作为扩频通信码。
应用软件无线电思想将系统模块移植到以TMS320C5416为主芯片的开发板上进行硬件仿真。系统在低中频(200kHz~500kHz)情况下,捕获时间低于传统直接扩频系统,捕获性能良好。
The traditional Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DS-SS) has abilities of resisting Gauss noises and wide band interference because of its DS communication mode, and has large communication capabilities because of its multi address communication characters. The thesis puts forwards a new Chaotic Sequence Spread Spectrum system, which has merits of super security and anti-interference because of extreme sensitivity to initial condition and characters of cutting down carrier leak because of code balance of M sequence.
First of all, the basic theory and classification of DS-SS are introduced, the capture performance and capture approaches of Pseudorandom Sequence are analyzed, and the capture time equation and Pseudorandom Sequence synchronization scheme are deduced, then, we discuss QPSK modulation and demodulation theory, all these are foundation of emulation of Chaotic Spread Spectrum system.
On the basis of analysis of DS-SS, MH sequence (M sequence embedded by chaotic sequence) as spread spectrum sequence is presented, with the consideration of carrier leak in project. The construction and statistical characters of MH sequence are proposed.
Via Software Radio (SFR) technology, the algorithm is transplanted to exploitation board with main chip of TMS320C5416 and emulated. The emulation of MH Sequence Spread Spectrum system (MHS-SS) results with the proposed approaches and capture algorithm are of effectiveness and reliability. Further, it points out that the MHS-SS system is better than traditional DS-SS system in anti-carrier leak problem.
本文首先介绍了扩频通信基本概念和扩频系统的分类;分析了伪码捕获性能和常用捕获方法的优劣;推导了扩频捕获时间和扩频码同步跟踪技术-DLL技术,然后介绍了QPSK数字调制解调的基本原理,为混沌扩频系统数学模型的建立和硬件仿真奠定了理论基础。
在扩频理论分析的基础上,结合实际工程载波泄露问题,本文提出MH码(混沌序列和M序列复合码)作为扩频码,介绍了MH码的构成方法,分析了其统计特性,证明了MH码适合作为扩频通信码。
应用软件无线电思想将系统模块移植到以TMS320C5416为主芯片的开发板上进行硬件仿真。系统在低中频(200kHz~500kHz)情况下,捕获时间低于传统直接扩频系统,捕获性能良好。
The traditional Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DS-SS) has abilities of resisting Gauss noises and wide band interference because of its DS communication mode, and has large communication capabilities because of its multi address communication characters. The thesis puts forwards a new Chaotic Sequence Spread Spectrum system, which has merits of super security and anti-interference because of extreme sensitivity to initial condition and characters of cutting down carrier leak because of code balance of M sequence.
First of all, the basic theory and classification of DS-SS are introduced, the capture performance and capture approaches of Pseudorandom Sequence are analyzed, and the capture time equation and Pseudorandom Sequence synchronization scheme are deduced, then, we discuss QPSK modulation and demodulation theory, all these are foundation of emulation of Chaotic Spread Spectrum system.
On the basis of analysis of DS-SS, MH sequence (M sequence embedded by chaotic sequence) as spread spectrum sequence is presented, with the consideration of carrier leak in project. The construction and statistical characters of MH sequence are proposed.
Via Software Radio (SFR) technology, the algorithm is transplanted to exploitation board with main chip of TMS320C5416 and emulated. The emulation of MH Sequence Spread Spectrum system (MHS-SS) results with the proposed approaches and capture algorithm are of effectiveness and reliability. Further, it points out that the MHS-SS system is better than traditional DS-SS system in anti-carrier leak problem.
