糖尿病肾病的中医证候学研究
|
摘要
目的
为了探索糖尿病肾病(DiabeticNephropathy,DN)中医证候规律,以及不同证候和性别、年龄、实验室指标的相关性,对揭示中医证候的本质做有意义的工作。
方法
本研究是“973”国家重点基础研究发展计划课题—中医防治慢性肾功能衰竭临床方法的系统生物学研究(任务书编号:2005CB523503)的部分内容。
本项研究由前瞻性研究、回顾性研究、专家问卷三部分构成。后两部分是辅助性部分,其研究的结果,是和文献研究、专家意见一起,为前瞻性研究的调查表制作、及证候学研究提供信息;前瞻性研究是主体部分,在制定调查表后,按照课题组统一制定的调查表对糖尿病肾病患者进行调查,采集北京中医药大学东直门医院等4家参研单位符合纳入标准的糖尿病肾病患者的一般情况、中医四诊信息以及相关的实验室检查结果。采用资料完整的病例。采用聚类分析、主成分分析和探索性因子分析对中医证型的分布规律进行分析和归纳;采用典型相关分析对多项实验室指标与多种中医证型的相关性进行研究和分析,探索确立公认的、科学的与中医证型相关的现代医学指标群。
回顾性研究以东直门医院等三家单位,纳入标准的糖尿病肾病患者的一般情况、中医四诊信息,采用资料完整的病例,分析、归纳其中的中医症状,探索该病中医症状组成和证候的分布规律;专家问卷,由国内该领域的知名专家组成专家组,对问卷亲自填写,最后收集问卷对结果行分析,以补充回顾性的资料,为建立此次研究的调查表提供信息。
结果
我们对糖尿病肾病传统证候学研究时发现该病Ⅲ期患者以阴虚、气虚为主要表现;Ⅳ期患者证候以气虚、阴虚为主要表现;Ⅴ期患者则以气虚、阳虚为主要表现,可以看出阴虚、气虚到阳虚是糖尿病肾病的发展趋势,且三期均存在气、阴、阳虚的本虚证候,和痰湿和血瘀的标实证候。
本次研究发现,该病单纯的虚证、单纯的实证极少,Ⅲ期中虚实夹杂66例,占86.4%,Ⅳ期虚实夹杂102例,占93.6%,Ⅴ期中虚实夹杂55例,占100%,其中主要是三证以上的虚实证型组合,体现了本病病情的复杂性。
聚类分析、主成分分析和探索性因子分析结果基本符合证候调查表涉及的中医证候,由此从数理学角度反证了气、血、阴、阳虚证以及夹杂痰湿(湿浊)、血瘀证是糖尿病肾病重要因素。典型相关分析显示气虚证、阴虚证与和肌酐有密切关系。
结论
1.糖尿病肾病患者早期以气虚证、阴虚证为主要临床表现,而到了后期则主要以气虚、阳虚证、湿浊的临床表现为主了;作为标实证候的痰湿证和血瘀证则贯穿在整个疾病的发展过程中,这和传统认为的糖尿病及其并发证的病机是吻合的。该病病机复杂,证候虚实夹杂。由此也验证了吕仁和教授提出的以“正虚定证型,邪实定证候”的辨证思路和“活血化瘀,软坚散结”治法的科学性。
2.通过采用聚类分析、主成分分析和探索性因子分析,从数理学角度验证了数位该病研究领域知名专家的临床经验。提示我们根据临床流行病学原理和方法,严格按DME进行设计的证候学研究,将专家经验作为对照的“金标准”进行临床验证是可行的。
3.典型相关结果提示了该病“本虚标实”,“因虚致实”的病机特点,体现了吕仁和教授提出的糖尿病肾病“虚损、劳、衰”的病理进程。
4.采用如聚类分析、探索性因子分析、典型相关分析等常见的降维统计学方法进行证候学研究具有一定的意义。
5.前瞻性研究的结果与回顾性研究、专家问卷的结果是相符的,这说明回顾性研究、反复的征询专家意见是证候学研究的获得正确结果的基础,是证候学研究非常重要的部分,是制定调查表和证候学研究的必需。
Objective
To discuss the TCM syndrome pattern of diabetic nephropathy, and the relativity ofdifferent TCM syndrome with sex, age and laboratory indices, so as to explore the characterofTCMsyndrome.
Methods
This research is part of program 973 grant (No.2005CB23503)from the Ministry ofScience and Technology to P.L—the systematic biology research of clinic methodology inpreventingandtreatingchronicrenalfailurebyTCM.
This research is composed of prospective study, retrospective study and specialistquestionnaire, of which the most principal is the prospective study. The results of theretrospective study and the specialist questionnaire, together with literature consultation andspecialist opinion, are the basic of the questionnaire and the TCM syndrome study.Theresearch proceeds with the questionnaire of diabetic nephropathy established according to taskgroup. The included DN patients were all from Dongzhimen Hospital affiliated to Beijinguniversityof Chinese Medicine and three other units of the study. The general conditions, fourdiagnostic information of TCM and relative laboratory indices of patients with completeinformationwerecollected.
Themethodsofclusteringanalysis,principalcomponentanalysisandfactoranalysiswereadopted to analyse and sum up the distribution of TCM syndrome. The canonical correlationanalysis was adopted to analyse the relativity of the laboratory indices with different TCMsyndromes, so as toestablish agenerallyaccepted, scientificlaboratoryindices relatedtoTCMsyndrome.
The retrospective study was conducted in Dongzhimen Hospital affiliated to Beijinguniversity of Chinese Medicine. The general conditions, four diagnostic information of TCMof enrolled patients with complete data were collected to analyse and sum up the TCMsyndrome and explore the general law of the distribution of symptomes and syndromes of DN.The questionnaires were filled up by twenty-seven well-known Chinese specialists in person.The results were collected to serve as a compensatory material for the retrospective study andtoprovideinformationfortheconstructionofthequestionaire.
Results
The main syndromes of the patients in stage III (Mogenson ) DN are deficiency of Yinand deficiency of Qi, the syndromes of patients with stage IV DN are deficiency of and Qideficiencyof Yin; while for the stage V syndromes are mainlydeficiencyof and Qi deficiencyof Yang. Phlegm and dampness, stagnation of blood stasis are evenly distributed in the threestages of DN. The tendency of progressing from deficiency of Yin to deficiency of Qi andfinallydificiencyofyangisthemainprocedureofDN.
This research also disclosed that there are rarely pure deficiency syndrome or pureexcessivesyndrome.Thereare66cases(86.4%)inthethirdstageDNwithcombinedsyndromeofdeficiencyandexcessiveness,and102cases (93.6%)instage IVand55cases(100%)instage Vrespectively,mostofwhicharethecombinationofmorethanthreesyndromes.
The results of clustering analysis, principal component analysis and factor analysis areapproximately inaccordencewiththe7groupsofTCMsyndromeinquestionary,andprovedthat deficiency of Qi, deficiency of Xue, deficiency of Yin, deficiency of Yang, phlegm anddampness,dampnessandturbid,stagnationofbloodstasisarebasicTCMsyndromeelementindiabetic nephropathy. The results of canonical correlation analysis displayed that there arepertinencebetweenthedeficiencyofQiandScr,deficiencyofYinandScr.
Conclusion
1.The main TCM syndrome of DN patients in the early stage are deficiency of Qi,deficiency of Yin, and in the forth and the fifth stage of diabetic nephropathy are mainlydeficiencyofYang.TheTCMsyndromeofphlegmanddampness, stagnationofbloodstasisare in the whole procedure of DN, in accordence with the traditional TCM pathogenesis. Andthe pathogenesis of this disease is complicated, deficiencysyndrome accompanied with excesssyndrome.Theresultsprovedprofessorlv’sciencestandpoint.
2.The results of clustering analysis, principal component analysis and factor analysis alsomanifested the several well-known experts’clinical experience, and hint us that according tothe clinical Epidemiology principle methods, proceeding the strictly designation of the TCMsyndrome research,then theexpert experiencebywayofthe goldstandard that checkedbytheclinicalverificationisviable.
3.Theresults ofcanonical correlationanalysis indicatethat standpoint ofdeficiencyoftheprimary and excessive of the secondary, that standpoint of deficiency causing excessive;alsoindicatethatprofessorLv’sstandpointthatpathologicaldevelopmenttrendis“XuShun、Lao、Shuai”inDN.
4. The results of clustering analysis, canonical correlation analysis, principal componentsanalysisandfactoranalysishavedefinitesignificationinTCMsyndromeresearch.
5.Theresultofprospective study is consistent with the resultof retrospective study and thespecialist questionnaire, showingthat retrospectivestudyandthespecialist questionnaireis thebasisforgainingrightresult,andisabsolutelyanecessarypartofTCMsyndromestudy.
为了探索糖尿病肾病(DiabeticNephropathy,DN)中医证候规律,以及不同证候和性别、年龄、实验室指标的相关性,对揭示中医证候的本质做有意义的工作。
方法
本研究是“973”国家重点基础研究发展计划课题—中医防治慢性肾功能衰竭临床方法的系统生物学研究(任务书编号:2005CB523503)的部分内容。
本项研究由前瞻性研究、回顾性研究、专家问卷三部分构成。后两部分是辅助性部分,其研究的结果,是和文献研究、专家意见一起,为前瞻性研究的调查表制作、及证候学研究提供信息;前瞻性研究是主体部分,在制定调查表后,按照课题组统一制定的调查表对糖尿病肾病患者进行调查,采集北京中医药大学东直门医院等4家参研单位符合纳入标准的糖尿病肾病患者的一般情况、中医四诊信息以及相关的实验室检查结果。采用资料完整的病例。采用聚类分析、主成分分析和探索性因子分析对中医证型的分布规律进行分析和归纳;采用典型相关分析对多项实验室指标与多种中医证型的相关性进行研究和分析,探索确立公认的、科学的与中医证型相关的现代医学指标群。
回顾性研究以东直门医院等三家单位,纳入标准的糖尿病肾病患者的一般情况、中医四诊信息,采用资料完整的病例,分析、归纳其中的中医症状,探索该病中医症状组成和证候的分布规律;专家问卷,由国内该领域的知名专家组成专家组,对问卷亲自填写,最后收集问卷对结果行分析,以补充回顾性的资料,为建立此次研究的调查表提供信息。
结果
我们对糖尿病肾病传统证候学研究时发现该病Ⅲ期患者以阴虚、气虚为主要表现;Ⅳ期患者证候以气虚、阴虚为主要表现;Ⅴ期患者则以气虚、阳虚为主要表现,可以看出阴虚、气虚到阳虚是糖尿病肾病的发展趋势,且三期均存在气、阴、阳虚的本虚证候,和痰湿和血瘀的标实证候。
本次研究发现,该病单纯的虚证、单纯的实证极少,Ⅲ期中虚实夹杂66例,占86.4%,Ⅳ期虚实夹杂102例,占93.6%,Ⅴ期中虚实夹杂55例,占100%,其中主要是三证以上的虚实证型组合,体现了本病病情的复杂性。
聚类分析、主成分分析和探索性因子分析结果基本符合证候调查表涉及的中医证候,由此从数理学角度反证了气、血、阴、阳虚证以及夹杂痰湿(湿浊)、血瘀证是糖尿病肾病重要因素。典型相关分析显示气虚证、阴虚证与和肌酐有密切关系。
结论
1.糖尿病肾病患者早期以气虚证、阴虚证为主要临床表现,而到了后期则主要以气虚、阳虚证、湿浊的临床表现为主了;作为标实证候的痰湿证和血瘀证则贯穿在整个疾病的发展过程中,这和传统认为的糖尿病及其并发证的病机是吻合的。该病病机复杂,证候虚实夹杂。由此也验证了吕仁和教授提出的以“正虚定证型,邪实定证候”的辨证思路和“活血化瘀,软坚散结”治法的科学性。
2.通过采用聚类分析、主成分分析和探索性因子分析,从数理学角度验证了数位该病研究领域知名专家的临床经验。提示我们根据临床流行病学原理和方法,严格按DME进行设计的证候学研究,将专家经验作为对照的“金标准”进行临床验证是可行的。
3.典型相关结果提示了该病“本虚标实”,“因虚致实”的病机特点,体现了吕仁和教授提出的糖尿病肾病“虚损、劳、衰”的病理进程。
4.采用如聚类分析、探索性因子分析、典型相关分析等常见的降维统计学方法进行证候学研究具有一定的意义。
5.前瞻性研究的结果与回顾性研究、专家问卷的结果是相符的,这说明回顾性研究、反复的征询专家意见是证候学研究的获得正确结果的基础,是证候学研究非常重要的部分,是制定调查表和证候学研究的必需。
Objective
To discuss the TCM syndrome pattern of diabetic nephropathy, and the relativity ofdifferent TCM syndrome with sex, age and laboratory indices, so as to explore the characterofTCMsyndrome.
