铁路货车装载工况对车辆运行安全影响的机理及仿真实验研究
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摘要
货车装载工况是影响铁路安全的重要方面。货车装载的货物质量及货物重心在车辆横向、纵向和垂向的位置是反映铁路货车装载工况的重要参数。随着铁路线路条件的改善与技术装备的革新,目前我国关于铁路货物装载技术条件的规定已经不合时宜,亟需系统研究新的线路与装备条件下货车装载工况对车辆运行安全的影响。
本文围绕货车装载工况参数对车辆运行安全指标的影响展开研究,主要包括以下几个方面的内容：
(1)在明确货车装载工况参数体系(货物质量、货物重心横向偏移量、货物重心纵向偏移量、重车重心高)的基础上,定性分析了影响铁路车辆运行安全的各种因素。
(2)通过静力分析的方法,在系统研究车辆在直线和曲线上运行时货物、车辆与轨道之间的作用的基础上,分别建立了直线运行条件下以及曲线欠超高与过超高运行条件下货车装载工况参数对车辆运行安全指标(倾覆系数、脱轨系数、轮重减载率)影响的静力关系式。以C70H货车为例,采用多元回归方法分别建立了货车装载工况参数对倾覆系数、脱轨系数、轮重减载率影响的简化线性等效关系式,研究了货车装载工况参数对车辆运行安全指标影响的机理。
(3)基于车辆系统动力学和达朗贝尔原理,建立了考虑货物、车辆耦合的铁路货车运动方程。
(4)以C70H货车为例,运用多体动力学软件SIMPACK,建立了货物—车辆—轨道动力学仿真模型,并参考实际动力学试验测试数据,通过比较C70H货车通过特定直线和曲线上运行时车辆运行安全指标的仿真计算数据和试验测量数据,验证了仿真模型的合理性。
(5)在设定大量货车装载工况与运行工况组合的基础上,通过大量仿真计算分别研究了货物质量,重车重心高以及货物重心横、纵向偏移量对车辆运行安全指标(倾覆系数、脱轨系数、轮重减载率)影响的规律。最终提出了保证C70H货车运行安全的货车装载工况参数范围。
Wagon loading conditions are the important factors influencing railway safety. Wagon loading conditions are governed by the cargo weight and the location of cargo gravity center at the lateral, longitudinal, and vertical directions. With the improvement of railway line and innovation of railway infrastructures and equipments, the rules of China's wagon loading technical conditions have already been out of date, which need to be systematically studied.
Focusing on the influences of wagon loading conditions on railway vehicle running safety, this paper includes the following contents:
(1) Based on determining wagon loading condition parameters, including cargo mass (CM), height of gravity center of a loaded wagon (CGHL), longitudinal deviation of cargo gravity center (CGCLoD) and lateral deviation of cargo gravity center (CGCLAD), the factors influencing railway vehicle running safety are qualitatively analyzed.
(2) According to the static analysis method, the interactions between cargo, vehicle and rail are analyzed. Then the static equations of wagon loading condition parameters and railway vehicle running safety indexes (overturning coefficient, derailment coefficient and wheel unloading rate) are established in cases of wagons are running on the straight lines, curve lines with overbalanced superelevation and curve lines with underbalanced superelevation. Through the multiple regression method, taking the wagon C70H for example, the equivalent formulas of the influences of wagon loading condition parameters on overturning coefficient, derailment coefficient and wheel unloading rate are deduced. Then the mechanism of the influences of wagon loading condition parameters on railway vehicle running safety indexes is studied.
(3) According to the vehicle system dynamics and the D'Alembert's principle, the equations of motion of the railway wagon considering the coupling of cargo and vehicle are established.
(4) Depended on the multibody dynamics software SIMPACK, the cargo-vehicle-rail simulation model of wagon C70H is established. Then this model is testified to be reasonable after comparing the results of simulation model with the practical dynamic tests of C70H running on the straight lines and curve lines.