引文
1孔文,李道本.扩频技术及其应用.通信产品世界. 1995(6):1~3
2 R. J. Lacky, U. D. W. Speakeasy. The Military Software Radio. IEEE Communications Magazines. 1995, (5): 2023~2027
3 Viterbi, A. J. Padovani. Very Low Rate Convolutional Code for Maximum Theoretical Performace of Spread-Sequence Multiple-Access Channels. IEEE on Selected Areas in Commu. 1990, (8):641~649
4 S. Prassad, L. C. Quynh. Class of Binary Cipher Sequences with Best Possible Autocorrelation Function. IEE Proc.CRSP. 1985, 132(7):432~444
5杨列量,李承恕.基于剩余数系统的直接序列扩频多址通信方式及其性能.电子学报. 1996, 24(7):17~22
6 H. Urkowitz. Energy Detection of Unknown Deterministic Signal. IEEE. 1967, 55:523~531
7罗来源,肖先赐.直接序列扩频信号的分路相关检测.信号处理.1998, 14(3):249~254
8 Kenneib. S.Scbneider. Optimum Detector of Code Division Multiplexed Singnals. IEEE Trans. On Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 1979, 15(1):181~185
9 Mrberb, K. Veransi, Bebner Arzberg. Optimum Detection in Syncronous Code Division Multi-Access Channels. IEEE Trans. On Information Theory. 1989, 35(l):123~136
10 A. Polydoros, C. Weber. Detection Performance Consideration for Direct-Sequence and Time-Hopping LPI Waveforms. IEEE Journal on SAC. 1985, SAC-3(5):727~744
11 Viterbi, A. J. Padovani. Implications of Mobile Cellular CDMA. IEEE. Communications Magazine. 1992, 12:38~41
12何振亚,孟志浩,何世春.直接序列扩频通信中干扰抑制的进化规划自适应非线性滤波技术.通信学报. 1998, 19(3):1~6
13杨慰民,毕光国.基于自适应小波包变换的直接序列扩频通信窄带干扰抑制技术.通信学报. 1999, 20(7):69~75
14 Yoon.Y.C, Kohno.R. A Spread Spectrum Multi-access System with a Cascadeof Co-channel Interference Cancellers for Multipath FadingChannels. IEEE Second International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Application. Yokohama, Japan, 1992:87~90
15 Yang Weimin, Bai Guangguo. Adaptive Wavelet Packet Transform-Based Narrowed Interference in DSSS Systems. IEEE Electronics Leters. 1997, 33(14):1189~1190
16 Wu Yu Fan. New Nonlinear Algorithms for Estimating Suppressing Narrow Band Interference in DS Spread Spectrum Systems. IEEE Trans. Commun. 1996, 44(4):508~515
17 Yukitoshi, Sanada. Adaptive Rake Receiver for Mobile Communication. IECE Trans Commun. 1993, (76):1002~1007
18 Viterbi, Zehavi.E.Performance of Power-Controlled Wideband Terrest-Rial Digital Communication. IEEE Trans. On Commun.1993, 41(4):559~569
19 Viterbi. Large Capacity of a Power Controlled CDMA System. IEEE Selected Areas in Commun. 1993, 11(6):892~900
20 L. C. Quynh, S. Prasad. New Class of Sequence Sets with Good AutoCrosscorrtion Functions. IEEE Proc. 1986, 133(3):255~278
21 Walter.H, W.Tuttlebee. Software Radio Technology. IEEE Communications Magazines.1999,37(2):118~123
22 Joseph. Software Radio Architecture: A Mathematical Perspective. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. 1999, 17(4):514~537
23王理德,陈高平.扩频通信技术在CDMA的应用.通信技术. 2003. 7:56~57
24任志军,姚彦,王京.无需许可频段及扩频技术的应用前景.微波与卫星通信. 1995, (1):11~15
25 J. Mitola. Technical Challenges in the Globalization of Software Radio. IEEE Communications Magazines. 1999, 37(2):84~86
26 Dimitrios Efstathiou, Jose Fridman, Zoran Zvonar. Recent Development in Enabling Technologies for Software Defined Radio. IEEE Communications Magazines. 1999, (37):112~117
27栗欣,许希斌,姚彦.基于PC和IAN构建软件无线电试验平台.无线通信技术2002, 11(2):1~5
28曾聪文.数字移动通信中的调制技术.移动通信. 1997, (2):34~37
29杨小牛,楼才义,徐建良.软件无线电原理与应用.北京电子工业出版社.2001,1:12~16
30谢飞.直接序列扩频码分多址通信技术.电讯技术. 1993, 33(2):28~32
31崔凤江,朱维乐.用于数字视频传输的直接序列扩频基带处理器.无线通信技术. 2003, 12(1):57~59
32 Dixon R.C. Spread Spectrum System. John Wiley&Sons, 1986, (10):62~77
33吕金虎.混沌时间序列分析及其应用.武汉大学出版社. 2002:25~20
34白薇,刁鸣,龚建扬.混合序列及其同步方案.应用科学技术. 2003, 30(7):18~20.