Methods
This research is part of program 973 grant (No.2005CB23503)from the Ministry ofScience and Technology to P.L—the systematic biology research of clinic methodology inpreventingandtreatingchronicrenalfailurebyTCM.
This research is composed of prospective study, retrospective study and specialistquestionnaire, of which the most principal is the prospective study. The results of theretrospective study and the specialist questionnaire, together with literature consultation andspecialist opinion, are the basic of the questionnaire and the TCM syndrome study.Theresearch proceeds with the questionnaire of diabetic nephropathy established according to taskgroup. The included DN patients were all from Dongzhimen Hospital affiliated to Beijinguniversityof Chinese Medicine and three other units of the study. The general conditions, fourdiagnostic information of TCM and relative laboratory indices of patients with completeinformationwerecollected.
Themethodsofclusteringanalysis,principalcomponentanalysisandfactoranalysiswereadopted to analyse and sum up the distribution of TCM syndrome. The canonical correlationanalysis was adopted to analyse the relativity of the laboratory indices with different TCMsyndromes, so as toestablish agenerallyaccepted, scientificlaboratoryindices relatedtoTCMsyndrome.
The retrospective study was conducted in Dongzhimen Hospital affiliated to Beijinguniversity of Chinese Medicine. The general conditions, four diagnostic information of TCMof enrolled patients with complete data were collected to analyse and sum up the TCMsyndrome and explore the general law of the distribution of symptomes and syndromes of DN.The questionnaires were filled up by twenty-seven well-known Chinese specialists in person.The results were collected to serve as a compensatory material for the retrospective study andtoprovideinformationfortheconstructionofthequestionaire.
Results
The main syndromes of the patients in stage III (Mogenson ) DN are deficiency of Yinand deficiency of Qi, the syndromes of patients with stage IV DN are deficiency of and Qideficiencyof Yin; while for the stage V syndromes are mainlydeficiencyof and Qi deficiencyof Yang. Phlegm and dampness, stagnation of blood stasis are evenly distributed in the threestages of DN. The tendency of progressing from deficiency of Yin to deficiency of Qi andfinallydificiencyofyangisthemainprocedureofDN.
This research also disclosed that there are rarely pure deficiency syndrome or pureexcessivesyndrome.Thereare66cases(86.4%)inthethirdstageDNwithcombinedsyndromeofdeficiencyandexcessiveness,and102cases (93.6%)instage IVand55cases(100%)instage Vrespectively,mostofwhicharethecombinationofmorethanthreesyndromes.
The results of clustering analysis, principal component analysis and factor analysis areapproximately inaccordencewiththe7groupsofTCMsyndromeinquestionary,andprovedthat deficiency of Qi, deficiency of Xue, deficiency of Yin, deficiency of Yang, phlegm anddampness,dampnessandturbid,stagnationofbloodstasisarebasicTCMsyndromeelementindiabetic nephropathy. The results of canonical correlation analysis displayed that there arepertinencebetweenthedeficiencyofQiandScr,deficiencyofYinandScr.
Conclusion
1.The main TCM syndrome of DN patients in the early stage are deficiency of Qi,deficiency of Yin, and in the forth and the fifth stage of diabetic nephropathy are mainlydeficiencyofYang.TheTCMsyndromeofphlegmanddampness, stagnationofbloodstasisare in the whole procedure of DN, in accordence with the traditional TCM pathogenesis. Andthe pathogenesis of this disease is complicated, deficiencysyndrome accompanied with excesssyndrome.Theresultsprovedprofessorlv’sciencestandpoint.
2.The results of clustering analysis, principal component analysis and factor analysis alsomanifested the several well-known experts’clinical experience, and hint us that according tothe clinical Epidemiology principle methods, proceeding the strictly designation of the TCMsyndrome research,then theexpert experiencebywayofthe goldstandard that checkedbytheclinicalverificationisviable.
3.Theresults ofcanonical correlationanalysis indicatethat standpoint ofdeficiencyoftheprimary and excessive of the secondary, that standpoint of deficiency causing excessive;alsoindicatethatprofessorLv’sstandpointthatpathologicaldevelopmenttrendis“XuShun、Lao、Shuai”inDN.
4. The results of clustering analysis, canonical correlation analysis, principal componentsanalysisandfactoranalysishavedefinitesignificationinTCMsyndromeresearch.
5.Theresultofprospective study is consistent with the resultof retrospective study and thespecialist questionnaire, showingthat retrospectivestudyandthespecialist questionnaireis thebasisforgainingrightresult,andisabsolutelyanecessarypartofTCMsyndromestudy.
引文
1.吕仁和,赵进喜,王越.糖尿病肾病的临床研究述评 1994,17(2):2-3.
2.赵进喜,邓德强,李靖.糖尿病肾病相关中医病名考辨.南京中医药大学学报,2005,21(5):288.
3.MogensenCE.Natural history of renalfunctionalabnormal aties in human diabetesmellitus from norm albuminuria toincipient and overt nephropathy.The Kidneyin Diabetes Mellitus.New York;Livingstone,1989;19.
4.毛黎明,俞东容,涂晓.辨证与辨病相结合治疗糖尿病肾病 32 例. 浙江中医学院学报,25(6):17-18.
5.张甲臣.浅谈糖尿病肾病的中医治疗. 河南中医,1999,19(4):21.
6.周恩庆.王西周老师治疗糖尿病肾病经验介绍.陕西中医,2001,22(4): 225-226.
7.陈以平.肾病的辨证与辨病治疗.人民卫生出版社,2003,147-148.
8.沈稚舟,吴松华,邵福源,陈国辉主编.糖尿病慢性并发症.上海:上海医科大学出版社,1999,175-176.
9.吕贵德.辨证论治糖尿病肾病 38 例疗效观察. 河北中医,2002,24:103-104.
10.刘从明,何金霞.辨证治疗糖尿病肾病临床观察.内蒙古中医药,1996,3:4-6.
11.张珍先,宋小平.糖尿病肾病的辨证施治.光明中医,2006,21(1):16.
12.成秀梅.任琢珊治疗糖尿病肾病的经验.陕西中医,2003, 24(10):921.
13.王付民.糖尿病肾病中医药治法探析. 辽宁中医杂志, 28(11):650-651.
14.鲁盈,楼狄.糖尿病肾病的诊断与中医治疗.浙江中西医结合杂志.1997,7(4):201-203.
15.邓经林.48 例糖尿病肾病的中医辨证论治.江西中医药,2001,32(5):29.
16.郑庆媛.糖尿病肾病辨证分型论治.实用中医内科杂志。2003, 17(2):72.
17.王改勤,姚丽,张寒梅. 辨证治疗糖尿病肾病体会.江西中医药,2004,35(8):49.
18.傅能,赵韧.中西医结合治疗早期糖尿病肾病临床观察.现代中西医结合杂志,2006,
15(8):989.
19.罗月中.叶任高教授治疗糖尿病肾病的经验.中国中西医结合肾病杂志,2001,2(8):
438-440.
20.郭连川.辨证治疗糖尿病性肾病 54 例.辽宁中医杂志,1993,3:19-20.
21.赵宗江.叶传蕙教授治疗糖尿病肾病的思路与方法.中国中西医结合肾病杂志,2006,7(3):129-131.
22.张庚良.糖尿病肾病的辨证治疗.河北中医,2005,27(8):594.
23.唐礴,蔡美珠.糖尿病肾病的中医辨证治疗.泸州医学院学报.1995,18(2): 114-115.
24.苏小惠,戴舜珍.中西医结合治疗糖尿病肾病 40 例临床观察.辽宁中医杂志,2006,33(1)92-93.
25.陈筱云,赵莉娟.从“瘀”论治糖尿病肾病.中国中医基础医学杂志,2002,8(7):53.
26.仝小林,张志远,李宁,等.糖尿病肾病的中医治疗.中国医药学报,1998,13(4):50-53.
27.南一,南红梅,何泽. 南征教授治疗消渴肾病(糖尿病肾病)的经验.长春中医学院学报,2004,20(3):8-9.
28.宋述菊,牟宗秀.糖尿病肾病病因病机及辨治探讨.山东中医杂志,1999, 18(4):147-148.
29.张玉璞,刘玉英.辨证治疗糖尿病肾病.河北中医,1999,21(5):292.
30.徐云生,李莹.程益春治疗糖尿病肾病及视网膜病变经验.山东中医杂志,1998,17卷(1):32-33.
31.程益春,糖尿病肾病证治体会.江苏中医药,2002,23(12):1.
32.尹义辉,牟淑敏.程益春治疗糖尿病肾病经验. 山东中医药大学学报,2002, 26(4):283-284.
33.程益春,徐灿坤.中医辨证配合口服木糖醇治疗糖尿病肾病疗效观察.山东中医药大学学报,2003,27(1):48-49.