(5) By setting specific calculation scenarios of wagon loading and running conditions, a large number of simulation calculations are done, then the influences of CM, CGHL, CGCLOD and CGCLAD on overturning coefficient, derailment coefficient and wheel unloading rate are studied, respectively. According to the results and potential rules, the range of the wagon loading condition parameters guaranteeing railway vehicle running safety is determined.
本文围绕货车装载工况参数对车辆运行安全指标的影响展开研究,主要包括以下几个方面的内容：
(1)在明确货车装载工况参数体系(货物质量、货物重心横向偏移量、货物重心纵向偏移量、重车重心高)的基础上,定性分析了影响铁路车辆运行安全的各种因素。
(2)通过静力分析的方法,在系统研究车辆在直线和曲线上运行时货物、车辆与轨道之间的作用的基础上,分别建立了直线运行条件下以及曲线欠超高与过超高运行条件下货车装载工况参数对车辆运行安全指标(倾覆系数、脱轨系数、轮重减载率)影响的静力关系式。以C70H货车为例,采用多元回归方法分别建立了货车装载工况参数对倾覆系数、脱轨系数、轮重减载率影响的简化线性等效关系式,研究了货车装载工况参数对车辆运行安全指标影响的机理。
(3)基于车辆系统动力学和达朗贝尔原理,建立了考虑货物、车辆耦合的铁路货车运动方程。
(4)以C70H货车为例,运用多体动力学软件SIMPACK,建立了货物—车辆—轨道动力学仿真模型,并参考实际动力学试验测试数据,通过比较C70H货车通过特定直线和曲线上运行时车辆运行安全指标的仿真计算数据和试验测量数据,验证了仿真模型的合理性。
(5)在设定大量货车装载工况与运行工况组合的基础上,通过大量仿真计算分别研究了货物质量,重车重心高以及货物重心横、纵向偏移量对车辆运行安全指标(倾覆系数、脱轨系数、轮重减载率)影响的规律。最终提出了保证C70H货车运行安全的货车装载工况参数范围。
Wagon loading conditions are the important factors influencing railway safety. Wagon loading conditions are governed by the cargo weight and the location of cargo gravity center at the lateral, longitudinal, and vertical directions. With the improvement of railway line and innovation of railway infrastructures and equipments, the rules of China's wagon loading technical conditions have already been out of date, which need to be systematically studied.
Focusing on the influences of wagon loading conditions on railway vehicle running safety, this paper includes the following contents:
(1) Based on determining wagon loading condition parameters, including cargo mass (CM), height of gravity center of a loaded wagon (CGHL), longitudinal deviation of cargo gravity center (CGCLoD) and lateral deviation of cargo gravity center (CGCLAD), the factors influencing railway vehicle running safety are qualitatively analyzed.
(2) According to the static analysis method, the interactions between cargo, vehicle and rail are analyzed. Then the static equations of wagon loading condition parameters and railway vehicle running safety indexes (overturning coefficient, derailment coefficient and wheel unloading rate) are established in cases of wagons are running on the straight lines, curve lines with overbalanced superelevation and curve lines with underbalanced superelevation. Through the multiple regression method, taking the wagon C70H for example, the equivalent formulas of the influences of wagon loading condition parameters on overturning coefficient, derailment coefficient and wheel unloading rate are deduced. Then the mechanism of the influences of wagon loading condition parameters on railway vehicle running safety indexes is studied.
(3) According to the vehicle system dynamics and the D'Alembert's principle, the equations of motion of the railway wagon considering the coupling of cargo and vehicle are established.
(4) Depended on the multibody dynamics software SIMPACK, the cargo-vehicle-rail simulation model of wagon C70H is established. Then this model is testified to be reasonable after comparing the results of simulation model with the practical dynamic tests of C70H running on the straight lines and curve lines.
(5) By setting specific calculation scenarios of wagon loading and running conditions, a large number of simulation calculations are done, then the influences of CM, CGHL, CGCLOD and CGCLAD on overturning coefficient, derailment coefficient and wheel unloading rate are studied, respectively. According to the results and potential rules, the range of the wagon loading condition parameters guaranteeing railway vehicle running safety is determined.
引文
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