35 Heidaty Baterig, Magille MCD. A Chaotic Direct-Seqence Spread-Spectrum Communication System. IEEE Trans on Communication. 1994,42(2-4):1524~1527
36周悦,朱灿焰,汪一鸣.混沌序列的性能分析.现代电子技术. 2006, 224(9):69~71.
37李一兵,楼吉,李彬.一种新的复合混沌序列.哈尔滨工程大学学报, 2001, 22(3):75~78.
38 Haiyong Yu, Henry Leung. A Comparative Study of Different Chaos Based Spread Spectrum Communication Systems. IEEE Trans on Communication. 2001(3):213~215
39 Makoto Itoh. Chaos_Based Spred Spectrum Communication Systems. IEEE Trans. Commu. 1998, (26):430~431
40 Yinshi, Henty Leung.Narrow_Band Interference Cancellation in Spread_Spectrum Communication Systems Using Chaos. IEEE Trans. Commu. 2001, (48):848~855
41 L. B. Milstein. Interference Rejection Techniques in Spread Spectrum Communications. Processing of IEEE,1988,66(1):657~671
42 John F. Doherty, Henry Stark. Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Narrowband Interference Rejection Using Property Restoration. IEEE Commu.1996, (9):1197~1199
43 H. Vincent. Poor, Xiaodong Wang. Adaptive Suppression of Narrowband Digital Interferers from Spread Spectrum Signal. IEEE. 1996, (4):1061~1064
44 John H. Gauss, Michael B. Parsley. A Comparison of Frequency_Hop and Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Communication. IEEE. 1966, (4):435~426
2 R. J. Lacky, U. D. W. Speakeasy. The Military Software Radio. IEEE Communications Magazines. 1995, (5): 2023~2027
3 Viterbi, A. J. Padovani. Very Low Rate Convolutional Code for Maximum Theoretical Performace of Spread-Sequence Multiple-Access Channels. IEEE on Selected Areas in Commu. 1990, (8):641~649
4 S. Prassad, L. C. Quynh. Class of Binary Cipher Sequences with Best Possible Autocorrelation Function. IEE Proc.CRSP. 1985, 132(7):432~444
5杨列量,李承恕.基于剩余数系统的直接序列扩频多址通信方式及其性能.电子学报. 1996, 24(7):17~22
6 H. Urkowitz. Energy Detection of Unknown Deterministic Signal. IEEE. 1967, 55:523~531
7罗来源,肖先赐.直接序列扩频信号的分路相关检测.信号处理.1998, 14(3):249~254
8 Kenneib. S.Scbneider. Optimum Detector of Code Division Multiplexed Singnals. IEEE Trans. On Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 1979, 15(1):181~185
9 Mrberb, K. Veransi, Bebner Arzberg. Optimum Detection in Syncronous Code Division Multi-Access Channels. IEEE Trans. On Information Theory. 1989, 35(l):123~136
10 A. Polydoros, C. Weber. Detection Performance Consideration for Direct-Sequence and Time-Hopping LPI Waveforms. IEEE Journal on SAC. 1985, SAC-3(5):727~744
11 Viterbi, A. J. Padovani. Implications of Mobile Cellular CDMA. IEEE. Communications Magazine. 1992, 12:38~41
12何振亚,孟志浩,何世春.直接序列扩频通信中干扰抑制的进化规划自适应非线性滤波技术.通信学报. 1998, 19(3):1~6
13杨慰民,毕光国.基于自适应小波包变换的直接序列扩频通信窄带干扰抑制技术.通信学报. 1999, 20(7):69~75
14 Yoon.Y.C, Kohno.R. A Spread Spectrum Multi-access System with a Cascadeof Co-channel Interference Cancellers for Multipath FadingChannels. IEEE Second International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Application. Yokohama, Japan, 1992:87~90
15 Yang Weimin, Bai Guangguo. Adaptive Wavelet Packet Transform-Based Narrowed Interference in DSSS Systems. IEEE Electronics Leters. 1997, 33(14):1189~1190