34.赵会贤,苏荣华,高新业.糖尿病肾病的病因病机及证治浅识. 中医药学刊,2004,22(9):1760-1763.
35.张瑞彬,糖尿病肾病中医辨治体会. 河南中医,2003 年,23(9):66-67.
36.王晓光,王亚丽,张琪.张琪教授辨治糖尿病肾病经验介绍. 陕西中医,2004,25(12):1116-1118.
37.王晓光,王亚丽,张佩清.张琪教授辨治糖尿病肾病经验介绍. 新中医,2005 年 37(3):20-21.
38.刘喜明,智文.糖尿病肾病的诊治与分型方法.中国中医基础医学杂志,1999,5(7):
41-44.
39.周保林,柏喜林,庞莉.贺永清主任医师治疗糖尿病肾病经验.陕西中医学院学报,
27(3): 14-15.
40.梁炜,李世华.糖尿病肾病的发病机理和辨治思路.四川中医, 2003,21(7):7-8.
41.李大钧,范克.糖尿病肾病的中医辨证治疗.河北中医,2001,23(9):682.
42.王立新.杨霓芝主任医师治疗糖尿病肾病经验拾萃.中医药研究,2000,16(6): 36.
43.杨霓芝,李芳,徐大基,等,糖尿病肾病分期辨证治疗的探讨,辽宁中医杂志, 1999,
26(1):16-17.
44.詹锐文,李敬. 糖尿病肾病的中医分型辨治浅析.实用中医内科杂志, 2004,18 卷(6): 566-567.
45.丁学屏.糖尿病肾病治疗方法举要. 世界中医药学会联合会糖尿病专业委员会第三次国际中医糖尿病学术交流会论文集,2006,104-106.
46.林兰.糖尿病中西医结合论治.北京:北京科学技术出版社,1997,404-407.
47.倪青.著名中医学家林兰教授学术经验系列之四病机以气阴两虚为主治疗当益气养阴为先——治疗糖尿病肾病的经验整理.辽宁中医杂志, 2000,27(4):145-146.
48.孙炜.早期糖尿病肾病的中医辨证治疗. 浙江中医学院学报,1999,2(4):14.
49.董兴刚.张庆怡治疗早期糖尿病肾病临床经验.浙江中西医结合杂志,2005,15(12):
751.
50.孙伟, 何伟明.糖尿病肾病蛋白尿的中医药治疗体会.江苏中医药,2002,23(5):
18-19.
51.任爱华,阚方旭.糖尿病肾病三焦辨治,山东中医杂志.2000,19(6):328-329.
52.高阳,李琪.刘启庭辨治糖尿病肾病经验. 河南中医,1997,17(1):31-32.
53.张彤.名医经验叶景华主任治疗糖尿病肾病的临床经验.中医药信息,2003,20(3):29-30.
54.翁苓,张丽霞.周国英主任治疗糖尿病肾病的经验总结.福建中医药,2005 2005,36(6):14.
55.肖相如.著名肾病学家时振声教授系列经验之八糖尿病肾病的证治经验. 辽宁中医杂志, 1998,25(8):346.
56.冯健春,倪青.时振声教授治疗糖尿病肾病经验述要.1996,23(12):534-535.
57.倪青,时振声. 糖尿病肾病辨证论治体会.中医函授通讯,1997,16(1):11-12.
58.吕仁和主编.糖尿病及其并发症中西医诊治学.第 1 版.北京:人民卫生出版社,1997,330-334.
59.吕仁和,赵进喜.糖尿病肾病临床研究述评,北京中医药大学学报,1994,17,(2):2-6.
60.王越.吕仁和用“六对论治”诊治糖尿病及其并发症的经验.中国医药学报,1998,13(4):46-49.
61.吕仁和,王越.糖尿病肾病分期辨治与 568 例临床分析.中国医药学报,1994, 9(4):5-8.
62.魏子孝.糖尿病肾病的中医药治疗经验.世界中医药学会联合会糖尿病专业委员会专家文集第二辑,2005,102-106.
63.戴京璋,吕仁和,赵进喜,等.糖尿病肾病中医证治.北京中医药大学学报,2002,25(5):65-66.
64.高彦彬,易京红.中医药辨治糖尿病肾病 100 例临床分析.中医杂志,1991(7):31-34.
65.刘铜华,郑鸿雁. 糖尿病肾病的中医药诊治述要. 国际中医中药杂志,2006, 28( 3 ): 187-190.
66.牟新,宋美玲. 赵进喜教授治疗糖尿病肾病经验介绍.新中医,2005,37(11):15-16.
67.吕仁和,赵进喜,王世东.糖尿病及其并发症的临床研究.新中医,2001,33(3): 3-5.
68.赵进喜主编.内分泌代谢病中西医诊治.第 1 版.沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,2004,198-214.
1. Jin Y, Moriya T, Tanaka K, etal. Glumerular hyperfiltration in noprote in uric andnon-hypertensiveJanpanesetype2diabeticpatients.DiabetesRrsClinPract,2005:23.
2. Banerjec S,Ghosh US,Saha SJ.Role of GFR estimation in assessment of the status ofnephropathyintype2diabetesmellitus.JAssocPhysiciansIndia,2005,53:181-184.
3. Lane P.Diabetic kidney disease: impact of puberty.Am J Physiol Renal Physiol,2002,283:F589-F600.
4. Wolf G,Ziyadeh FN.The role angiotensin Ⅱ in diabetic nephropathy: emphasis onnonhemodynamicmechanisms.AmJKidDis,1997,29:153-163.
5. Anderson S. Role of local and systemic angiotensin in diabetic renal disease. KidneyInt.1997,52(Suppl63):S107-S110.
6. AbboudHE.Growthfactorsanddiabeticnephropathyoverview.KidneyInt,1997,60:3-6.
7. Shaho VO, Dorin RI, Sun Y,etal. Aldose reductase gene expression is increased indiabeticnephropathy[J].JClinEndocrinolMetab, 1997, 82(7)2294-2298.
8. Bernadet-MonroziesP,RostainingL, Kamar ,etal.PresseMed, 2002, 31(36):1714-1720.
9. KyriabisJM,AvruchI.Mammalianmitogen-activatedproteinkinasesignaltransductionpathwaysactivatedbystressandinflammation.PhysiolRev.2001Apr, 81(2):807-869.
10. Choi ME.Mechanism of transforming growth factor-β1 signaling: Role of themitogen-activatedproteinkinase.KidneyInt, 2000, supple(77): s53-s58.
11. HaH,KimKH.Pathogenesisofdiabeticnephropathy: theroleofoxidativestressandproteinkinaseC.DiabetesResClinPract.1999Sep;45(2-3): 147-51.
12. Kang Mj, Wu X, Ly H, etal. Effect of glucose on stress-activated protein kinaseactivityinmesangialcellsanddiabeticglomeruli.KidnInt, 1999Jun,55:2203-2214.
13. Wilmer WA, Cosio FG. DN .A binding of activator protein-1 is increased in humanmesangialcellsculturedinhighglucoseconcentrations.KidnInt,1998,53:1172-1181.
14. IshidaT,HanedaM,MaedaS,etal.Stretch-inducedoverproductionoffibro-nectininmesangialcellsismediatedbytheactivationofmitogen-activatedproteinkinase.Diabetes,1999,48:595-602.
15. IngromA,LyH,ThaiK.Mesangialcellsignalingcascadesinresponsetomechanicalstrainandglucose.KidneyInt.1999Nov;56(5):1721-1728.
16. Cheng HL, Feldman EL. Bidirectional regulation of p38 kinase and c-Jun N-terminalprotein kinase by insulin-like growth factor-I. JBiolChem, 1998Jun 5,273(23):14560-14565.
17. CarlsonCJ,KoterskiS,SciottiRJ,etal.Enhancedbasalactivationofmitogen-activatedprote in k inases inadipocytes from type2 diabetes:potential role of p38 in thedowngradulationofGLUT-4expression.Diabetes, 2003,52:634-641.
18. Bugun N, Ragolia L. High glucose and insulin inhibit VSMCMKP-1 expression byblockingiNOsviap38-MAPKactivation.AMJPhysiolcellPhysiol,2002,278:C81-C91.
19. KumarJM,BrooksDP,OlsonBA,etal.Sgk,aputativeserine 、threoninekinase,is differentially expressed in the kidney of diabetic mice and humans. J Am SocNephrol, 1999Dec, 10(12):2488-2494.
20. Lang F, Klinge lK, Wagner CA,etal. Deranged transcriptional regulation ofcell-volume-sensitive kinase hSGK in diabetic nephropathy.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.2000Jul5,97(14):8157-8162.
21. BusjahnA, AydinA, UhlmannR, etal.Serum-andglucocorticoid-regulatedkinase(SGK1)geneandbloodpressure.Hypertension, 2002Sep, 40(3):256-260.
22. Pugliese G, Pricci F, Leto G, etal.Thediabetic milieu modulates the advancedglycation end product-receptor complex in the mesangium by inducing or up regulatinggalectin-3expression.Diabetes, 2000, 49:1249-1257.
23. JensenLJ,Ostergard J, FlyvbjergA. AGE-RAGE and AGE Cross-link interaction:important players in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. Horm Metab Res,2005,37suppl1:26-34.
24. Wautier JL, Schmidt AM.Prote in glycation: affirm link to endo the lial -celldysfunction.CircRes,2004,95(3):233-238.
25. AttmanPO, Knight-GibsonC, TavellaM, etal.Thecompositionalabnorm-alitiesoflipoproteinsindiabeticrenalfailure.NephrolDialTransplant,1998,13:2833-2841.
26. Kramer-Guth A,Quaschning T,Pavenstadt H,etal. Uptake and metabolism oflipoproteins from patients with diabetes mellitus type by glomerular epithelial cells.NephroDialTransplant,1997,12:1336-1343.
26. Ruan XZ,Varghese Z,Powis SH,etal.Human mesangia cells expressin duciblemacrophagescavengerreceptor.KidneyInt,1999,56:440-451.
27. 刘志红,黎磊石.糖尿病肾病发病机理[J].中华肾脏病杂志,1999,15(2):122-123.
28. Schena FP, Gesualdo L. Pathogenetic mechanisms of diabetic ne phropathy.JAM SocNephrol.2005,16Suppl1:S30-S33.
29. Wolf G, Chen S, Ziyadeh FN. From the periphery of glume rular capil larywalltoward the center of disease : podocyte injury comes of age in diabeticnephropathy.Diabetes,2005,54(6):1626-1634.
30. ZiyadehFN,HanDC,CohenJA,etal.Glycatedalbuminstimulatesfibronectingeneexpressioning lomerular mesangial cells in volvement of the transforming growthfactor-βsystem[J].KidneyInt,1998,53:631-638.
31. EllisP,ForrestKY,ErbeyJ,etal.Urinarymeasurementoftransforming growthfactor-βand type collagenas new markers of renal injury:application indiabeticnephropathy[J].ClinNephrol, 1998, 44:950-956.
32. 吴永贵,林善锬.阻断肾素 2 血管紧张素系统下调糖尿病大鼠肾组织转化生长因子 B受体表达[J].中华肾脏病杂志,1999,15(1):10-13.
33. FlyvbjergA,KhatirDS,JensenLJ,etal.Theinvolvementofgrowthhormone(GH),insulin-like growth factor(IGFs) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) indiabetickindneydisease.CurrPharmDes,2004,10(27):3385-3394.
34. 王尧,翟卫中,钟历勇等.IGF-1、EGF 在糖尿病肾病中的变化及临床意义.南京铁道医学院学报 2000,1(2):109-110.
35. 刘红燕,王丽芬,劳英兰等.胰岛素样生长因子-1 和生长激素与 2 型糖尿病肾病的关系.临床荟萃 2001,1(9):395-396,
36. 刘红燕,王丽芬,劳英兰等.IGF-1 与 2 型糖尿病肾病程度的关系.中国慢性病预防与控制 2001,9(4):163-164.
37. 马娜,刘志红.血管内皮细胞生长因子及其与肾脏病的关系[J].肾脏病与透析肾移植杂志,1999,8(4):367-370.
38. DuhE,AielloLP.Vascularendothelialgrowthfactoranddiabetes:theagonistversusantagonistparadox[J].Diabetes,1999,48:1899-1906.
39. Cooper M E, Vranes D, Yonseef S, etal.Increased renal expression of vascularrendothelial growthfactor(VEGF) and its receptor VEGFR-2 in experimentaldiabetes[J].Diabetes,1999,48:2229-2239.
40. ChaDR, KimNH, YoonJW, etal.Roleofvascularrendothelialgrowthfactorindiabeticnephropathy[J].KidneyInt, 2000, 58(Suppl775):104-112.
41. OstendorfT,KunterV,EitnerF,etal.VEGFmediatesglomerularendothelialrepair[J].JClinInvest,1999,104:913-923.
42. Leehey DJ, Singgh A K,Alavi N, etal. Role of angiotensin Ⅱ in diabeticephropathy.KidneyInt,2000,58(Suppl77):93-98.
43. Miller-KasprzakE,Niemir ZI,Czekalski S.Theroleofplatelet-derived growthfactorA(PDGF-A) in hypertension and renal dis ease.Pol Merkuriusz Lek,2004,16(94):403-405.
44. Langham RG, Kelly DJ, Maguire J, etal. Over expression of platelet-derivedgrowthfactorinhumandiabeticnephropathy[J].NephrologyDialysis Transplantation,2003,18(7):1392-1396.
45. Hida M, Fujita H, Ishikura K, etal.Eicosapentaenoic acid inhibits PDGF-inducedmitogenesis and cyclin D1 expression via TGF-beta in mesangial cells[J].Journal ofCellularPhysiology,2003,196(2):293-300.
46. NakagawaH, SasahataM, HenadaM, etal.Immunohistochemicalcharacterizationof glomerular PDGFB-chain and PDGF beta-receptor expression in diabeticrats[J].DiebetesResClinPract,2000May,48(2):87-98.
47. Caroline Sassy Prigent, Didier Heudes, Chantal Mandet,etal.Early glomerularmacrophage recruitment in streptozotocin_induced diabetic rats [J]. Diabetes.2000,49(3):466-475.
48. NishokaH,KanauchiM,DohiK.RoleofmonocytechemotacticpeptideⅠindiabeticnephropathy[J].Nephron,2001,88(2):189-190.
49. 吕文山,王海燕,李长贵等.糖尿病肾病的分子遗传学进展.国外医学·内分泌分册,2001,21:96-98.
50. 叶薛,李红.心房肽与糖尿病肾病.国外医学·内分泌分册,1999,19:253-254.
51. 史国辉, 吴乃君.对氧磷酯酶-1 基因多态性与 2 型糖尿病性肾病的关系研究.中国综合临床, 2007,(02):44-46.医学院学报 2000,1(2):109-110.
35. 刘红燕,王丽芬,劳英兰等.胰岛素样生长因子-1 和生长激素与 2 型糖尿病肾病的关系.临床荟萃 2001,1(9):395-396,
36. 刘红燕,王丽芬,劳英兰等.IGF-1 与 2 型糖尿病肾病程度的关系.中国慢性病预防与控制 2001,9(4):163-164.
37. 马娜,刘志红.血管内皮细胞生长因子及其与肾脏病的关系[J].肾脏病与透析肾移植杂志,1999,8(4):367-370.
38. DuhE,AielloLP.Vascularendothelialgrowthfactoranddiabetes:theagonistversusantagonistparadox[J].Diabetes,1999,48:1899-1906.
39. Cooper M E, Vranes D, Yonseef S, etal.Increased renal expression of vascularrendothelial growthfactor(VEGF) and its receptor VEGFR-2 in experimentaldiabetes[J].Diabetes,1999,48:2229-2239.
40. ChaDR, KimNH, YoonJW, etal.Roleofvascularrendothelialgrowthfactorindiabeticnephropathy[J].KidneyInt, 2000, 58(Suppl775):104-112.
41. OstendorfT,KunterV,EitnerF,etal.VEGFmediatesglomerularendothelialrepair[J].JClinInvest,1999,104:913-923.
42. Leehey DJ, Singgh A K,Alavi N, etal. Role of angiotensin Ⅱ in diabeticephropathy.KidneyInt,2000,58(Suppl77):93-98.
43. Miller-KasprzakE,Niemir ZI,Czekalski S.Theroleofplatelet-derived growthfactorA(PDGF-A) in hypertension and renal dis ease.Pol Merkuriusz Lek,2004,16(94):403-405.
44. Langham RG, Kelly DJ, Maguire J, etal. Over expression of platelet-derivedgrowthfactorinhumandiabeticnephropathy[J].NephrologyDialysis Transplantation,2003,18(7):1392-1396.
45. Hida M, Fujita H, Ishikura K, etal.Eicosapentaenoic acid inhibits PDGF-inducedmitogenesis and cyclin D1 expression via TGF-beta in mesangial cells[J].Journal ofCellularPhysiology,2003,196(2):293-300.
46. NakagawaH, SasahataM, HenadaM, etal.Immunohistochemicalcharacterizationof glomerular PDGFB-chain and PDGF beta-receptor expression in diabeticrats[J].DiebetesResClinPract,2000May,48(2):87-98.
47. Caroline Sassy Prigent, Didier Heudes, Chantal Mandet,etal.Early glomerularmacrophage recruitment in streptozotocin_induced diabetic rats [J]. Diabetes.2000,49(3):466-475.
48. NishokaH,KanauchiM,DohiK.RoleofmonocytechemotacticpeptideⅠindiabeticnephropathy[J].Nephron,2001,88(2):189-190.
49. 吕文山,王海燕,李长贵等.糖尿病肾病的分子遗传学进展.国外医学·内分泌分册,2001,21:96-98.
50. 叶薛,李红.心房肽与糖尿病肾病.国外医学·内分泌分册,1999,19:253-254.
51. 史国辉, 吴乃君.对氧磷酯酶-1 基因多态性与 2 型糖尿病性肾病的关系研究.中国综合临床, 2007,(02):44-46.787-796.
73. Torffvit0, RippeB. Sizeandchargeselectivityoftheglomeularfilterinpatientswithinsulindependentdiabeticmellitus:urinaryimmuoglobulinsandglycosamino-glycans[J].Nephron,1999,83(4):301一307.
74. MasmipuelL, SeguarRM,MareoC. etal.Serumlamininasamarkerofdiabeticretinapathydevelopment:a4-yenrfollow-upstudy.[J].AmJOphthalmol,2002,129(3):347一352.
75. HoshiS,ShuY,YoshiidaF,etal.Podocyteinjurypromotesprogressivenephropathyinzuckerdiabeteicfattyrats.LabInvest,2002,82(1):25-35.
76. HongCY, ChiaKS, LingSL.Urinaryproteinexcretionintype2diabetesWithcomplications[J].J Diabetes Complication,2000,14(5); 259一265.
77. KanauchiM,AkaiY.Transferrinuriaintype2diabeticpatientswithearlynephropathyandtubulointerstitialinjury.EurJ InternMed,2002,13(3):190～193.
78. YazawaM,TsuchidaA,ImaiY,etal.Lamininandcollagen(typeⅣ).NipponRinsho,2002,60(8):575～580
79. GunterWolf,EberhardRitz.DiabeticNephropathyinType2DiabetesPreventionandPatientManagement.JamSocNephrol,2003,14:1396-1405.
80. ThediabetescontrolandcomplicationsTrialResearchgroup.Theeffectofintensivetreatmentofdiabetesonthedevelopmentandprogressionoflongtermcomplicationsininsulindependentdiabetesmellitus.NEnglJMed, 1993, 329:977-986.
81. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) group. Intensive blood glucose control withsulphonylureaor insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk ofcomplicationsinpatientswithtype2diabetes.Lancet, 1998, 325:837-853.
82. Gruden G, Setti G, Haywaxd A etal.Mechanical stretch induces monocyte chemo-attractant activity via an NF-kappaB-dependent monocyte chemoattractantprotein-1-mediated pathway in human mesangial cells: inhibition by msiglitazone. JAmSocNephrol,2005,16(3):688-696.
83. Goyal A,Crook ED. Thiazolidinediones and progression of renal disease in patientswithdiabetes.JinvestigMed, 2006Mar, 54(2):56-61.
84. RuilopeLM,LunoJ.Angiotensinblockadeintype2diabeticrenaldiseases.KidneyIntSuppl, 2002, 82:61-63.
85. PahorM,PsatyBM,AldermanMH,etal.TherapeuticbenefitsofACEinhibitorsandotherantihypertensivedrugsinpatientswithtype2diabetes.DiabetesCare,2000,23:888-892.
86. ForbesJM, ThorpeSR, Thallas-BonkeV, etal.Modulationofsolublereceptorforadvanced glycation end products by angiotensin-converting enzyme-1 inhibition indiabeticnephropathy.JamSocNephrol, 2005, 16(8):2363-2372.
87. Remuzzi G, Macia M, Ruggenenti P. Prevention and Treatment of Diabetic RenalDiseaseinType2Diabetes: TheBENEDICTStudy.JAmSocNephrol.2006Apr,17:S90-97
88. YamagishiS,TakeuchiM,InoueH.Olmesartanmedoxomil,anewlydevelopedangiot-ensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, protects against renal damage in advancedglycationendproduct(age)-injectedrats.DrugsExpClinRes, 2005, 31(2):45-51
89. ParvingHH,LehnertH, Brochner-MortensenJ,etal.Theeffectofirbesar-tanonthe development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl JMed.2001Sep20,345(12):870-878.