16 Wu Yu Fan. New Nonlinear Algorithms for Estimating Suppressing Narrow Band Interference in DS Spread Spectrum Systems. IEEE Trans. Commun. 1996, 44(4):508~515
17 Yukitoshi, Sanada. Adaptive Rake Receiver for Mobile Communication. IECE Trans Commun. 1993, (76):1002~1007
18 Viterbi, Zehavi.E.Performance of Power-Controlled Wideband Terrest-Rial Digital Communication. IEEE Trans. On Commun.1993, 41(4):559~569
19 Viterbi. Large Capacity of a Power Controlled CDMA System. IEEE Selected Areas in Commun. 1993, 11(6):892~900
20 L. C. Quynh, S. Prasad. New Class of Sequence Sets with Good AutoCrosscorrtion Functions. IEEE Proc. 1986, 133(3):255~278
21 Walter.H, W.Tuttlebee. Software Radio Technology. IEEE Communications Magazines.1999,37(2):118~123
22 Joseph. Software Radio Architecture: A Mathematical Perspective. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. 1999, 17(4):514~537
23王理德,陈高平.扩频通信技术在CDMA的应用.通信技术. 2003. 7:56~57
24任志军,姚彦,王京.无需许可频段及扩频技术的应用前景.微波与卫星通信. 1995, (1):11~15
25 J. Mitola. Technical Challenges in the Globalization of Software Radio. IEEE Communications Magazines. 1999, 37(2):84~86
26 Dimitrios Efstathiou, Jose Fridman, Zoran Zvonar. Recent Development in Enabling Technologies for Software Defined Radio. IEEE Communications Magazines. 1999, (37):112~117
27栗欣,许希斌,姚彦.基于PC和IAN构建软件无线电试验平台.无线通信技术2002, 11(2):1~5
28曾聪文.数字移动通信中的调制技术.移动通信. 1997, (2):34~37
29杨小牛,楼才义,徐建良.软件无线电原理与应用.北京电子工业出版社.2001,1:12~16
30谢飞.直接序列扩频码分多址通信技术.电讯技术. 1993, 33(2):28~32
31崔凤江,朱维乐.用于数字视频传输的直接序列扩频基带处理器.无线通信技术. 2003, 12(1):57~59
32 Dixon R.C. Spread Spectrum System. John Wiley&Sons, 1986, (10):62~77
33吕金虎.混沌时间序列分析及其应用.武汉大学出版社. 2002:25~20
34白薇,刁鸣,龚建扬.混合序列及其同步方案.应用科学技术. 2003, 30(7):18~20.
35 Heidaty Baterig, Magille MCD. A Chaotic Direct-Seqence Spread-Spectrum Communication System. IEEE Trans on Communication. 1994,42(2-4):1524~1527
36周悦,朱灿焰,汪一鸣.混沌序列的性能分析.现代电子技术. 2006, 224(9):69~71.
37李一兵,楼吉,李彬.一种新的复合混沌序列.哈尔滨工程大学学报, 2001, 22(3):75~78.
38 Haiyong Yu, Henry Leung. A Comparative Study of Different Chaos Based Spread Spectrum Communication Systems. IEEE Trans on Communication. 2001(3):213~215
39 Makoto Itoh. Chaos_Based Spred Spectrum Communication Systems. IEEE Trans. Commu. 1998, (26):430~431
40 Yinshi, Henty Leung.Narrow_Band Interference Cancellation in Spread_Spectrum Communication Systems Using Chaos. IEEE Trans. Commu. 2001, (48):848~855
41 L. B. Milstein. Interference Rejection Techniques in Spread Spectrum Communications. Processing of IEEE,1988,66(1):657~671
42 John F. Doherty, Henry Stark. Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Narrowband Interference Rejection Using Property Restoration. IEEE Commu.1996, (9):1197~1199
43 H. Vincent. Poor, Xiaodong Wang. Adaptive Suppression of Narrowband Digital Interferers from Spread Spectrum Signal. IEEE. 1996, (4):1061~1064
44 John H. Gauss, Michael B. Parsley. A Comparison of Frequency_Hop and Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Communication. IEEE. 1966, (4):435~426