90. RemiuzziG,RuggenentiP,PernaA,etal.Continuumofrenoprotectionwithlosartanat all stages of type 2 diabetic nephropathy: a post hoc analysis of the RENAALtrialresults.JAmSocNephrol.2004Dec, 15(12):3117-3125.
91. Hunsicker LG. Emerging trends for prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy:blockadeoftheRAASandBPcontrol.JManagCarePharm.2004Sep,10(5SupplA):S12-S17.
92. Lewis EJ,Hunsicker LG, Clarke WR, etal. Renoprotective Effect of theAngiotensin-ReceptorAntagonistIrbesartaninPatientswithNephropathyDuetoType2Diabetes.[J]NEnglJMed, 2001,345(12):851-860.
93. ChaDR, Kang YS, Han SY, etal. Role of aldosterone in diabetic nephropathy.Nephrology(Carlton), 2005, 10(s2): S37-S39.
94. RachmaniR,SlavachevskyIAmitM,etal.Theeffectofspironolactone,cilazaprilandtheir combination on albuminuria in patients with hypertension and diabeticnephropathy is independent of blood pressure reduction: a rando -mized controlledstudy [J]DiabeticMed,2004,21(5):471-475.
95. OtaT, TakamuraT, AndoH, etal.Preventiveeffectofcerivastatinon diabe-ticnephropathythrough suppression of glomerular macrophage recruitment in a rat model.Diabetologia,2003,46(6):843-851.
96. EndoK, Miyashita Y, SasakiH, etal. Probucol delays progression of diabeticnephropathy.DiabetesResClinPract.2005:8.
97. MoriyamaT, OkaK, UedaH, etal.Nilvadipineattenuatesmesangialexpansionandglomerular hypertrophy in diabetic db/db mice, a model for type 2 diabetes . [J] ClinExpNephrol,2004,8(3):230-236.
98. ShahS,PaparelloJ,DaneshFR.Effectsofstatintherapyontheprogressionofchronickidneydisease.[J]AdvChronicKidneyDis, 2005, 12(2):187-195.
99. Alderson NL, Chachich ME, Frizzell N, etal. Effect of antioxidants and ACEinhibition on chemical modification of proteins and progression of nephropathy in thestreptozotocindiabeticrat.[J]Diabetologia,2004, 47(8):1385-1395
100. BoltonWK,CattranDC,WilliamsME,etal.WuerthJP:Randomizedtrialofaninhibitor of formation of advanced glycation end products in diabetic nephropathy. AmJNephrol,2002,24:32-40.
101. DegenhardtTP, AldersonNL, ArringtonDD, etal.Pyridoxamineinhibitsearlyrenal disease and dyslipidemia in the streptozotocin-dia betic rat.Kidney Int,2002,61(3):939-950.
102. ArticoM, DeSantisS, TranquilliLealiFM, etal[J]JDiabetesComplications,2004,18(2):119-125
103. Kelly D J, ChantyA, Gow RM,etal.Prote in kinase Cbetain hibition attenuatesosteopontin expression,macrophage recruitment,and tubulointerstitial injury inadvanced experimental diabetic nephropa thy.Jam Soc Nephrol,2005,16(6):1654-1660.
104. Tuttle KR,Bakris GL,Toto RD,etal.The effect of ruboxistaurin on nephropathyintype2diabetes.DiabetesCare,2005,28(11):2686-2690.
105. SugaruE, NakagawaT, Ono-KishinoM,etal.SMP-534amelioratespr-ogressionof glomerular fibros is and urinaryalbumin in diabetic db/db mice.Am J Physiol RenalPhysiol,2005:8.
106. SchrijversBF,FlyvbjergA,TiltonRG,etal.AneutralizingVEGFantibodypreventsglomerular hypertrophy in amodel of obese type 2 diabetes,the Zucker diabetic fattyrat.NephrolDialTransplant,2005:25.
107. LassilaM, Jandeleit-DahmK, SeahKK, etal.Imatinib attenuates diabetic nephrop-athyinapolipoproteinE-knockoutmice.JAmSocNephrol,2005,16(2):363-373.
108. CruzadoJM,LloberasN, TorrasJ,etal.RegressionofAdvancedDiabeticNephro-pathy by Hepatocyte Growth Factor Gene Therapy in Rats. [J] Diabetes, 2004,53(4):1119-1127.
109. ChengZJ,GronholmT,LouhelainenM,etal.Vascularandrenaleffectsofvasopep-tidase inhibition and angiotensin-converting enzyme blockade in spontaneouslydiabeticGoto-Kakizakirats.JHypertens,2005,23(9): 1757-1770.
110. Kikuchi Y, Imakiire T, Yamada M, SaigusaT, etal. Mizoribinere duces renalinjury and macrophage in filtration in non-insulin-de pendent diabetic rats. NephrolDialTransplant,2005,20(8):1573-1581.
111. JonesSE, GilbertRE, KellyDJ.Tranilast reduces mesenteric vascular collagendeposition and chymase-positive mast cells in experimental diabetes. J DiabetesComplications,2004,18(5):309-315.
112. 谌贻璞.糖尿病肾病的诊断与治疗,西藏医药杂志.2004,25(1):24-27.
113. 汪 涛 , 陈 孟 华 . 糖 尿 病 肾 病 的 透 析 治 疗 . 肾 脏 病 与 透 析 肾 移 植 杂志,2003.12(4):350-351.
1.刘延华,倪 青.糖尿病证候量化研究方法探讨. 中国中医基础医学杂志,2005,11(1):67-68.
2.查青林,林色奇,吕爱平.多元统计分析在中医证候研究中的应用探析.江西中医学院学报,2004,16(6):79-80.
3.吕仁和,赵进喜.糖尿病肾病临床研究述评,北京中医药大学学报,1994,17(2):2-6.
4.赵进喜,邓德强,李靖.糖尿病肾病相关中医病名考辨.南京中医药大学学报,2005,21(5):288.
5.邓德强,赵进喜(指导).吕仁和教授运用六对论治诊治糖尿病肾病经验.中国中医急症,2007,16(2):186-199.
6.吕仁和主编,糖尿病及其并发症中西医诊治学.第 1 版.北京:人民卫生出版社,1997,328~329.
7.孙军.止消通脉宁治疗早期糖尿病肾病的临床研究.北京中医,1999.(4):50-52.
8.赵进喜,牟新,王世东,等.止消通脉宁颗粒治疗糖尿病肾功能不全代偿期 33 例疗效观察。河南中医,2004(8):20-22.
9.赵进喜,牟新,王世东,等.中西医结合治疗糖尿病肾病肾功能不全代偿期临床分析.中医药学刊。2005(3):440-442.
10.赵进喜,吕仁和,孟庆钢,等. 糖尿病肾病肾功能衰竭防治优化方案研究.世界中医药学会联合会糖尿病专业委员会专家文集(第二辑).北京:2005,316-325.
11.肖相如.著名肾病学家时振声教授系列经验之八糖尿病肾病的证治经验. 辽宁中医杂志, 1998,25(8):346.
12.王晓光,王亚丽,张佩清.张琪教授辨治糖尿病肾病经验介绍. 新中医,2005 年 37(3):20-21.
1.邓德强,赵进喜(指导).糖尿病(消渴病)始终的病机——内热伤阴探讨. 世界中医药学会联合会糖尿病专业委员会第三次国际中医糖尿病学术交流会,.北京:2006,157-158
2.周保林,柏喜林,庞莉.贺永清主任医师治疗糖尿病肾病经验.陕西中医学院学报,27(3): 14-15.
3.梁炜,李世华.糖尿病肾病的发病机理和辨治思路.四川中医, 2003,21(7):7-8.
4.杨霓芝,李芳,徐大基,等,糖尿病肾病分期辨证治疗的探讨,辽宁中医杂志, 1999,26(1):16-17.
5.王付民.糖尿病肾病中医药治法探析. 辽宁中医杂志, 28(11):650-651.
6.陈以平.肾病的辨证与辨病治疗.人民卫生出版社,2003,147-148.
7.南一,南红梅,何泽. 南征教授治疗消渴肾病(糖尿病肾病)的经验.长春中医学院学报,2004,20(3):8-9.
8.翁苓,张丽霞.周国英主任治疗糖尿病肾病的经验总结.福建中医药,2005 2005,36(6):14.
9.肖相如.著名肾病学家时振声教授系列经验之八糖尿病肾病的证治经验. 辽宁中医杂志, 1998,25(8):346.
10.詹锐文,李敬. 糖尿病肾病的中医分型辨治浅析.实用中医内科杂志, 2004,18(6):566-567.
11.吕仁和主编,糖尿病及其并发症中西医诊治学.第 1 版.北京:人民卫生出版社,1997,330-334.
12.赵进喜主编.内分泌代谢病中西医诊治.第 1 版.沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,2004,198-214.
2.赵进喜,邓德强,李靖.糖尿病肾病相关中医病名考辨.南京中医药大学学报,2005,21(5):288.
3.MogensenCE.Natural history of renalfunctionalabnormal aties in human diabetesmellitus from norm albuminuria toincipient and overt nephropathy.The Kidneyin Diabetes Mellitus.New York;Livingstone,1989;19.
4.毛黎明,俞东容,涂晓.辨证与辨病相结合治疗糖尿病肾病 32 例. 浙江中医学院学报,25(6):17-18.
5.张甲臣.浅谈糖尿病肾病的中医治疗. 河南中医,1999,19(4):21.
6.周恩庆.王西周老师治疗糖尿病肾病经验介绍.陕西中医,2001,22(4): 225-226.
7.陈以平.肾病的辨证与辨病治疗.人民卫生出版社,2003,147-148.
8.沈稚舟,吴松华,邵福源,陈国辉主编.糖尿病慢性并发症.上海:上海医科大学出版社,1999,175-176.
9.吕贵德.辨证论治糖尿病肾病 38 例疗效观察. 河北中医,2002,24:103-104.
10.刘从明,何金霞.辨证治疗糖尿病肾病临床观察.内蒙古中医药,1996,3:4-6.
11.张珍先,宋小平.糖尿病肾病的辨证施治.光明中医,2006,21(1):16.
12.成秀梅.任琢珊治疗糖尿病肾病的经验.陕西中医,2003, 24(10):921.
13.王付民.糖尿病肾病中医药治法探析. 辽宁中医杂志, 28(11):650-651.
14.鲁盈,楼狄.糖尿病肾病的诊断与中医治疗.浙江中西医结合杂志.1997,7(4):201-203.
15.邓经林.48 例糖尿病肾病的中医辨证论治.江西中医药,2001,32(5):29.
16.郑庆媛.糖尿病肾病辨证分型论治.实用中医内科杂志。2003, 17(2):72.
17.王改勤,姚丽,张寒梅. 辨证治疗糖尿病肾病体会.江西中医药,2004,35(8):49.
18.傅能,赵韧.中西医结合治疗早期糖尿病肾病临床观察.现代中西医结合杂志,2006,
15(8):989.
19.罗月中.叶任高教授治疗糖尿病肾病的经验.中国中西医结合肾病杂志,2001,2(8):
438-440.
20.郭连川.辨证治疗糖尿病性肾病 54 例.辽宁中医杂志,1993,3:19-20.
21.赵宗江.叶传蕙教授治疗糖尿病肾病的思路与方法.中国中西医结合肾病杂志,2006,7(3):129-131.
22.张庚良.糖尿病肾病的辨证治疗.河北中医,2005,27(8):594.
23.唐礴,蔡美珠.糖尿病肾病的中医辨证治疗.泸州医学院学报.1995,18(2): 114-115.
24.苏小惠,戴舜珍.中西医结合治疗糖尿病肾病 40 例临床观察.辽宁中医杂志,2006,33(1)92-93.
25.陈筱云,赵莉娟.从“瘀”论治糖尿病肾病.中国中医基础医学杂志,2002,8(7):53.
26.仝小林,张志远,李宁,等.糖尿病肾病的中医治疗.中国医药学报,1998,13(4):50-53.
27.南一,南红梅,何泽. 南征教授治疗消渴肾病(糖尿病肾病)的经验.长春中医学院学报,2004,20(3):8-9.
28.宋述菊,牟宗秀.糖尿病肾病病因病机及辨治探讨.山东中医杂志,1999, 18(4):147-148.
29.张玉璞,刘玉英.辨证治疗糖尿病肾病.河北中医,1999,21(5):292.
30.徐云生,李莹.程益春治疗糖尿病肾病及视网膜病变经验.山东中医杂志,1998,17卷(1):32-33.
31.程益春,糖尿病肾病证治体会.江苏中医药,2002,23(12):1.
32.尹义辉,牟淑敏.程益春治疗糖尿病肾病经验. 山东中医药大学学报,2002, 26(4):283-284.
33.程益春,徐灿坤.中医辨证配合口服木糖醇治疗糖尿病肾病疗效观察.山东中医药大学学报,2003,27(1):48-49.
34.赵会贤,苏荣华,高新业.糖尿病肾病的病因病机及证治浅识. 中医药学刊,2004,22(9):1760-1763.
35.张瑞彬,糖尿病肾病中医辨治体会. 河南中医,2003 年,23(9):66-67.
36.王晓光,王亚丽,张琪.张琪教授辨治糖尿病肾病经验介绍. 陕西中医,2004,25(12):1116-1118.
37.王晓光,王亚丽,张佩清.张琪教授辨治糖尿病肾病经验介绍. 新中医,2005 年 37(3):20-21.
38.刘喜明,智文.糖尿病肾病的诊治与分型方法.中国中医基础医学杂志,1999,5(7):
41-44.
39.周保林,柏喜林,庞莉.贺永清主任医师治疗糖尿病肾病经验.陕西中医学院学报,
27(3): 14-15.
40.梁炜,李世华.糖尿病肾病的发病机理和辨治思路.四川中医, 2003,21(7):7-8.
41.李大钧,范克.糖尿病肾病的中医辨证治疗.河北中医,2001,23(9):682.
42.王立新.杨霓芝主任医师治疗糖尿病肾病经验拾萃.中医药研究,2000,16(6): 36.
43.杨霓芝,李芳,徐大基,等,糖尿病肾病分期辨证治疗的探讨,辽宁中医杂志, 1999,
26(1):16-17.
44.詹锐文,李敬. 糖尿病肾病的中医分型辨治浅析.实用中医内科杂志, 2004,18 卷(6): 566-567.
45.丁学屏.糖尿病肾病治疗方法举要. 世界中医药学会联合会糖尿病专业委员会第三次国际中医糖尿病学术交流会论文集,2006,104-106.
46.林兰.糖尿病中西医结合论治.北京:北京科学技术出版社,1997,404-407.
47.倪青.著名中医学家林兰教授学术经验系列之四病机以气阴两虚为主治疗当益气养阴为先——治疗糖尿病肾病的经验整理.辽宁中医杂志, 2000,27(4):145-146.
48.孙炜.早期糖尿病肾病的中医辨证治疗. 浙江中医学院学报,1999,2(4):14.
49.董兴刚.张庆怡治疗早期糖尿病肾病临床经验.浙江中西医结合杂志,2005,15(12):
751.
50.孙伟, 何伟明.糖尿病肾病蛋白尿的中医药治疗体会.江苏中医药,2002,23(5):
18-19.
51.任爱华,阚方旭.糖尿病肾病三焦辨治,山东中医杂志.2000,19(6):328-329.
52.高阳,李琪.刘启庭辨治糖尿病肾病经验. 河南中医,1997,17(1):31-32.
53.张彤.名医经验叶景华主任治疗糖尿病肾病的临床经验.中医药信息,2003,20(3):29-30.
54.翁苓,张丽霞.周国英主任治疗糖尿病肾病的经验总结.福建中医药,2005 2005,36(6):14.
55.肖相如.著名肾病学家时振声教授系列经验之八糖尿病肾病的证治经验. 辽宁中医杂志, 1998,25(8):346.
56.冯健春,倪青.时振声教授治疗糖尿病肾病经验述要.1996,23(12):534-535.
57.倪青,时振声. 糖尿病肾病辨证论治体会.中医函授通讯,1997,16(1):11-12.
58.吕仁和主编.糖尿病及其并发症中西医诊治学.第 1 版.北京:人民卫生出版社,1997,330-334.
59.吕仁和,赵进喜.糖尿病肾病临床研究述评,北京中医药大学学报,1994,17,(2):2-6.
60.王越.吕仁和用“六对论治”诊治糖尿病及其并发症的经验.中国医药学报,1998,13(4):46-49.
61.吕仁和,王越.糖尿病肾病分期辨治与 568 例临床分析.中国医药学报,1994, 9(4):5-8.
62.魏子孝.糖尿病肾病的中医药治疗经验.世界中医药学会联合会糖尿病专业委员会专家文集第二辑,2005,102-106.
63.戴京璋,吕仁和,赵进喜,等.糖尿病肾病中医证治.北京中医药大学学报,2002,25(5):65-66.
64.高彦彬,易京红.中医药辨治糖尿病肾病 100 例临床分析.中医杂志,1991(7):31-34.
65.刘铜华,郑鸿雁. 糖尿病肾病的中医药诊治述要. 国际中医中药杂志,2006, 28( 3 ): 187-190.
66.牟新,宋美玲. 赵进喜教授治疗糖尿病肾病经验介绍.新中医,2005,37(11):15-16.
67.吕仁和,赵进喜,王世东.糖尿病及其并发症的临床研究.新中医,2001,33(3): 3-5.
68.赵进喜主编.内分泌代谢病中西医诊治.第 1 版.沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,2004,198-214.
1. Jin Y, Moriya T, Tanaka K, etal. Glumerular hyperfiltration in noprote in uric andnon-hypertensiveJanpanesetype2diabeticpatients.DiabetesRrsClinPract,2005:23.
2. Banerjec S,Ghosh US,Saha SJ.Role of GFR estimation in assessment of the status ofnephropathyintype2diabetesmellitus.JAssocPhysiciansIndia,2005,53:181-184.
3. Lane P.Diabetic kidney disease: impact of puberty.Am J Physiol Renal Physiol,2002,283:F589-F600.
4. Wolf G,Ziyadeh FN.The role angiotensin Ⅱ in diabetic nephropathy: emphasis onnonhemodynamicmechanisms.AmJKidDis,1997,29:153-163.
5. Anderson S. Role of local and systemic angiotensin in diabetic renal disease. KidneyInt.1997,52(Suppl63):S107-S110.
6. AbboudHE.Growthfactorsanddiabeticnephropathyoverview.KidneyInt,1997,60:3-6.
7. Shaho VO, Dorin RI, Sun Y,etal. Aldose reductase gene expression is increased indiabeticnephropathy[J].JClinEndocrinolMetab, 1997, 82(7)2294-2298.
8. Bernadet-MonroziesP,RostainingL, Kamar ,etal.PresseMed, 2002, 31(36):1714-1720.
9. KyriabisJM,AvruchI.Mammalianmitogen-activatedproteinkinasesignaltransductionpathwaysactivatedbystressandinflammation.PhysiolRev.2001Apr, 81(2):807-869.
10. Choi ME.Mechanism of transforming growth factor-β1 signaling: Role of themitogen-activatedproteinkinase.KidneyInt, 2000, supple(77): s53-s58.
11. HaH,KimKH.Pathogenesisofdiabeticnephropathy: theroleofoxidativestressandproteinkinaseC.DiabetesResClinPract.1999Sep;45(2-3): 147-51.
12. Kang Mj, Wu X, Ly H, etal. Effect of glucose on stress-activated protein kinaseactivityinmesangialcellsanddiabeticglomeruli.KidnInt, 1999Jun,55:2203-2214.
13. Wilmer WA, Cosio FG. DN .A binding of activator protein-1 is increased in humanmesangialcellsculturedinhighglucoseconcentrations.KidnInt,1998,53:1172-1181.
14. IshidaT,HanedaM,MaedaS,etal.Stretch-inducedoverproductionoffibro-nectininmesangialcellsismediatedbytheactivationofmitogen-activatedproteinkinase.Diabetes,1999,48:595-602.
15. IngromA,LyH,ThaiK.Mesangialcellsignalingcascadesinresponsetomechanicalstrainandglucose.KidneyInt.1999Nov;56(5):1721-1728.
16. Cheng HL, Feldman EL. Bidirectional regulation of p38 kinase and c-Jun N-terminalprotein kinase by insulin-like growth factor-I. JBiolChem, 1998Jun 5,273(23):14560-14565.
17. CarlsonCJ,KoterskiS,SciottiRJ,etal.Enhancedbasalactivationofmitogen-activatedprote in k inases inadipocytes from type2 diabetes:potential role of p38 in thedowngradulationofGLUT-4expression.Diabetes, 2003,52:634-641.
18. Bugun N, Ragolia L. High glucose and insulin inhibit VSMCMKP-1 expression byblockingiNOsviap38-MAPKactivation.AMJPhysiolcellPhysiol,2002,278:C81-C91.
19. KumarJM,BrooksDP,OlsonBA,etal.Sgk,aputativeserine 、threoninekinase,is differentially expressed in the kidney of diabetic mice and humans. J Am SocNephrol, 1999Dec, 10(12):2488-2494.
20. Lang F, Klinge lK, Wagner CA,etal. Deranged transcriptional regulation ofcell-volume-sensitive kinase hSGK in diabetic nephropathy.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.2000Jul5,97(14):8157-8162.
21. BusjahnA, AydinA, UhlmannR, etal.Serum-andglucocorticoid-regulatedkinase(SGK1)geneandbloodpressure.Hypertension, 2002Sep, 40(3):256-260.
22. Pugliese G, Pricci F, Leto G, etal.Thediabetic milieu modulates the advancedglycation end product-receptor complex in the mesangium by inducing or up regulatinggalectin-3expression.Diabetes, 2000, 49:1249-1257.
23. JensenLJ,Ostergard J, FlyvbjergA. AGE-RAGE and AGE Cross-link interaction:important players in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. Horm Metab Res,2005,37suppl1:26-34.
24. Wautier JL, Schmidt AM.Prote in glycation: affirm link to endo the lial -celldysfunction.CircRes,2004,95(3):233-238.
25. AttmanPO, Knight-GibsonC, TavellaM, etal.Thecompositionalabnorm-alitiesoflipoproteinsindiabeticrenalfailure.NephrolDialTransplant,1998,13:2833-2841.
26. Kramer-Guth A,Quaschning T,Pavenstadt H,etal. Uptake and metabolism oflipoproteins from patients with diabetes mellitus type by glomerular epithelial cells.NephroDialTransplant,1997,12:1336-1343.
26. Ruan XZ,Varghese Z,Powis SH,etal.Human mesangia cells expressin duciblemacrophagescavengerreceptor.KidneyInt,1999,56:440-451.
27. 刘志红,黎磊石.糖尿病肾病发病机理[J].中华肾脏病杂志,1999,15(2):122-123.
28. Schena FP, Gesualdo L. Pathogenetic mechanisms of diabetic ne phropathy.JAM SocNephrol.2005,16Suppl1:S30-S33.
29. Wolf G, Chen S, Ziyadeh FN. From the periphery of glume rular capil larywalltoward the center of disease : podocyte injury comes of age in diabeticnephropathy.Diabetes,2005,54(6):1626-1634.
30. ZiyadehFN,HanDC,CohenJA,etal.Glycatedalbuminstimulatesfibronectingeneexpressioning lomerular mesangial cells in volvement of the transforming growthfactor-βsystem[J].KidneyInt,1998,53:631-638.
31. EllisP,ForrestKY,ErbeyJ,etal.Urinarymeasurementoftransforming growthfactor-βand type collagenas new markers of renal injury:application indiabeticnephropathy[J].ClinNephrol, 1998, 44:950-956.
32. 吴永贵,林善锬.阻断肾素 2 血管紧张素系统下调糖尿病大鼠肾组织转化生长因子 B受体表达[J].中华肾脏病杂志,1999,15(1):10-13.
33. FlyvbjergA,KhatirDS,JensenLJ,etal.Theinvolvementofgrowthhormone(GH),insulin-like growth factor(IGFs) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) indiabetickindneydisease.CurrPharmDes,2004,10(27):3385-3394.
34. 王尧,翟卫中,钟历勇等.IGF-1、EGF 在糖尿病肾病中的变化及临床意义.南京铁道医学院学报 2000,1(2):109-110.
35. 刘红燕,王丽芬,劳英兰等.胰岛素样生长因子-1 和生长激素与 2 型糖尿病肾病的关系.临床荟萃 2001,1(9):395-396,
36. 刘红燕,王丽芬,劳英兰等.IGF-1 与 2 型糖尿病肾病程度的关系.中国慢性病预防与控制 2001,9(4):163-164.
37. 马娜,刘志红.血管内皮细胞生长因子及其与肾脏病的关系[J].肾脏病与透析肾移植杂志,1999,8(4):367-370.
38. DuhE,AielloLP.Vascularendothelialgrowthfactoranddiabetes:theagonistversusantagonistparadox[J].Diabetes,1999,48:1899-1906.
39. Cooper M E, Vranes D, Yonseef S, etal.Increased renal expression of vascularrendothelial growthfactor(VEGF) and its receptor VEGFR-2 in experimentaldiabetes[J].Diabetes,1999,48:2229-2239.
40. ChaDR, KimNH, YoonJW, etal.Roleofvascularrendothelialgrowthfactorindiabeticnephropathy[J].KidneyInt, 2000, 58(Suppl775):104-112.
41. OstendorfT,KunterV,EitnerF,etal.VEGFmediatesglomerularendothelialrepair[J].JClinInvest,1999,104:913-923.
42. Leehey DJ, Singgh A K,Alavi N, etal. Role of angiotensin Ⅱ in diabeticephropathy.KidneyInt,2000,58(Suppl77):93-98.
43. Miller-KasprzakE,Niemir ZI,Czekalski S.Theroleofplatelet-derived growthfactorA(PDGF-A) in hypertension and renal dis ease.Pol Merkuriusz Lek,2004,16(94):403-405.
44. Langham RG, Kelly DJ, Maguire J, etal. Over expression of platelet-derivedgrowthfactorinhumandiabeticnephropathy[J].NephrologyDialysis Transplantation,2003,18(7):1392-1396.
45. Hida M, Fujita H, Ishikura K, etal.Eicosapentaenoic acid inhibits PDGF-inducedmitogenesis and cyclin D1 expression via TGF-beta in mesangial cells[J].Journal ofCellularPhysiology,2003,196(2):293-300.
46. NakagawaH, SasahataM, HenadaM, etal.Immunohistochemicalcharacterizationof glomerular PDGFB-chain and PDGF beta-receptor expression in diabeticrats[J].DiebetesResClinPract,2000May,48(2):87-98.
47. Caroline Sassy Prigent, Didier Heudes, Chantal Mandet,etal.Early glomerularmacrophage recruitment in streptozotocin_induced diabetic rats [J]. Diabetes.2000,49(3):466-475.
48. NishokaH,KanauchiM,DohiK.RoleofmonocytechemotacticpeptideⅠindiabeticnephropathy[J].Nephron,2001,88(2):189-190.
49. 吕文山,王海燕,李长贵等.糖尿病肾病的分子遗传学进展.国外医学·内分泌分册,2001,21:96-98.
50. 叶薛,李红.心房肽与糖尿病肾病.国外医学·内分泌分册,1999,19:253-254.
51. 史国辉, 吴乃君.对氧磷酯酶-1 基因多态性与 2 型糖尿病性肾病的关系研究.中国综合临床, 2007,(02):44-46.医学院学报 2000,1(2):109-110.
35. 刘红燕,王丽芬,劳英兰等.胰岛素样生长因子-1 和生长激素与 2 型糖尿病肾病的关系.临床荟萃 2001,1(9):395-396,
36. 刘红燕,王丽芬,劳英兰等.IGF-1 与 2 型糖尿病肾病程度的关系.中国慢性病预防与控制 2001,9(4):163-164.
37. 马娜,刘志红.血管内皮细胞生长因子及其与肾脏病的关系[J].肾脏病与透析肾移植杂志,1999,8(4):367-370.
38. DuhE,AielloLP.Vascularendothelialgrowthfactoranddiabetes:theagonistversusantagonistparadox[J].Diabetes,1999,48:1899-1906.
39. Cooper M E, Vranes D, Yonseef S, etal.Increased renal expression of vascularrendothelial growthfactor(VEGF) and its receptor VEGFR-2 in experimentaldiabetes[J].Diabetes,1999,48:2229-2239.
40. ChaDR, KimNH, YoonJW, etal.Roleofvascularrendothelialgrowthfactorindiabeticnephropathy[J].KidneyInt, 2000, 58(Suppl775):104-112.
41. OstendorfT,KunterV,EitnerF,etal.VEGFmediatesglomerularendothelialrepair[J].JClinInvest,1999,104:913-923.
42. Leehey DJ, Singgh A K,Alavi N, etal. Role of angiotensin Ⅱ in diabeticephropathy.KidneyInt,2000,58(Suppl77):93-98.
43. Miller-KasprzakE,Niemir ZI,Czekalski S.Theroleofplatelet-derived growthfactorA(PDGF-A) in hypertension and renal dis ease.Pol Merkuriusz Lek,2004,16(94):403-405.
44. Langham RG, Kelly DJ, Maguire J, etal. Over expression of platelet-derivedgrowthfactorinhumandiabeticnephropathy[J].NephrologyDialysis Transplantation,2003,18(7):1392-1396.
45. Hida M, Fujita H, Ishikura K, etal.Eicosapentaenoic acid inhibits PDGF-inducedmitogenesis and cyclin D1 expression via TGF-beta in mesangial cells[J].Journal ofCellularPhysiology,2003,196(2):293-300.
46. NakagawaH, SasahataM, HenadaM, etal.Immunohistochemicalcharacterizationof glomerular PDGFB-chain and PDGF beta-receptor expression in diabeticrats[J].DiebetesResClinPract,2000May,48(2):87-98.
47. Caroline Sassy Prigent, Didier Heudes, Chantal Mandet,etal.Early glomerularmacrophage recruitment in streptozotocin_induced diabetic rats [J]. Diabetes.2000,49(3):466-475.
48. NishokaH,KanauchiM,DohiK.RoleofmonocytechemotacticpeptideⅠindiabeticnephropathy[J].Nephron,2001,88(2):189-190.
49. 吕文山,王海燕,李长贵等.糖尿病肾病的分子遗传学进展.国外医学·内分泌分册,2001,21:96-98.
50. 叶薛,李红.心房肽与糖尿病肾病.国外医学·内分泌分册,1999,19:253-254.
51. 史国辉, 吴乃君.对氧磷酯酶-1 基因多态性与 2 型糖尿病性肾病的关系研究.中国综合临床, 2007,(02):44-46.787-796.
73. Torffvit0, RippeB. Sizeandchargeselectivityoftheglomeularfilterinpatientswithinsulindependentdiabeticmellitus:urinaryimmuoglobulinsandglycosamino-glycans[J].Nephron,1999,83(4):301一307.
74. MasmipuelL, SeguarRM,MareoC. etal.Serumlamininasamarkerofdiabeticretinapathydevelopment:a4-yenrfollow-upstudy.[J].AmJOphthalmol,2002,129(3):347一352.
75. HoshiS,ShuY,YoshiidaF,etal.Podocyteinjurypromotesprogressivenephropathyinzuckerdiabeteicfattyrats.LabInvest,2002,82(1):25-35.
76. HongCY, ChiaKS, LingSL.Urinaryproteinexcretionintype2diabetesWithcomplications[J].J Diabetes Complication,2000,14(5); 259一265.
77. KanauchiM,AkaiY.Transferrinuriaintype2diabeticpatientswithearlynephropathyandtubulointerstitialinjury.EurJ InternMed,2002,13(3):190～193.
78. YazawaM,TsuchidaA,ImaiY,etal.Lamininandcollagen(typeⅣ).NipponRinsho,2002,60(8):575～580
79. GunterWolf,EberhardRitz.DiabeticNephropathyinType2DiabetesPreventionandPatientManagement.JamSocNephrol,2003,14:1396-1405.
80. ThediabetescontrolandcomplicationsTrialResearchgroup.Theeffectofintensivetreatmentofdiabetesonthedevelopmentandprogressionoflongtermcomplicationsininsulindependentdiabetesmellitus.NEnglJMed, 1993, 329:977-986.
81. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) group. Intensive blood glucose control withsulphonylureaor insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk ofcomplicationsinpatientswithtype2diabetes.Lancet, 1998, 325:837-853.
82. Gruden G, Setti G, Haywaxd A etal.Mechanical stretch induces monocyte chemo-attractant activity via an NF-kappaB-dependent monocyte chemoattractantprotein-1-mediated pathway in human mesangial cells: inhibition by msiglitazone. JAmSocNephrol,2005,16(3):688-696.
83. Goyal A,Crook ED. Thiazolidinediones and progression of renal disease in patientswithdiabetes.JinvestigMed, 2006Mar, 54(2):56-61.
84. RuilopeLM,LunoJ.Angiotensinblockadeintype2diabeticrenaldiseases.KidneyIntSuppl, 2002, 82:61-63.
85. PahorM,PsatyBM,AldermanMH,etal.TherapeuticbenefitsofACEinhibitorsandotherantihypertensivedrugsinpatientswithtype2diabetes.DiabetesCare,2000,23:888-892.
86. ForbesJM, ThorpeSR, Thallas-BonkeV, etal.Modulationofsolublereceptorforadvanced glycation end products by angiotensin-converting enzyme-1 inhibition indiabeticnephropathy.JamSocNephrol, 2005, 16(8):2363-2372.
87. Remuzzi G, Macia M, Ruggenenti P. Prevention and Treatment of Diabetic RenalDiseaseinType2Diabetes: TheBENEDICTStudy.JAmSocNephrol.2006Apr,17:S90-97
88. YamagishiS,TakeuchiM,InoueH.Olmesartanmedoxomil,anewlydevelopedangiot-ensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, protects against renal damage in advancedglycationendproduct(age)-injectedrats.DrugsExpClinRes, 2005, 31(2):45-51
89. ParvingHH,LehnertH, Brochner-MortensenJ,etal.Theeffectofirbesar-tanonthe development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl JMed.2001Sep20,345(12):870-878.
90. RemiuzziG,RuggenentiP,PernaA,etal.Continuumofrenoprotectionwithlosartanat all stages of type 2 diabetic nephropathy: a post hoc analysis of the RENAALtrialresults.JAmSocNephrol.2004Dec, 15(12):3117-3125.
91. Hunsicker LG. Emerging trends for prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy:blockadeoftheRAASandBPcontrol.JManagCarePharm.2004Sep,10(5SupplA):S12-S17.
92. Lewis EJ,Hunsicker LG, Clarke WR, etal. Renoprotective Effect of theAngiotensin-ReceptorAntagonistIrbesartaninPatientswithNephropathyDuetoType2Diabetes.[J]NEnglJMed, 2001,345(12):851-860.
93. ChaDR, Kang YS, Han SY, etal. Role of aldosterone in diabetic nephropathy.Nephrology(Carlton), 2005, 10(s2): S37-S39.
94. RachmaniR,SlavachevskyIAmitM,etal.Theeffectofspironolactone,cilazaprilandtheir combination on albuminuria in patients with hypertension and diabeticnephropathy is independent of blood pressure reduction: a rando -mized controlledstudy [J]DiabeticMed,2004,21(5):471-475.
95. OtaT, TakamuraT, AndoH, etal.Preventiveeffectofcerivastatinon diabe-ticnephropathythrough suppression of glomerular macrophage recruitment in a rat model.Diabetologia,2003,46(6):843-851.
96. EndoK, Miyashita Y, SasakiH, etal. Probucol delays progression of diabeticnephropathy.DiabetesResClinPract.2005:8.
97. MoriyamaT, OkaK, UedaH, etal.Nilvadipineattenuatesmesangialexpansionandglomerular hypertrophy in diabetic db/db mice, a model for type 2 diabetes . [J] ClinExpNephrol,2004,8(3):230-236.
98. ShahS,PaparelloJ,DaneshFR.Effectsofstatintherapyontheprogressionofchronickidneydisease.[J]AdvChronicKidneyDis, 2005, 12(2):187-195.
99. Alderson NL, Chachich ME, Frizzell N, etal. Effect of antioxidants and ACEinhibition on chemical modification of proteins and progression of nephropathy in thestreptozotocindiabeticrat.[J]Diabetologia,2004, 47(8):1385-1395
100. BoltonWK,CattranDC,WilliamsME,etal.WuerthJP:Randomizedtrialofaninhibitor of formation of advanced glycation end products in diabetic nephropathy. AmJNephrol,2002,24:32-40.
101. DegenhardtTP, AldersonNL, ArringtonDD, etal.Pyridoxamineinhibitsearlyrenal disease and dyslipidemia in the streptozotocin-dia betic rat.Kidney Int,2002,61(3):939-950.
102. ArticoM, DeSantisS, TranquilliLealiFM, etal[J]JDiabetesComplications,2004,18(2):119-125
103. Kelly D J, ChantyA, Gow RM,etal.Prote in kinase Cbetain hibition attenuatesosteopontin expression,macrophage recruitment,and tubulointerstitial injury inadvanced experimental diabetic nephropa thy.Jam Soc Nephrol,2005,16(6):1654-1660.
104. Tuttle KR,Bakris GL,Toto RD,etal.The effect of ruboxistaurin on nephropathyintype2diabetes.DiabetesCare,2005,28(11):2686-2690.
105. SugaruE, NakagawaT, Ono-KishinoM,etal.SMP-534amelioratespr-ogressionof glomerular fibros is and urinaryalbumin in diabetic db/db mice.Am J Physiol RenalPhysiol,2005:8.
106. SchrijversBF,FlyvbjergA,TiltonRG,etal.AneutralizingVEGFantibodypreventsglomerular hypertrophy in amodel of obese type 2 diabetes,the Zucker diabetic fattyrat.NephrolDialTransplant,2005:25.
107. LassilaM, Jandeleit-DahmK, SeahKK, etal.Imatinib attenuates diabetic nephrop-athyinapolipoproteinE-knockoutmice.JAmSocNephrol,2005,16(2):363-373.
108. CruzadoJM,LloberasN, TorrasJ,etal.RegressionofAdvancedDiabeticNephro-pathy by Hepatocyte Growth Factor Gene Therapy in Rats. [J] Diabetes, 2004,53(4):1119-1127.
109. ChengZJ,GronholmT,LouhelainenM,etal.Vascularandrenaleffectsofvasopep-tidase inhibition and angiotensin-converting enzyme blockade in spontaneouslydiabeticGoto-Kakizakirats.JHypertens,2005,23(9): 1757-1770.
110. Kikuchi Y, Imakiire T, Yamada M, SaigusaT, etal. Mizoribinere duces renalinjury and macrophage in filtration in non-insulin-de pendent diabetic rats. NephrolDialTransplant,2005,20(8):1573-1581.
111. JonesSE, GilbertRE, KellyDJ.Tranilast reduces mesenteric vascular collagendeposition and chymase-positive mast cells in experimental diabetes. J DiabetesComplications,2004,18(5):309-315.
112. 谌贻璞.糖尿病肾病的诊断与治疗,西藏医药杂志.2004,25(1):24-27.
113. 汪 涛 , 陈 孟 华 . 糖 尿 病 肾 病 的 透 析 治 疗 . 肾 脏 病 与 透 析 肾 移 植 杂志,2003.12(4):350-351.
1.刘延华,倪 青.糖尿病证候量化研究方法探讨. 中国中医基础医学杂志,2005,11(1):67-68.
2.查青林,林色奇,吕爱平.多元统计分析在中医证候研究中的应用探析.江西中医学院学报,2004,16(6):79-80.
3.吕仁和,赵进喜.糖尿病肾病临床研究述评,北京中医药大学学报,1994,17(2):2-6.
4.赵进喜,邓德强,李靖.糖尿病肾病相关中医病名考辨.南京中医药大学学报,2005,21(5):288.
5.邓德强,赵进喜(指导).吕仁和教授运用六对论治诊治糖尿病肾病经验.中国中医急症,2007,16(2):186-199.
6.吕仁和主编,糖尿病及其并发症中西医诊治学.第 1 版.北京:人民卫生出版社,1997,328~329.
7.孙军.止消通脉宁治疗早期糖尿病肾病的临床研究.北京中医,1999.(4):50-52.
8.赵进喜,牟新,王世东,等.止消通脉宁颗粒治疗糖尿病肾功能不全代偿期 33 例疗效观察。河南中医,2004(8):20-22.
9.赵进喜,牟新,王世东,等.中西医结合治疗糖尿病肾病肾功能不全代偿期临床分析.中医药学刊。2005(3):440-442.
10.赵进喜,吕仁和,孟庆钢,等. 糖尿病肾病肾功能衰竭防治优化方案研究.世界中医药学会联合会糖尿病专业委员会专家文集(第二辑).北京:2005,316-325.
11.肖相如.著名肾病学家时振声教授系列经验之八糖尿病肾病的证治经验. 辽宁中医杂志, 1998,25(8):346.
12.王晓光,王亚丽,张佩清.张琪教授辨治糖尿病肾病经验介绍. 新中医,2005 年 37(3):20-21.
1.邓德强,赵进喜(指导).糖尿病(消渴病)始终的病机——内热伤阴探讨. 世界中医药学会联合会糖尿病专业委员会第三次国际中医糖尿病学术交流会,.北京:2006,157-158
2.周保林,柏喜林,庞莉.贺永清主任医师治疗糖尿病肾病经验.陕西中医学院学报,27(3): 14-15.
3.梁炜,李世华.糖尿病肾病的发病机理和辨治思路.四川中医, 2003,21(7):7-8.
4.杨霓芝,李芳,徐大基,等,糖尿病肾病分期辨证治疗的探讨,辽宁中医杂志, 1999,26(1):16-17.
5.王付民.糖尿病肾病中医药治法探析. 辽宁中医杂志, 28(11):650-651.
6.陈以平.肾病的辨证与辨病治疗.人民卫生出版社,2003,147-148.
7.南一,南红梅,何泽. 南征教授治疗消渴肾病(糖尿病肾病)的经验.长春中医学院学报,2004,20(3):8-9.
8.翁苓,张丽霞.周国英主任治疗糖尿病肾病的经验总结.福建中医药,2005 2005,36(6):14.
9.肖相如.著名肾病学家时振声教授系列经验之八糖尿病肾病的证治经验. 辽宁中医杂志, 1998,25(8):346.
10.詹锐文,李敬. 糖尿病肾病的中医分型辨治浅析.实用中医内科杂志, 2004,18(6):566-567.
11.吕仁和主编,糖尿病及其并发症中西医诊治学.第 1 版.北京:人民卫生出版社,1997,330-334.
12.赵进喜主编.内分泌代谢病中西医诊治.第 1 版.沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,2004,198-214.